In evolutionary games,most studies on finite populations have focused on a single updating mechanism.However,given the differences in individual cognition,individuals may change their strategies according to different...In evolutionary games,most studies on finite populations have focused on a single updating mechanism.However,given the differences in individual cognition,individuals may change their strategies according to different updating mechanisms.For this reason,we consider two different aspiration-driven updating mechanisms in structured populations:satisfied-stay unsatisfied shift(SSUS)and satisfied-cooperate unsatisfied defect(SCUD).To simulate the game player’s learning process,this paper improves the particle swarm optimization algorithm,which will be used to simulate the game player’s strategy selection,i.e.,population particle swarm optimization(PPSO)algorithms.We find that in the prisoner’s dilemma,the conditions that SSUS facilitates the evolution of cooperation do not enable cooperation to emerge.In contrast,SCUD conditions that promote the evolution of cooperation enable cooperation to emerge.In addition,the invasion of SCUD individuals helps promote cooperation among SSUS individuals.Simulated by the PPSO algorithm,the theoretical approximation results are found to be consistent with the trend of change in the simulation results.展开更多
AIM:To observe effects of trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma.·METHODS:This study inc...AIM:To observe effects of trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma.·METHODS:This study included adult patients with requiring bilateral glaucoma surgery.Each patient underwent trabeculectomy(Non-AMT group) in one eye and with AMT(AMT group) in the other eye according to randomized principle.Success was defined as intraocular pressure(IOP) 【21mmHg without any anti-glaucoma medications at 24 months follow-up.The two groups were compared in terms of IOP,complications and success rate.·RESULTS:Thirty-four eyes of 17 patients were investigated in this study.There was no statistically signifcant difference in pre-operative IOP between the two groups.The mean IOP was lower in AMT group compared with Non-AMT group on follow up months 12,18,and 24.Postoperative complications were more frequent in Non-AMT group(35.3%,6/17) compared with AMT group(5.9%,1/17).The success rate of surgery was88.2%(15/17) in Non-AMT group and 100%(17/17) in AMT group.·CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with AMT is an effective procedure to reduce IOP and complications,thereby improving surgical success rates.展开更多
The luminescence intensity regulation of organic light-emitting transistor(OLED)device can be achieved effectively by the combination of graphene vertical field effect transistor(GVFET)and OLED.In this paper,we fabric...The luminescence intensity regulation of organic light-emitting transistor(OLED)device can be achieved effectively by the combination of graphene vertical field effect transistor(GVFET)and OLED.In this paper,we fabricate and characterize the graphene vertical field-effect transistor with gate dielectric of ion-gel film,confirming that its current switching ratio reaches up to 102.Because of the property of high light transmittance in ion-gel film,the OLED device prepared with graphene/PEDOT:PSS as composite anode exhibits good optical properties.We also prepare the graphene vertical organic light-emitting field effect transistor(GVOLEFET)by the combination of GVFET and graphene OLED,analyzing its electrical and optical properties,and confirming that the luminescence intensity can be significantly changed by regulating the gate voltage.展开更多
Magnetism in two-dimensional(2D)materials has attracted much attention recently.However,intrinsic magnetic 2D materials are rare and mostly unstable in ambient.Although heteroatom doping can introduce magnetism,the ba...Magnetism in two-dimensional(2D)materials has attracted much attention recently.However,intrinsic magnetic 2D materials are rare and mostly unstable in ambient.Although heteroatom doping can introduce magnetism,the basic property especially the electrical-magnetic coupling property has been rarely revealed.Herein,both iron(Fe)-doped and vanadium(V)-doped MoSfilms were grown by chemical vapor deposition.Through studying the structure and electrical property of Fe-doped and V-doped MoS,it was found that both Fe and V doping would decrease the electron concentration,exhibiting a p-type doping effect.Significantly,V-doped MoSdisplays a p-type conduction behavior.Although the carrier mobility decreases after heteroatom doping,both Fe and V doping could endow MoSwith magnetism,in which the transfer curves of both MoStransistors exhibit a strong magneticdependent behavior.It is found that the magnetic response of Fe-doped MoScan be tuned from~0.2 nA/T to~1.3 nA/T,with the tunability much larger than that of V-doped MoS.At last,the magnetic mechanism is discussed with the local magnetic property performed by magnetic force microscopy.The typical morphology-independent magnetic signal demonstrates the formed magnetic domain structure in Fe-doped MoS.This study opens new potential to design novel magnetic-electrical devices.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells, a human r...AIM: To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines, were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 for 24h, then cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay to get the properly concentration of H2O2 which can induce half apoptosis of APRE-19. With different concentrations of LBP pretreatment, the ARPE-19 cells were then exposed to appropriate concentration of H2O2, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique.RSULTS: LBP significantly reduced the H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells’ apoptosis. LBP inhibited the H2O2-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.CONCLUSION: LBP could protect ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family had relationship with the protective effects of LBP.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Doctoral Foundation Project of Guizhou University(Grant No.(2019)49)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71961003)the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province(Grant No.7223)。
文摘In evolutionary games,most studies on finite populations have focused on a single updating mechanism.However,given the differences in individual cognition,individuals may change their strategies according to different updating mechanisms.For this reason,we consider two different aspiration-driven updating mechanisms in structured populations:satisfied-stay unsatisfied shift(SSUS)and satisfied-cooperate unsatisfied defect(SCUD).To simulate the game player’s learning process,this paper improves the particle swarm optimization algorithm,which will be used to simulate the game player’s strategy selection,i.e.,population particle swarm optimization(PPSO)algorithms.We find that in the prisoner’s dilemma,the conditions that SSUS facilitates the evolution of cooperation do not enable cooperation to emerge.In contrast,SCUD conditions that promote the evolution of cooperation enable cooperation to emerge.In addition,the invasion of SCUD individuals helps promote cooperation among SSUS individuals.Simulated by the PPSO algorithm,the theoretical approximation results are found to be consistent with the trend of change in the simulation results.
