Triglyceride glucose index predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary angiography

OBJECTIVES To assess the correlation between triglyceride glucose(TyG)index and in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).METHODS A total of 2190 patients with STEMI who underwent primary angiography within 12 h from symptom onset were selected from the prospective,nationwide,multicenter CAMI registry.TyG index was calculated with the formula:Ln[fasting triglycerides(mmol/L)×fasting glucose(mmol/L)/2].Patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of TyG index.The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS Overall,46 patients died during hospitalization,in-hospital mortality was 1.5%,2.2%,2.6%for tertile 1,tertile 2,and tertile 3,respectively.However,TyG index was not significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality in single-variable logistic regression analysis.Nonetheless,after adjusting for age and sex,TyG index was significantly associated with higher mortality when regarded as a continuous variable(adjusted OR=1.75,95%CI:1.16-2.63)or categorical variable(tertile 3 vs.tertile 1:adjus-ted OR=2.50,95%CI:1.14-5.49).Furthermore,TyG index,either as a continuous variable(adjusted OR=2.54,95%CI:1.42-4.54)or categorical variable(tertile 3 vs.tertile 1:adjusted OR=3.57,95%CI:1.24-10.29),was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for multiple confounders in multivariable logistic regression analysis.In subgroup analysis,the pro-gnostic effect of high TyG index was more significant in patients with body mass index<18.5 kg/m2(P interaction=0.006).CONCLUSIONS This study showed that TyG index was positively correlated with in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients who underwent primary angiography,especially in underweight patients.

Effect of vitamin C combined with vitamin E on antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response in patients with hemodialysis

Objective: To study the effect of vitamin C combined with vitamin E on antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response in patients with hemodialysis. Methods: A total of 116 patients with uremia who received hemodialysis in the hospital between December 2014 and January 2017 were collected and divided into control group and observation group by random number table, each with 58 cases. Control group received vitamin C intervention, and observation group received vitamin C combined with vitamin E intervention. The differences in serum levels of antioxidant indexes, pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators were compared between the two groups before intervention and 6 weeks after intervention. Results: Before intervention, serum levels of antioxidant indexes, pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-inflammatory mediators were not significantly different between the two groups. After intervention, serum SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC levels of both groups of patients were higher than those before treatment while IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were lower than those before treatment, and serum SOD, GSH-PX and T-AOC levels of observation group were higher than those of control group while IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Vitamin C combined with vitamin E intervention can effectively enhance the antioxidant capacity and suppress the systemic inflammatory state in patients with hemodialysis.

Protective effect of calcium dobesilate combined with benazepril therapy on renal injury in patients with early diabetic nephropathy and the possible molecular mechanisms

Objective:To explore the protective effect of calcium dobesilate combined with benazepril therapy on renal injury in patients with early diabetic nephropathy and the possible molecular mechanisms.Methods:A total of 50 patients with early diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital between May 2012 and January 2016 were collected, and according to the random number table, the patients were divided into observation group (n=25) and control group (n=25). On the basis of conventional treatment, control group of patients received benazepril therapy, observation group of patients received calcium dobesilate combined with benazepril therapy, and the treatment lasted for 3 months. Before and after treatment, automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of renal injury indexes in peripheral blood, RIA method was used to detect the levels of renal injury indexes in urine, ELISA method was used to detect the levels of renal fibrosis indexes and Western-blot method was used to detect the protein expression of TGF-β1/BMP-7 and Smad signaling pathway molecules in renal tissue. Results: Before treatment, differences in renal injury index levels, renal fibrosis index levels and signaling pathway molecule protein expression were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, BUN, SCr andβ-TP levels in the peripheral blood as well as KIM-1 level in urine of observation group were lower than those of control group;renal fibrosis indexes TGF-β1, CTGF, TIMP-1, LN and HA levels in serum of observation group were lower than those of control group;TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 protein expression in renal tissue of observation group were lower than those of control group while Smad7 and BMP-7 protein expression were higher than those of control group.Conclusion: Calcium dobesilate combined with benazepril therapy can reduce the renal injury and inhibit the fibrosis process in patients with early diabetic nephropathy, and it achieves the above effect by regulating the TGF-β1/BMP-7 and Smad signaling pathway function.

