Attitude and practice toward physical restraint among psychiatric nurses in Guangdong,China:a cross-sectional survey

Objective:To explore the correlation between nurses’attitude and practice toward physical restraint(PR)in psychiatric settings and identify the factors that influence the use of PR.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted.A self-designed questionnaire containing a PR scale was used to assess the attitude and practice of registered psychiatric nurses in Guangdong,China,from November 1,2018 to December 31,2018.Descriptive statistics,the Mann–Whitney U test,the Kruskal–Wallis test,and ordinal regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:The response rate was 74.6%.The nurses’responses showed neutral attitude and a moderate level of practice regarding the use of PR.Factors such as age,gender,marital status,professional position,nightshift,and the frequency of training programs on PR showed a significant association with nurses’attitude and practice concerning PR(P<0.05).In addition to these factors,this study found that the practice of PR was associated with nurses’attitude toward it(P<0.05).Our results showed that nurses with a largely negative attitude toward PR were more likely to use it(OR=1.91,P<0.001).Conclusions:Clinically,psychiatric nurses with negative attitude are more likely to practice PR.Training and education programs are highly recommended for nursing managers to change the nursing staff’s attitude,since their attitude may have an impact on the PR what they practice.

Occupational burnout in nurses:a concept analysis

Objective:This paper aims to clarify the concept of occupational burnout(OB)as well as develop appropriate methods to relieve or prevent OB in the nursing profession.Methods:Walker and Avant's eight-step approach of concept analysis was applied.Results:OB was defined as a chronic form of work-related stress.Accurately,it was characterized by emotional exhaustion,depersonalization/cynicism,and reduced personal accomplishment/inefficacy.Antecedents of burnout included(a)demographic characteristics;(b)chronic exposure to work-related stressors;(c)quantitative and qualitative job demands;(d)lack of job resources;and(e)personality traits.Consequences involved(a)individual’s unfavorable quality of life;(b)negative impact on the organization;and(c)poor services quality.Although the Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)is perceived as an ideal tool to measure burnout and hence,it is used worldwide,whether this instrument fits to measure this concept for nurses has still not yet been verified and thus further research is needed.Conclusions:By proposing a comprehensive definition of the concept,this analysis contributes to recognition of the process of OB of nurses.All nurses are vulnerable to OB.Hence,burnout in nursing needs to be recognized as a critical factor in the delivery of safe patient care.It proposes that the prevention of OB would be achieved through team communication training,mindfulness group,education,etc.