FS-LASIK与智能脉冲技术的TransPRK矫正中度近视的疗效比较

目的:比较应用飞秒激光制瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)与750Hz切削频率和智能脉冲技术(SPT)的经上皮准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(TransPRK)矫正中度近视的临床效果。方法:采用非随机前瞻性队列研究。纳入FS-LASIK治疗的患者48例90眼和TransPRK治疗的患者47例90眼。所有眼睛都是中度近视(等效球镜度-3.00~-6.00D)。FS-LASIK和TransPRK均由Schwind Amaris 750S准分子激光器进行。分别于术前及术后6mo对视力、等效球镜度及各项角膜高阶像差等变量进行分析,评估手术疗效。结果:术后6mo,FS-LASIK和TransPRK术后等效球镜度呈正视并相对稳定。术前和术后两组间术眼SE比较均无差异(P>0.05)。术后6mo,FS-LASIK组和TransPRK组患者的总高阶像差、球差及垂直彗差均较术前明显增加(均P<0.001),且FS-LASIK组患者的总高阶像差及垂直彗差高于TransPRK组(均P<0.001)。术后6mo,FS-LASIK组和TransPRK组平均疗效指数分别为1.054±0.172和1.082±0.147(t=-0.755,P=0.459)。术后6mo,FS-LASIK组平均安全性指数为1.009±0.114,明显低于TransPRK组的1.124±0.213(t=-2.322,P=0.033)。结论:FS-LASIK和SPT引导的TransPRK术后远期视力均较好。FS-LASIK组患者的总高阶像差及垂直彗差高于TransPRK组,且FS-LASIK安全性指数低于TransPRK。

新生血管性青光眼治疗的研究进展

新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)是一种难治性致盲性眼病,给社会增加了沉重负担。NVG的发病与多种因素有关,如视网膜缺血缺氧、炎症及外伤等。可引发其发病的疾病多达40余种,其中临床中最常见的为糖尿病视网膜病变及视网膜中央静脉阻塞等。由于其病因复杂,且发病机制仍不明确,临床治疗存在巨大难度。本文对近年来的一些相关研究进行归纳总结,对NVG的发病及治疗进行阐述,以期望可以对临床工作有所帮助。

X-ray spectral evolution in an X-ray changing-look AGN NGC 1365 with variable column density

X-ray changing-look active galactic nuclei(CL AGNs) are a subpopulation of AGNs,whose lineof-sight column densities increase/decrease within several years.The physical mechanism for the variation of column density is unclear.We reduce the X-ray data from XMM-Newton and Nu STAR observations for a CL AGN NGC 1365 with strong variation of column densities.The X-ray spectrum quickly softens as the X-ray luminosity increases and optical-to-X-ray spectral index also increases as increasing of optical luminosity.These results support that NGC 1365 also undergoes strong spectral evolution as that recently suggested for the optically selected CL AGNs with reappearance/disappearance of broad emission lines.Therefore,the variation of column density may be driven by the variable disk winds during the strong evolution of disk/corona.

The inner～40 pc radial distribution of the star formation rate for a nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy M51

We investigate the spatially resolved specific star formation rate （SSFR） in the inner -40 pc for a nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy, M51 （NGC 5194） by analyzing spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope （HST） Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph （STIS）. We present 24 radial spectra measured along the STIS long slit in M51, extending - 1＂ from the nucleus （i.e., -41.5 pc to 39.4 pc）. By simple stellar population synthesis, the stellar contributions in these radial optical spectra are modeled. It is found that the mean flux fraction of young stellar populations （younger than 24.5 Myr） is about 9%. Excluding some regions with zero young flux fraction near the center （from -6 pc to 2 pc）, the mean mass fraction is about 0.09%. The young stellar populations are not required in the center inner -8 pc in M51, suggesting a possible SSFR suppression in the circumnuclear region （- 10 pc） from the feedback of active galactic nuclei （AGNs）. The radial distribution of SSFR in M51 is not symmetrical with respect to the long slit in STIS. This unsymmetrical SSFR distribution is possibly due to the unsymmetrical AGN feedback in M51, which is related to its jet.

