To the Editor:Persistent trigeminal artery(PTA)is one of the most common remaining fetal anastomoses.During embroyotic development,the link between the carotid and vertebral basilar circulation would normally regress....To the Editor:Persistent trigeminal artery(PTA)is one of the most common remaining fetal anastomoses.During embroyotic development,the link between the carotid and vertebral basilar circulation would normally regress.Carotid artery dissection(CAD)is a common cause of cerebral ischemia in young people,which can be caused by hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)possibly due to gene mutation.We report a case of posterior circulation ischemia caused by CAD.展开更多
The first-line treatment options for high-risk prostate cancer(PCa)are definitive external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)with or without androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)and radical prostatectomy(RP)with or without adjuvant ...The first-line treatment options for high-risk prostate cancer(PCa)are definitive external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)with or without androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)and radical prostatectomy(RP)with or without adjuvant therapies.However,few randomized trials have compared the survival outcomes of these two treatments.To systematically evaluate the survival outcomes of high-risk PCa patients treated with EBRT-or RP-based therapy,a comprehensive and up-to-date meta-analysis was performed.A systematic online search was conducted for randomized or observational studies that investigated biochemical relapse-free survival(bRFS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and/or overall survival(OS),in relation to the use of RP or EBRT in patients with high-risk PCa.The summary hazard ratios(HRs)were estimated under the random effects models.We identified heterogeneity between studies using Q tests and measured it using I2 statistics.We evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's regression asymmetry tests.Seventeen studies(including one randomized controlled trial[RCT])of low risk of bias were selected and up to 9504 patients were pooled.When comparing EBRT-based treatment with RP-based treatment,the pooled HRs for bRFS,CSS,and OS were 0.40(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.24–0.67),1.36(95%CI:0.94–1.97),and 1.39(95%CI:1.18–1.62),respectively.Better OS for RP-based treatment and better bRFS for EBRT-based treatment have been identified,and there was no significant difference in CSS between the two treatments.RP-based treatment is recommended for high-risk PCa patients who value long-term survival,and EBRT-based treatment might be a promising alternative for elderly patients.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81901198)Basic research of Suzhou Medical and health care(No.SYS201724).
文摘To the Editor:Persistent trigeminal artery(PTA)is one of the most common remaining fetal anastomoses.During embroyotic development,the link between the carotid and vertebral basilar circulation would normally regress.Carotid artery dissection(CAD)is a common cause of cerebral ischemia in young people,which can be caused by hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)possibly due to gene mutation.We report a case of posterior circulation ischemia caused by CAD.
基金This work was supported in part by Phillip Gallo,D epartm ent of Microbiology and Immunology,Albert Einstein College of Medicine,New York,NY,USA.
文摘The first-line treatment options for high-risk prostate cancer(PCa)are definitive external beam radiotherapy(EBRT)with or without androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)and radical prostatectomy(RP)with or without adjuvant therapies.However,few randomized trials have compared the survival outcomes of these two treatments.To systematically evaluate the survival outcomes of high-risk PCa patients treated with EBRT-or RP-based therapy,a comprehensive and up-to-date meta-analysis was performed.A systematic online search was conducted for randomized or observational studies that investigated biochemical relapse-free survival(bRFS),cancer-specific survival(CSS),and/or overall survival(OS),in relation to the use of RP or EBRT in patients with high-risk PCa.The summary hazard ratios(HRs)were estimated under the random effects models.We identified heterogeneity between studies using Q tests and measured it using I2 statistics.We evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's regression asymmetry tests.Seventeen studies(including one randomized controlled trial[RCT])of low risk of bias were selected and up to 9504 patients were pooled.When comparing EBRT-based treatment with RP-based treatment,the pooled HRs for bRFS,CSS,and OS were 0.40(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.24–0.67),1.36(95%CI:0.94–1.97),and 1.39(95%CI:1.18–1.62),respectively.Better OS for RP-based treatment and better bRFS for EBRT-based treatment have been identified,and there was no significant difference in CSS between the two treatments.RP-based treatment is recommended for high-risk PCa patients who value long-term survival,and EBRT-based treatment might be a promising alternative for elderly patients.
