Cigarette smoking,body mass index associated with the risks of age-related cataract in male patients in northeast China

AIM: To determine the association between cigarettes smoking, body mass index (BMI) and the risk of age-related cataract (ARC) in middle-aged and elderly men in Northeast China. METHODS: A hospital-based case control study was conducted. Cases (n =362) were men who had surgically treated ARC, 45-85 years old; controls frequency-matched (n=362) were men who had been admitted to the same hospital as cases for other diseases not related with eye diseases. Cases and controls were matched with 1:1. The cases and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay, using a structured interviewer-administrated questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic, lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, etc.), anthropometric measures, personal medical history, and family history of ARC in first-degree relatives, and simultaneously BMI was calculated. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ARC were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and multiple potential confounders, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of ARC. Cigarette smoking, years smoking or moderate cigarette smoking (1-29 cigarettes per day) had no relation with the risk of ARC (P>0.05), although patients smoking >= 30 cigarettes per day had an elevated risk of ARC as compared with the non-smokers (OR=1.55, 95% CI; 1.16-2.85, P=0.026). Higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of ARC. Both overweight and obesity was associated with an obviously increased risk for surgically ARC (OR=1.55, 95% CI:1.02-1.98, P=0.015 and OR=1.71, 95% CI:1.32-2.39, P=0.013 respectively) compared to normal BMI. Then participants were grouped into quartiles of BMI (Q1 to Q4), compared to controls in the lowest quartile, the ORfor cases in the highest quartile of BMI was 1.54 (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.08-2.46, P=0.022). The results of univariate analysis showed cigarette smoking was not associated with ARC formation for men with lower or normal BMI (P >0.05). Compared to the non-smokers, for men of overweight or obesity, cigarette smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk for surgically ARC (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.49-6.65, P=0.003 and OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.63-13.21, P=0.002 respectively). Similarly, smokers in the highest quartile of BMI had approximately 1.5 times the risk of ARC as non-smokers in the lowest quartile (OR =1.46, 95% CI: 1.06-5.29, P<0.001). Followed multivariate models revealed that the association had never changed. CONCLUSION: Current cigarette smoking is positively related to ARC only among those who smoking 30 or more cigarettes per day. For men who are both overweight and obesity, cigarette smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk for ARC.

Relationship between dietary macronutrient intake and the risk of age-related cataract in middle-aged and elderly patients in northeast China

AIM:To examine the association between dietary macronutrient intake and the risk of age-related cataract(ARC)in middle-aged and elderly men.METHODS:A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from December 2009 to November 2011.Cases(n=360)were patients with cataract aged 45-85years old,and controls(n=360)were patients who had been admitted to the same hospital for diseases not related with cataract.All subjects were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administrated questionnaire that included information on socio-demographic characteristics,lifestyle habits and detailed medical history,simultaneously,the dietary intakes of nutrients were collected via a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).The odds ratios(OR)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(CI)of three types of ARC were estimated using multiple logistic regression models.RESULTS:After adjusting for multiple potential confounders,total dietary intake of carbohydrate was positively associated with cortical cataract,compared to controls in the lowest quartile,and the OR for cases in the highest quartile of intake was 2.471(95%CI:1.348-6.043,P=0.027).Higher dietary intakes of protein were protective for posterior subcapsular cataract(PSC)(OR=0.528,95%CI:0.148-0.869,P=0.023).Dietary fat intake was not associated with any type of cataract,however,participants in the highest quartile of polyunsaturated fatty acids intake had 2.7 times the risk of nuclear cataract as did those in the lowest quartile(OR=2.742,95%CI:1.790-4.200,P=0.033).CONCLUSION:A high intake of carbohydrate and polyunsaturated fatty acid may increase the odds of cortical and nuclear cataract,respectively,whereas high intake of protein,especially animal protein,may protect against PSC cataract.It is possible that dietary changes of target population may reduce the risk of ARC.