X-ray absorption and 9.7μm silicate feature as a probe of AGN torus structure

The dusty torus plays a vital role in unifying active galactic nuclei(AGNs).However,the physical structure of the torus remains largely unclear.Here we present a systematical investigation of the torus mid-infrared(MIR)spectroscopic feature,i.e.,the 9.7μm silicate line,of 175 AGNs selected from the Swift/BAT Spectroscopic Survey(BASS).Our sample is constructed to ensure that each of the 175 AGNs has Spizter/IRS MIR,optical,and X-ray spectroscopic coverage.Therefore,we can simultaneously measure the silicate strength,optical emission lines,and X-ray properties(e.g.,the column density and the intrinsic X-ray luminosity).We show that,consistent with previous works,the silicate strength is weakly correlated with the hydrogen column density(N_H^X),albeit with large scatters.For X-ray unobscured AGNs,the silicate-strength-derived V-band extinction and the broad-Hα-inferred one are both small;however,for X-ray obscured AGNs,the former is much larger than the latter.In addition,we find that the optical type1 AGNs with strong X-ray absorption on average show significant silicate absorption,indicating that their X-ray absorption might not be caused by dust-free gas in the broad-line region.Our results suggest that the distribution and structure of the obscuring dusty torus are likely to be very complex.We test our results against the smooth and clumpy torus models and find evidence in favor of the clumpy torus model.

COVID-19-associated monocytic encephalitis(CAME):histological and proteomic evidence from autopsy

Severe neurological symptoms are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the morphologic features,pathological nature and their potential mechanisms in patient brains have not been revealed despite evidence of neurotropic infection.In this study,neuropathological damages and infiltrating inflammatory cells were quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining,ultrastructural examination under electron microscopy,and an image threshold method,in postmortem brains from nine critically ill COVID-19 patients and nine age-matched cadavers of healthy individuals.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomic assays.Histopathological findings included neurophagocytosis,microglia nodules,satellite phenomena,extensive edema,focal hemorrhage,and infarction,as well as infiltrating mononuclear cells.Immunostaining of COVID-19 brains revealed extensive activation of both microglia and astrocytes,severe damage of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and various degrees of perivascular infiltration by predominantly CD14+/CD16+/CD141+/CCR7+/CD11c+monocytes and occasionally CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes.Quantitative proteomic assays combined with bioinformatics analysis identified upregulated proteins predominantly involved in immune responses,autophagy and cellular metabolism in COVID-19 patient brains compared with control brains.Proteins involved in brain development,neuroprotection,and extracellular matrix proteins of the basement membrane were downregulated,potentially caused by the activation of transforming growth factorβreceptor and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways.Thus,our results define histopathological and molecular profiles of COVID-19-associated monocytic encephalitis(CAME)and suggest potential therapeutic targets.

A glycolysis-based ten-gene signature correlates with the clinical outcome, molecular subtype and IDH1 mutation in glioblastoma

Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Glioblastoma（GBM） tumor cells predominantly utilize aerobic glycolysis for the biogenesis of energy and intermediate nutrients. However, in GBM, the clinical significance of glycolysis and its underlying relations with the molecular features such as IDH1 mutation and subtype have not been elucidated yet. Herein, based on glioma datasets including TCGA（The Cancer Genome Atlas）, REMBRANDT（Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data） and GSE16011 we established a glycolytic gene expression signature score（GGESS） by incorporating ten glycolytic genes. Then we performed survival analyses and investigated the correlations between GGESS and IDH1 mutation as well as the molecular subtypes in GBMs. The results showed that GGESS independently predicted unfavorable prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy of GBM patients. Notably, GGESS was high in GBMs of mesenchymal subtype but low in IDH1-mutant GBMs. Furthermore, we found that the promoter regions of tumor-promoting glycolytic genes were hypermethylated in IDH1-mutant GBMs.Finally, we found that high GGESS also predicted poor prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy when investigating IDH1-wild type GBM patients only. Collectively, glycolysis represented by GGESS predicts unfavorable clinical outcome of GBM patients and is closely associated with mesenchymal subtype and IDH1 mutation in GBMs.