基金2011 Guangdong Province Natural Science Fund,China (No.S2011010004186)National Basic Research Program of China (973 program,2011CB707501)
文摘AIM:To observe effects of trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) in controlling postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma.·METHODS:This study included adult patients with requiring bilateral glaucoma surgery.Each patient underwent trabeculectomy(Non-AMT group) in one eye and with AMT(AMT group) in the other eye according to randomized principle.Success was defined as intraocular pressure(IOP) 【21mmHg without any anti-glaucoma medications at 24 months follow-up.The two groups were compared in terms of IOP,complications and success rate.·RESULTS:Thirty-four eyes of 17 patients were investigated in this study.There was no statistically signifcant difference in pre-operative IOP between the two groups.The mean IOP was lower in AMT group compared with Non-AMT group on follow up months 12,18,and 24.Postoperative complications were more frequent in Non-AMT group(35.3%,6/17) compared with AMT group(5.9%,1/17).The success rate of surgery was88.2%(15/17) in Non-AMT group and 100%(17/17) in AMT group.·CONCLUSION:Trabeculectomy with AMT is an effective procedure to reduce IOP and complications,thereby improving surgical success rates.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872901)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0501602).
文摘The luminescence intensity regulation of organic light-emitting transistor(OLED)device can be achieved effectively by the combination of graphene vertical field effect transistor(GVFET)and OLED.In this paper,we fabricate and characterize the graphene vertical field-effect transistor with gate dielectric of ion-gel film,confirming that its current switching ratio reaches up to 102.Because of the property of high light transmittance in ion-gel film,the OLED device prepared with graphene/PEDOT:PSS as composite anode exhibits good optical properties.We also prepare the graphene vertical organic light-emitting field effect transistor(GVOLEFET)by the combination of GVFET and graphene OLED,analyzing its electrical and optical properties,and confirming that the luminescence intensity can be significantly changed by regulating the gate voltage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52002254the Sichuan Science and Technology Foundation under Grants No.2020YJ0262,No.2021YFH0127,and No.2022YFH0083+4 种基金the Chunhui Plan of Ministry of EducationFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.YJ201893the Open-Foundation of Key Laboratory of Laser Device TechnologyChina North Industries Group Corporation Limited under Grant No.KLLDT202104the Open-Foundation of State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials under Grant No.2019-Z03。
文摘Magnetism in two-dimensional(2D)materials has attracted much attention recently.However,intrinsic magnetic 2D materials are rare and mostly unstable in ambient.Although heteroatom doping can introduce magnetism,the basic property especially the electrical-magnetic coupling property has been rarely revealed.Herein,both iron(Fe)-doped and vanadium(V)-doped MoSfilms were grown by chemical vapor deposition.Through studying the structure and electrical property of Fe-doped and V-doped MoS,it was found that both Fe and V doping would decrease the electron concentration,exhibiting a p-type doping effect.Significantly,V-doped MoSdisplays a p-type conduction behavior.Although the carrier mobility decreases after heteroatom doping,both Fe and V doping could endow MoSwith magnetism,in which the transfer curves of both MoStransistors exhibit a strong magneticdependent behavior.It is found that the magnetic response of Fe-doped MoScan be tuned from~0.2 nA/T to~1.3 nA/T,with the tunability much larger than that of V-doped MoS.At last,the magnetic mechanism is discussed with the local magnetic property performed by magnetic force microscopy.The typical morphology-independent magnetic signal demonstrates the formed magnetic domain structure in Fe-doped MoS.This study opens new potential to design novel magnetic-electrical devices.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 program,No.2011CB707501)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.S2013010016037)
文摘AIM: To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines, were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 for 24h, then cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay to get the properly concentration of H2O2 which can induce half apoptosis of APRE-19. With different concentrations of LBP pretreatment, the ARPE-19 cells were then exposed to appropriate concentration of H2O2, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis. Expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique.RSULTS: LBP significantly reduced the H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells’ apoptosis. LBP inhibited the H2O2-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax.CONCLUSION: LBP could protect ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family had relationship with the protective effects of LBP.