高温下Al_(3)Zr颗粒对Al-Cu-Li基合金的热变形行为以及加工图的影响

采用等温平面压缩试验研究Al3Zr颗粒在不同温度(400~500℃)以及应变速率(0.01~10 s^?1)条件下对Al?Cu?Li基合金热压缩行为以及加工图的影响。通过金相观察(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)以及透射电镜(TEM)系统地表征不同变形条件下合金的显微组织。结果表明,在软化过程中相对于动态再结晶,动态回复起主导作用。在低温条件下,亚稳态Al3Zr颗粒能够有效抑制动态回复以及动态再结晶的长大。当温度达到500℃时,晶界附近的Al3Zr颗粒发生熔解,随Zr元素在晶界快速扩散,Al3Zr颗粒在晶界再次析出,并呈链状分布。这些链状分布的Al3Zr颗粒在热变形过程中导致宏观裂纹,在加工图中形成不安全区域(490~500℃,0.01 s^?1)。

Gai1/3 mediation of Akt-mTOR activation is important for RSPO3-induced angiogenesis

Dear Editor,R-spondin3(RSPO3)is essential for vascular development and angiogenesis.Analyzing RSPO3-knockout embryos revealed severe vascular defects in the placenta(Aoki et al.2007).In both Xenopus and murine embryos,RSPO3 KO led to significant vascular defects(Kazanskaya et al.2008)and embryonic death(Kazanskaya et al.2008).In the placenta,RSPO3 could promote vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression(Kazanskaya et al.2008).RSPO3 is a ligand of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6(LRP6)and leucine-rich repeat G protein-coupled receptor 4(LGR4)to form a multiple ligands-receptors-cluster with Wnt and frizzled(FzD),thereby activating and amplifying downstreamβ-catenin signaling(in and Yoon 2012;Tocci et al.2020).

Quasi-two-body decays B_(c)→D^(*)h→Dπh in perturbative QCD

In this work,we investigate the quasi-two-body decays B_(c)→D^(*)h→Dπhwithh=(K^(0),π^(0),η,η′)using the perturbative QCD(PQCD)approach.The description of final state interactions of the Dπpair is achieved through the two-meson distribution amplitudes(DAs),which are normalized to the time-like form factor.The PQCD predictions on the branching ratios of the quasi-two-body decays B_(c)→D^(*)h→Dπh show an obvious hierarchy:Br(B^(+)_(c)→D^(∗+)K^(0)→D^(0)π^(+)K^(0))=(5.22^(+0.86)_(-0.74))×10^(-6),Br(B^(+)_(c)→D^(∗+)π^(0)→D^(0)π^(+)π^(0))=(0.93±0.26)×10^(-7),Br(B^(+)_(c)→D^(∗+)η→D^(0)π^(+)η)=(2.83^(+0.59)_(-0.52))×10^(-8)and Br(B^(+)_(c)→D^(∗+)η′→D^(0)π^(+)η′)=(1.89+0.40-0.36)×10^(-8).From the invariant mass m Dπ-dependence of the decay spectrum for each channel,one can find that the branching fraction is concentrated in a narrow region around the D*pole mass.Thus,one can obtain the branching ratios for the corresponding two-body decays B_(c)→D^(*+)h under the narrow-width approximation.We find that the branching ratios of the decays B_(c)→D^(*+)h are consistent with the previous PQCD calculations within errors.These predictions will be tested in future experiments.

Insights into the nature of X(3872)through B meson decays

We study the Bc,u,d→X(3872)P decays in the perturbative QCD(PQCD)approach,involving the puzzling resonance X(3872),where P represents a light pseudoscalar meson(K orπ).Assuming X(3872)to be a 1++charmonium state,we obtain the following results.(a)The branching ratios of the Bc+→X(3872)π+and Bc+→X(3872)K+decays are consistent with the results predicted by the covariant light-front approach within errors;however,they are larger than those given by the generalized factorization approach.(b)The branching ratio of the B+→X(3872)K+decay is predicted as(3.8-1.0+1.1)×10-4,which is smaller than the previous PQCD calculation result but still slightly larger than the upper limits set by Belle and BaBar.Hence,we suggest that the B0,+→X(3872)K0,+decays should be precisely measured by the LHCb and Belle II experiments to help probe the inner structure of X(3872).(c)Compared with the Bu,d→X(3872)K decays,the Bu,d→X(3872)πdecays have significantly smaller branching ratios,which drop to values as low as 10-6.(d)The direct CP violations of these considered decays are small(10-3~10-2)because the penguin contributions are loop suppressed compared to the tree contributions.The mixing-induced CP violation of the B→X(3872)K0S decay is highly consistent with the current world average value sin 2β=(69.9±1.7)%.Experimentally testing the results for the branching ratios and CP violations,including the implicit SU(3)and isospin symmetries of these decays,helps probe the nature of X(3872).

YME1L overexpression exerts pro-tumorigenic activity in glioma by promoting Gai1 expression and Akt activation

DearEditor,Identifying novel glioma-driven signaling molecules and exploring the corresponding molecularly targeted therapies are essential for better and effcient glioma therapy.YME1L(YME1 Like 1 ATPase),a primary member of the AAA family of ATPase,is located at the inner mitochondrial membrane(Anand et al.,2014;MacVicar et al.,2019;Ohba et al.,2020).YME1L is essential for maintaining mitochondrial morphology,function,and plasticity(Anand et al.,2014;MacVicar et al.,2019;Ohba et al.,2020).YME1L assembles into a homo-oligomeric complex within the inner mitochondrial membrane(Anand et al.,2014;MacVicar et al.,2019;Ohba et al.,2020).Moreover,YME1L can degrade mitochondrial proteins,including lipid-transferring proteins,IM translocation proteins.

