Carbon liberated from CO-releasing molecules attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice

AIM： To determine whether Carbon （CO） liberated from CO-releasing molecules attenuates leukocyte infiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice. METHODS： Thirty-six mice were assigned to four groups. Mice in the sham group （n = 9） were underwent to sham thermal injury; mice in the burn group （n = 9） received 15% total body surface area full-thickness thermal injury; mice in the burn ＋ CORM-2 group （n = 9） were underwent to the same thermal injury with immediate administration of tricarbonyldichlororut henium （11） dimer CORM-2 （8 mg/kg, i.v.）; and mice in the burn＋DMSO group （n = 9） were underwent to the same thermal injury with immediate administration of 160 IJL bolus injection of 0.5% DMSO/saline. Histological alterations and granulocyte infiltration of the small intestine were assessed. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil （PMN） accumulation （myeloperoxidase assay） was assessed in mice mid-ileum. Activation of nuclear factor （NF）-KB, expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and inducible heme oxygenase in mid-ileum were assessed. RESULTS： Treatment of thermally injured mice with CORM-2 attenuated PMN accumulation and prevented activation of NF-kB in the small intestine. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of ICAM-1. In parallel, burn-induced granulocyte infiltration in mid- ileum was markedly decreased in the burn mice treated with CORM-2. CONCLUSION： CORM-released CO attenuates leukocyteinfiltration in the small intestine of thermally injured mice by interfering with NF-KB activation and protein expression of ICAM-1, and therefore suppressing the pro-adhesive phenotype of endothelial cells.

Influence of Sedimentation on Crystallization of Charged Colloidal Particles

The method of density matching between the solid and liquid phases is often adopted to effectively eliminate the effect of sedimentation of suspensions on dynamic behavior of a colloidal system. Experiments on crystallization of charged colloidal microspheres with di- ameter of 98 nm dispersed in density-matched and -unmatched media （mixtures of H20 and D20 in proper proportion） are compared to examine the influence of sedimentation. Reflection spectra of colloidal suspensions were used to monitor the crystallization process. Results showed that the crystal size of the density-unmatched （namely, in the presence of sedimentation） sample grew faster than that of the density-matched （in the absence of sedi- mentation） case at the initial stage of the crystallization, and then the latter overtook and outstripped the former. To explain these observations, we assume that in the settling of crystals sedimentation facilitates result in more particles getting into the crystal structures. However, as the crystals increase to varying sizes, the settling velocities become large and hydrodynamic friction strips off some particles from the delicate crystal structures. Overall, the sedimentation appears to accelerate the crystal size growth initially and then retard the growth. In addition, the crystal structures formed under microgravity were more closely packed than that in normal gravity.

Influence of Gravity on Structure of Colloidal Crystal Using Simulated Microgravity

Liquid mixtures of water and deuterium oxide as the liquid phase, were used to match the density of charged colloidal particles. Kossel diffraction method was used to detect the crystal structures. The experiments under the density-matched （g=0） and unmatched （g=1） conditions are compared to examine the influence of gravity on the crystal structures formed by self-assembly of 110 nm （in diameter） polystyrene microspheres. The result shows that the gravity tends to make the lattice constants of colloidal crystals smaller at lower positions, which indicates that the effect of gravity should be taken into account in the study of the colloidal crystals.

涉及二项式系数与调和数的无穷级数

本文探讨和项涉及二项式系数与调和数的无穷级数,在阐述这方面的研究背景后提出一批新的级数等式猜想.本文包含64个猜测出的级数等式,它们都经Mathematica数值检验过.

一个新的关于素数的不等式

对正整数n,令p_(n)表示第n个素数.对整数n≥125,本文建立新的不等式式p_(n)>n+∑^(n)_(k=1)Pk/^(k),并证明它强于Mandl的不等式∑^(n)_(k=1)Pk<np_(n)/2.

A nonperturbative quantum electrodynamic approach to the theory of laser induced high harmonic generation

Using nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics, we develop a scattering theory for high harmonic generation （HHG）. A transition rate formula for HHG is obtained. Applying this formula, we cal- culate the spectra of high harmonics generated from different noble gases shined by strong laser light. We study the cutoff property of the spectra. The data show that the cutoff orders of high harmonics are greater than that predicted by the ＂3.17＂ cutoff law. As a numerical experiment, the data obtained from our repeated calculations support the newly derived theoretical expression of the cutoff law. The cutoff energy of high harmonics described by the new cutoff law, in terms of the ponderomotive energy Up and the ionization potential energy Ip, is 3.34Up 1.83Ip. The higher cutoff orders predicted by this theory are due to the absorption of the extra photons, which participate only the photon-mode up-conversion and do nothing in the photoionization process.

