AIM To examine the effects of aspirin and enoxaparin on liver function, coagulation index and histopathology in a rat model of liver fibrosis.METHODS Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the ...AIM To examine the effects of aspirin and enoxaparin on liver function, coagulation index and histopathology in a rat model of liver fibrosis.METHODS Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group(n = 5) and model group(n = 40). Thioacetamide(TAA) was used to induce liver fibrosis in the model group. TAA-induced fibrotic rats received TAA continuously(n = 9), TAA + low-dose aspirin(n = 9), TAA + high-dose aspirin(n = 9) or TAA + enoxaparin(n = 9) for 4 wk. All rats were euthanized after 4 wk, and both hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were performed to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. RESULTS Liver fibrosis was assessed according to the METAVIR score. Compared with untreated cirrhotic controls, a significant improvement in fibrosis grade was observed in the low-dose aspirin, high-dose aspirin and enoxaparin treated groups, especially in the high-dose aspirin treated group. Alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were higher, albumin was lower and both prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were prolonged in the four treatment groups compared to controls. No significant differences among the four groups were observed.CONCLUSION Aspirin and enoxaparin can alleviate liver fibrosis in this rat model.展开更多
Support vector machines(SVMs)have been recognized as a powerful tool to perform linear classification.When combined with the sparsity-inducing nonconvex penalty,SVMs can perform classification and variable selection s...Support vector machines(SVMs)have been recognized as a powerful tool to perform linear classification.When combined with the sparsity-inducing nonconvex penalty,SVMs can perform classification and variable selection simultaneously.However,the nonconvex penalized SVMs in general cannot be solved globally and efficiently due to their nondifferentiability,nonconvexity,and nonsmoothness.Existing solutions to the nonconvex penalized SVMs typically solve this problem in a serial fashion,which are unable to fully use the parallel computing power of modern multi-core machines.On the other hand,the fact that many real-world data are stored in a distributed manner urgently calls for a parallel and distributed solution to the nonconvex penalized SVMs.To circumvent this challenge,we propose an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)based algorithm that solves the nonconvex penalized SVMs in a parallel and distributed way.We design many useful techniques to decrease the computation and synchronization cost of the proposed parallel algorithm.The time complexity analysis demonstrates the low time complexity of the proposed parallel algorithm.Moreover,the convergence of the parallel algorithm is guaranteed.Experimental evaluations on four LIBSVM benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed parallel algorithm.展开更多
Background：The hedgehog signaling system （HHS） plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during the embryonic phases.However,little is known about the involvement of HHS in...Background：The hedgehog signaling system （HHS） plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during the embryonic phases.However,little is known about the involvement of HHS in the malignant transformation of cells.This study aimed to detect the role of HHS in the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial （16HBE） cells.Methods：In this study,two microfluidic chips were designed to investigate cigarette smoke extract （CSE）-induced malignant transformation of cells.Chip A contained a concentration gradient generator,while chip B had four cell chambers with a central channel.The 16HBE cells cultured in chip A were used to determine the optimal concentration of CSE for inducing malignant transformation.The 16HBE cells in chip B were cultured with 12.25% CSE （Group A）,12.25% CSE ± 5 μmol/L cyclopamine （Group B）,or normal complete medium as control for 8 months （Group C）,to establish the in vitro lung inflammatory-cancer transformation model.The transformed cells were inoculated into 20 nude mice as cells alone （Group 1） or cells with cyclopamine （Group 2） for tumorigenesis testing.Expression of HHS proteins was detected by Western blot.Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.The t-test was used for paired samples,and the difference among groups was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance.Results：The optimal concentration of CSE was 12.25%.Expression of HHS proteins increased during the process of malignant transformation （Group B vs.Group A,F =7.65,P 〈 0.05）.After CSE exposure for 8 months,there were significant changes in cellular morphology,which allowed the transformed cells to grow into tumors in 40 days after being inoculated into nude mice.Cyclopamine could effectively depress the expression of HHS proteins （Group C vs.Group B,F =6.47,P 〈 0.05） and prevent tumor growth in nude mice （Group 2 vs.Group 1,t=31.59,P〈 0.01）.Conclusions：The activity of HHS is upregulated during the CSE-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells.Cyclopamine can effectively depress expression of HHS proteins in vitro and prevent tumor growth of the transformed cells in vivo.展开更多
基金Project(51504299)supported by the National Science Found for Young Scientists of ChinaProject(2012GS430101)supported by the National Science and Technology Program for Public Wellbeing,China
基金Projects(51304251,51504299)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(201509050)supported by Special Program on Environmental Protection for Public Welfare,China
基金Project(2012GS430203)supported by Science and Technology Program for Public Wellbeing,ChinaProject(51504299)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015WK3016)supported by Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province,China
基金Project(2018SK2044)supported by the Innovation Program of Science&Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(51304250)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
基金the financial supports from the Key R&D Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2018SK2026)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1802204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51634010).
