Intermediate phase-assisted growth of CsPbBr_(3) for high performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells

CsPbBr_(3)inorganic perovskites have been regarded as the promising materials in the field of photo-voltaics because of the high tolerance against environment.The high energy barrier of phase transition from lead bromide(PbBr_(2))to CsPbBr_(3)perovskite and low solubility of perovskite in organic solvent impede the further improvement of device performance in terms of CsPbBr_(3)solar cells.Herein,an intermediate phase-assisted growth of CsPbBr_(3)perovskite was proposed by introducing tetraphenylphosphonium bromide(TPPB)as additive.The TPPB is expected to react with PbBr_(2)in organic solvent to form an intermediate phase of[TPPB.DMF]-PbBr_(2),which not only effectively improves the crystallinity of PbBr2 crystals,but also greatly reduces the phase transition energy barrier,leading to uniform and compact CsPbBr_(3)perovskite films with large grain size and high crystallinity.In combination with carbon electrode,the CsPbBr_(3)solar cells yield a champion device performance of 9.57%in comparison of pristine CsPbBr_(3)solar cells showing a low efficiency of 8.17%.Furthermore,the intermediate phaseassisted growth of CsPbBr_(3)-based solar cells displays an outstanding storage over720 h.

Scavenging activity and mechanism study of ferulic acid against reactive carbonyl species acrolein

Acrolein,known as one of the most common reactive carbonyl species,is a toxic small molecule affecting human health in daily life.This study is focused on the scavenging abilities and mechanism of ferulic acid and some other phenolic acids against acrolein.Among the 13 phenolic compounds investigated,ferulic acid was found to have the highest efficiency in scavenging acrolein under physiological 8nditions.Ferulic acid remained at(3.04±1.89)%and acrolein remained at(29.51±4.44)%after being incubated with each other for 24 h.The molecular mechanism of the detoxifying process was also studied.Detoxifying products,namely 2-methoxy-4-vinyIphenol(product 21)and 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)pent-4-enal(product 22),were identified though nuclear magnetic resonanee(NMR)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),after the scavenging process.Ferulic acid showed significant activity in scavenging acrolein under physiological conditions.This study indicates a new method for inhibiting damage from acrolein.