Nanostructured Polyelectrolyte-surfactant Complex Pervaporation Membranes for Ethanol Recovery:the Relationship between the Membrane Structure and Separation Performance

Polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes（PESCs） were fabricated through the interaction of poly（acrylic acid） and four different cationic surfactants or their mixtures. PESC membranes were prepared by solution casting method and were applied in ethanol recovery from aqueous solution via pervaporation. Elemental analysis（EA）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, water contact angle（CA） measurement, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and X-ray scattering were employed to characterize the composition, structure and properties of PESCs. The results reveal that the investigated PESCs are similar in hydrophobicity but different in hierarchical nanostructures. In separating 5 wt% ethanol/water mixture, PESC membranes with high crystallinity will have both low flux and ethanol selectivity because of the high packing density and low permeability of crystalline regions. Meanwhile, the hierarchical nanostructures of PESC membranes change under pervaporation environment as was revealed by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering measurement. That is, the crystalline region could melt at high temperature in swelling state, thus consequently enhancing the ethanol selectivity.

On the cutoff law of laser induced high harmonic spectra

The currently well accepted cutoff law for laser induced high harmonic spectra predicts the cutoff energy as a linear combination of two interaction energies, the ponderomotive energy Up and the atomic biding energy Ip, with coefficients 3.17 and 1.32, respectively. Even though, this law has been there for twenty years or so, the background information for these two constants, such as how they relate to fundamental physics and mathematics constants, is still unknown. This simple fact, keeps this cutoff law remaining as an empirical one. Based on the cutoff property of Bessel functions and the Einstein photoelectric law in the multiphoton case, we show these two coefficients are algebraic constants, 9 - 4√2 ≈ 3.34 and 2√2-1≈1.83, respectively. A recent spectra calculation and an experimental measurement support the new cutoff law.

Further results on Hilbert’s Tenth Problem

Hilbert’s Tenth Problem(HTP)asks for an algorithm to test whether an arbitrary polynomial Diophantine equation with integer coefficients has solutions over the ring Z of integers.This was finally solved negatively by Matiyasevich in 1970.In this paper we obtain some further results on HTP over Z.We prove that there is no algorithm to determine for any P(z1,...,z9)∈Z[z1,...,z9]whether the equation P(z1,...,z9)=0 has integral solutions with z9≥0.Consequently,there is no algorithm to test whether an arbitrary polynomial Diophantine equation P(z1,...,z11)=0(with integer coefficients)in 11 unknowns has integral solutions,which provides the best record on the original HTP over Z.We also prove that there is no algorithm to test for any P(z1,...,z17)∈Z[z1,...,z17]whether P(z12,...,z172)=0 has integral solutions,and that there is a polynomial Q(z1,...,z20)∈Z[z1,...,z20]such that{Q(z12,...,z202):z1,...,z20∈Z}∩{0,1,2,...}coincides with the set of all primes.

Even-odd harmonics generated from above-threshold ionization

We are reporting a theoretical prediction： The photoelectrons forming above-threshold-ionization （ATI） peaks emit both even and odd harmonics. These harmonics exhibit plateau and cut-off features similar to those odd-only harmonics observed in ATI experiments.

Universal sums of three quadratic polynomials

Let a,b,c,d,e and f be integers with a≥ c≥ e> 0,b>-a and b≡a(mod 2),d>-c and d≡c(mod 2),f>-e and f≡e(mod 2).Suppose that b≥d if a=c,and d≥f if c=e.When b(a-b),d(c-d) and f(e-f) are not all zero,we prove that if each n∈N={0,1,2,...} can be written as x(ax+b)/2+y(cy+d)/2+z(ez+f)/2 with x,y,z∈N then the tuple(a,b,c,d,e,f) must be on our list of 473 candidates,and show that 56 of them meet our purpose.When b∈[0,a),d∈[0,c) and f∈[0,e),we investigate the universal tuples(a,b,c,d,e,f) over Z for which any n∈N can be written as x(ax+b)/2+y(cy+d)/2+z(ez+f)/2 with x,y,z∈Z,and show that there are totally 12,082 such candidates some of which are proved to be universal tuples over Z.For example,we show that any n∈N can be written as x(x+1)/2+y(3y+1)/2+z(5z+1)/2 with x,y,z∈Z,and conjecture that each n∈N can be written as x(x+1)/2+y(3y+1)/2+z(5z+1)/2 with x,y,z∈N.