Effect and Signaling Pathways of Nelumbinis Folium in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia Assessed by Network Pharmacology

Objective:In this study,the effects and signaling pathways of Nelumbinis folium in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were analyzed based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The main components and targets of Nelumbinis folium were searched through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP),and the active components were selected according to their oral availability and drug-like properties.The main targets of hyperlipidemia were identified using the Dis Ge NET database.Venny 2.1.0 was used to take the intersection of both targets,which were submitted to the STRING database to construct the protein-protein interaction network model.The Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery 6.7 was used to conduct gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses of the targets.Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct the component-target-pathway network.Auto Dock Vina molecular docking software was used to study the binding effect and mechanism of the core components and targets of N.folium.Results:Fifteen active components of N.folium and 195 potential targets were selected through TCMSP,whereas 4216 targets for hyperlipidemia were selected from Dis Ge NET.Further,138 potential cross-targets of hyperlipidemia were identified.A network of component-target-pathway was constructed.Quercetin,kaempferol,and isorhamnetin were the core components,which played an important role in anti-hyperlipidemia,mainly through the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance(IR)signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed that quercetin had the lowest docking energies with peroxisome proliferator activated receptorα,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,INSR-6.20,-10.00,and-8.40(kcal/mol,respectively).The binding mode was mainly hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.Conclusions:The active components of N.folium may regulate lipid metabolism by participating in the signaling pathways of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and IR.

Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Danhe Granules against Hyperlipidemia by Means of Network Pharmacology and Verified by Preliminary Experiments

Objective:This study explored the multicomponent,multitarget,and multipathway mechanism of Danhe granules(DG)against hyperlipidemia through network pharmacology.The relevant targets and pathways were verified by preliminary experiments.Methods:The active components of DG were selected by TCMSP and TCMIP database,and the component-target network diagram was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1.The protein–protein interaction network of targets was constructed and core targets were screened out by STRING11.0 database.Metascape database and Cytoscape 3.7.1 were used to enrich the target and establish a hyperlipidemia model in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats to detect blood lipid and oxidative stress indexes and observed pathological changes of aorta by H and E staining.Results:The results showed that a total of seven active components of DG were screened out,including quercetin,sitosterol,luteolin,kaempferol,etc.There were 127 corresponding targets,including AKT1,tumor necrosis factor,TP53,interleukin-6,RELA,vascular endothelial growth factor,superoxide dismutases,and catalase.It is mainly involved in biological processes such as drug response,regulation of apoptosis,redox reaction,and lipid reaction.There were 573 signal pathways corresponding to the target,including HIF-1 signal pathway,TNF signal pathway,VEGF signal pathway,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,etc.The experiment verified that DG can reduce the blood lipid of SD rats by regulating the process of oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study made a preliminary study on the pharmacological mechanism of DG against hyperlipidemia and laid the foundation for the research and development of new drugs and subsequent in-depth research.

Quasi-two-body B_((s))→K^(*)γ→Kπγ decays in the perturbative QCD approach

In this study,we investigate quasi-two-body B_((s))→K^(*)γ→Kπγ decays in the perturbative QCD approach.Two-meson distribution amplitudes are introduced to describe the final state interactions of the Kπpair,which involve time-like form factors and Gegenbauer polynomials.We calculate the CP averaged branching ratios of the B_((s))→K^(*)γ→Kπγ decays.Our results are in agreement with newly updated data measured by Belle Ⅱ.This suggests that it is more appropriate to analyze these quasi-two-body B decays in the three-body framework than the two-body framework.We also predict direct CP asymmetries for the considered decay modes and find that A_CP(B_(u,d)→K^(*)γ→Kπγ) is small and less than 1% in magnitude,whereas A_CP(B_(s)→K^(*)γ→Kπγ)is larger and can reach a few percent.Our predictions can be tested in future B meson experiments.

Mechanism Exploration of the Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Huoluo Xiaoling Pill in Clinical Treatment and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory“Treating Different Diseases with the Same Method”:A Network Pharmacology Study and Molecula Docking Verification

Objective: To analyze the possible mechanism of the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill in the treatment of three diseases, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, and to provide ideas for learning the mechanism of “Treating different diseases with the same method” in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) theory. Materials and Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Uni Prot databases were used to screen the main ingredients and targets of the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill. The Gene Cards database was used to screen the targets of the diseases, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct a “Drug-Components-Targets-Disease” network to determine the core components. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein-interaction network, and gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics enrichment analyses were carried out on the Metascape database. Auto Dock 1.5.6 was used for molecular docking. Results: A total of 118 active components and 208 targets were screened in the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill. Quercetin, tanshinone IIA, luteolin, and ellagic acid were potential core components of Huoluo Xiaoling Pill treating the three diseases, and interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor were potential key targets. Co-occurring GO biological processes involved responses to the molecules of bacterial origin, and the AGE-RAGE signaling, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis pathways were the co-occurring pathways. Molecular docking revealed good docking conditions between screened targets and components. Conclusion: This study predicted the mechanism of the Huoluo Xiaoling Pill in treating the three diseases. At the same time, the co-occurring targets and pathways between the three diseases provided a material basis for the TCM theory, “Treating different diseases with the same method.”