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20267)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFC1808002,2021YFC1809203)。
文摘AIM To examine the effects of aspirin and enoxaparin on liver function, coagulation index and histopathology in a rat model of liver fibrosis.METHODS Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group(n = 5) and model group(n = 40). Thioacetamide(TAA) was used to induce liver fibrosis in the model group. TAA-induced fibrotic rats received TAA continuously(n = 9), TAA + low-dose aspirin(n = 9), TAA + high-dose aspirin(n = 9) or TAA + enoxaparin(n = 9) for 4 wk. All rats were euthanized after 4 wk, and both hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were performed to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. RESULTS Liver fibrosis was assessed according to the METAVIR score. Compared with untreated cirrhotic controls, a significant improvement in fibrosis grade was observed in the low-dose aspirin, high-dose aspirin and enoxaparin treated groups, especially in the high-dose aspirin treated group. Alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were higher, albumin was lower and both prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were prolonged in the four treatment groups compared to controls. No significant differences among the four groups were observed.CONCLUSION Aspirin and enoxaparin can alleviate liver fibrosis in this rat model.
基金Project supported by the Major State Research Development Program,China(No.2016YFB0201305)。
文摘Support vector machines(SVMs)have been recognized as a powerful tool to perform linear classification.When combined with the sparsity-inducing nonconvex penalty,SVMs can perform classification and variable selection simultaneously.However,the nonconvex penalized SVMs in general cannot be solved globally and efficiently due to their nondifferentiability,nonconvexity,and nonsmoothness.Existing solutions to the nonconvex penalized SVMs typically solve this problem in a serial fashion,which are unable to fully use the parallel computing power of modern multi-core machines.On the other hand,the fact that many real-world data are stored in a distributed manner urgently calls for a parallel and distributed solution to the nonconvex penalized SVMs.To circumvent this challenge,we propose an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)based algorithm that solves the nonconvex penalized SVMs in a parallel and distributed way.We design many useful techniques to decrease the computation and synchronization cost of the proposed parallel algorithm.The time complexity analysis demonstrates the low time complexity of the proposed parallel algorithm.Moreover,the convergence of the parallel algorithm is guaranteed.Experimental evaluations on four LIBSVM benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed parallel algorithm.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 91129733, No. 81071228, and No. 81330060） and the Special Fund for Health-Scientific Research in the Public Interest Program from National Health and Family Planning Commission （No. 201202011）.
文摘Background：The hedgehog signaling system （HHS） plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation during the embryonic phases.However,little is known about the involvement of HHS in the malignant transformation of cells.This study aimed to detect the role of HHS in the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial （16HBE） cells.Methods：In this study,two microfluidic chips were designed to investigate cigarette smoke extract （CSE）-induced malignant transformation of cells.Chip A contained a concentration gradient generator,while chip B had four cell chambers with a central channel.The 16HBE cells cultured in chip A were used to determine the optimal concentration of CSE for inducing malignant transformation.The 16HBE cells in chip B were cultured with 12.25% CSE （Group A）,12.25% CSE ± 5 μmol/L cyclopamine （Group B）,or normal complete medium as control for 8 months （Group C）,to establish the in vitro lung inflammatory-cancer transformation model.The transformed cells were inoculated into 20 nude mice as cells alone （Group 1） or cells with cyclopamine （Group 2） for tumorigenesis testing.Expression of HHS proteins was detected by Western blot.Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.The t-test was used for paired samples,and the difference among groups was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance.Results：The optimal concentration of CSE was 12.25%.Expression of HHS proteins increased during the process of malignant transformation （Group B vs.Group A,F =7.65,P 〈 0.05）.After CSE exposure for 8 months,there were significant changes in cellular morphology,which allowed the transformed cells to grow into tumors in 40 days after being inoculated into nude mice.Cyclopamine could effectively depress the expression of HHS proteins （Group C vs.Group B,F =6.47,P 〈 0.05） and prevent tumor growth in nude mice （Group 2 vs.Group 1,t=31.59,P〈 0.01）.Conclusions：The activity of HHS is upregulated during the CSE-induced malignant transformation of 16HBE cells.Cyclopamine can effectively depress expression of HHS proteins in vitro and prevent tumor growth of the transformed cells in vivo.
