AIM:To assess the outcomes of ampulla dilation with different sized balloons to remove common bile duct (CBD) stones.METHODS:Patients (n=208) were divided into five groups based on the largest CBD stone size of < 5...AIM:To assess the outcomes of ampulla dilation with different sized balloons to remove common bile duct (CBD) stones.METHODS:Patients (n=208) were divided into five groups based on the largest CBD stone size of < 5,6-8,8-12,12-14,and > 14 mm.Patients underwent limited endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) alone or limited EST followed by endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with 8,10,12 and 14 mm balloons,such that the size of each balloon did not exceed the size of the CBD.Short-and long-term outcomes,such as post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis,perforation,bleeding,and pneumobilia were compared among the five groups.RESULTS:The overall rate of successful stone removal in all groups was 100%,and all patients were cured.Eight (3.85%) patients had post-ERCP pancreatitis,none had perforations,and 6 (2.9%) had bleeding re-quiring transfusion.There were no significant differences in early complication rates among the five groups.We observed significant correlations between increased balloon size and the short-and long-term rates of postERCP pneumobilia.Post-ERCP pancreatitis and bleeding correlated significantly with age,with post-ERCP pancreatitis occurring more frequently in patients aged < 60 years,and bleeding occurring more frequently in patients aged > 70 years.We observed a significant correlation between patient age and the diameter of the largest CBD stone,with stones > 12 mm occurring more frequently in patients > 60 years old.CONCLUSION:Choosing a balloon size based on the largest stone diameter is safe and effective for removing CBD stones.Balloon size should not exceed 15 mm.展开更多
Cd-free kesterite structured solar cells are currently attracting attention because they are environmentally friendly. It is reported that Zn(O,S) can be used as a buffer layer in these solar cells. However, the band ...Cd-free kesterite structured solar cells are currently attracting attention because they are environmentally friendly. It is reported that Zn(O,S) can be used as a buffer layer in these solar cells. However, the band alignment is not clear and the carrier concentration of Zn(O,S) layer is low. In this study, the band alignment of the Zn(O,S)/Cu_2 ZnSnSe_4 p–n junction solar cell and the effect of In_2 S_3/Zn(O,S) double buffer layer are studied by numerically simulation with wxAMPS software.By optimizing the band gap structure between Zn(O,S) buffer layer and Cu_2 ZnSnSe_4 absorber layer and enhancing the carrier concentration of Zn(O,S) layer, the device efficiency can be improved greatly. The value of CBO is in a range of 0 eV–0.4 eV for S/(S + O)= 0.6–0.8 in Zn(O,S). The In_2 S_3 is mainly used to increase the carrier concentration when it is used as a buffer layer together with Zn(O,S).展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau,No.201104369
文摘AIM:To assess the outcomes of ampulla dilation with different sized balloons to remove common bile duct (CBD) stones.METHODS:Patients (n=208) were divided into five groups based on the largest CBD stone size of < 5,6-8,8-12,12-14,and > 14 mm.Patients underwent limited endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) alone or limited EST followed by endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with 8,10,12 and 14 mm balloons,such that the size of each balloon did not exceed the size of the CBD.Short-and long-term outcomes,such as post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis,perforation,bleeding,and pneumobilia were compared among the five groups.RESULTS:The overall rate of successful stone removal in all groups was 100%,and all patients were cured.Eight (3.85%) patients had post-ERCP pancreatitis,none had perforations,and 6 (2.9%) had bleeding re-quiring transfusion.There were no significant differences in early complication rates among the five groups.We observed significant correlations between increased balloon size and the short-and long-term rates of postERCP pneumobilia.Post-ERCP pancreatitis and bleeding correlated significantly with age,with post-ERCP pancreatitis occurring more frequently in patients aged < 60 years,and bleeding occurring more frequently in patients aged > 70 years.We observed a significant correlation between patient age and the diameter of the largest CBD stone,with stones > 12 mm occurring more frequently in patients > 60 years old.CONCLUSION:Choosing a balloon size based on the largest stone diameter is safe and effective for removing CBD stones.Balloon size should not exceed 15 mm.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51572132,61674082,and 61774089)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1500202)+1 种基金the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of Key Project of China(Grant Nos.16JCZDJC30700and 18JCZDJC31200)the 111 Project,China(Grant No.B16027)
文摘Cd-free kesterite structured solar cells are currently attracting attention because they are environmentally friendly. It is reported that Zn(O,S) can be used as a buffer layer in these solar cells. However, the band alignment is not clear and the carrier concentration of Zn(O,S) layer is low. In this study, the band alignment of the Zn(O,S)/Cu_2 ZnSnSe_4 p–n junction solar cell and the effect of In_2 S_3/Zn(O,S) double buffer layer are studied by numerically simulation with wxAMPS software.By optimizing the band gap structure between Zn(O,S) buffer layer and Cu_2 ZnSnSe_4 absorber layer and enhancing the carrier concentration of Zn(O,S) layer, the device efficiency can be improved greatly. The value of CBO is in a range of 0 eV–0.4 eV for S/(S + O)= 0.6–0.8 in Zn(O,S). The In_2 S_3 is mainly used to increase the carrier concentration when it is used as a buffer layer together with Zn(O,S).