Semaphorin 3A-hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha co-overexpression enhances the osteogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Background:Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells(MSCs)derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)have uniform biological activity,which makes the clinical application of MSCs in bone repair possible.Culturing the iPSC-MSCs onto osteoconductive materials is a promising tissue engineering-based strategy in bone regeneration.The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of semaphorin 3A(Sema3A)and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha(HIF1α)co-overexpression on the survival and osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs.Methods:Sema3A and HIF1αwere linked together with the three(GGGGS;G,glycine;S,serine)peptide fragment,and their co-expression in iPSC-MSCs was mediated by a lentiviral vector.The fusion protein retained the immune reactivity for both Sema3A and HIF1αas determined with Western blotting.iPSC-MSCs were infected with overexpression lentivirus(oeLenti)as negative control,oeLenti-Sema3A,oeLenti-HIF1αor oeLenti-Sema3A-HIF1αlentiviruses.Results:Sema3A overexpression alone promoted the osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs(the activity and/or expression of osteoblast markers,such as alkaline phosphatase,osteopontin,and osteocalcin,were upregulated),and suppressed cell survival.The Sema3A-HIF1αfusion protein showed a comparable osteoconductive effect to that of Sema3A without reducing cell survival.We further seeded iPSC-MSCs modified by SemaA-HIF1αoverexpression onto hydroxyapatite(HA)scaffolds,and evaluated their growth and differentiation on this three-dimensional material.Additional data indicated that,as compared to iPSC-MSCs cultured in ordinary two-dimensional dishes,cells cultured in HA scaffolds grew(blank vs.HA scaffolds:0.83 vs.1.39 for survival)and differentiated better(blank vs.HA scaffolds:11.29 vs.16.62 for alkaline phosphatase activity).Conclusion:Modifying iPSC-MSCs with pro-osteogenic(Sema3A)and pro-survival(HIF1α)factors may represent a promising strategy to optimize tissue engineering-based strategy in bone repair.

针刺通过增加前额叶皮层突触蛋白的表达对两种抑郁症动物模型的快速抗抑郁作用

Objective:To investigate the effect of acupuncture onset time and synaptic structure in two different models of depression.Methods:A total of 150 healthy male adult SPF C57BL/6J mice were divided into five time-point groups:1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h.Each time-point group was further divided into three groups:the model,scopolamine and acupuncture groups with 10 rats each.Rats were given forced swimming stimulation(15 min,once)before the intervention.A total of 200 healthy male adult specific pathogen-free(SPF)Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into 30 normal rats,and 170 modelling ones.A total of 90 rats were successfully modeled,and were randomly divided into three time-point groups:1 h,6 h and 24 h.And each time-point group was further divided into the normal,model,scopolamine,and acupuncture group.Chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)combined with individual feeding was used to establish the depressed rat model.The sucrose preference test(SPT)and open field test(OFT)were used to evaluate the success of the model.There were 10 rats in each group.The acupuncture intervention was performed once for 20 min on"Baihui(GV20)","Yintang(GV29)","Hegu(LI4)",and"Taichong(LR3)"without any other operations for the corresponding animals.Other groups were given corresponding medications.According to different time points,the forced swimming test(FST)was conducted in mice,and the FST and novelty-suppressed feeding test(NSFT)were measured in rats.Monoamine neurotransmitters(NE,DA,DOPAC,5-HT,5-HIAA,HVA)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were detected with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The expression of synapsin I,PSD95,p-mTOR,mTOR,and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was determined by western blot.Results:At the 1 h time point,compared with the model group,the immobility time was significantly decreased in the acupuncture group(P<0.05).At 3 h,6 h,12 h,and 24 h,compared with the model group,the immobility time was significantly reduced in both scopolamine and acupuncture groups(P<0.05).At the 1 h time point,compared with the normal group,the immobility time of FST and the latency to feed were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the immobility time of FST showed a significant reduction in the acupuncture group(P<0.05).At the 6h and 24 h time points,compared with the normal group,the immobility time of FST and the latency to feed were significantly increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the immobility time of FST was significantly decreased in the scopolamine and acupuncture groups(P<0.05).At the 1 h and 24 h time points,compared with the normal group,the expression levels of 5-HT,5-HIAA,NE,DA,DOPAC,and HVA of the prefrontal cortical and hippocampal tissues were significantly reduced in the model group(P<0.05).At the 1 h and 24 h time points,compared with the model group,the expression levels of synapsin I,PSD95,p-mTOR,and BDNF of the prefrontal cortex were significantly increased in the acupuncture group(P<0.05).At the 1 h and 24 h time points,compared with the normal group,the expression levels of synapsin I,PSD95,p-mTOR,and BDNF of the prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the expression levels of synapsin I,PSD95,p-mTOR,and BDNF of the prefrontal cortex were significantly increased in the acupuncture group(P<0.05).At the 1 h and 24 h time points,compared with the normal group,the expression levels of synapsin I,PSD95,p-mTOR,and BDNF of the hippocampal tissues were significantly reduced in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the expression levels of synapsin I,PSD95,p-mTOR,and BDNF of the hippocampus were not significantly different in the acupuncture group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture may play a rapid antidepressant effect by increasing the expression of synaptic plasticity proteins in the prefrontal cortex.