Development and validation of a prognostic indicator for thyroid carcinoma based on interferon-γ-related gene analysis

Background:Women are mostly affected by thyroid carcinoma(THCA),an endocrine system cancer.However,the biomarkers of interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)in THCA have not been identified,so this study aimed to investigate whether IFN-γ-related genes could predict the overall prognosis of THCA patients.Methods:Transcriptome-related expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Differential expression of IFN-γ-responsive genes(DE-IFN-γ)between THCA and normal samples was determined based on the“limma”package in R.The prognostic value of the model was determined by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,univariate Cox,and multivariate Cox analyses,as well as Kaplan-Meier curves.A nomogram was created to predict the THCA survival probabilities by combining clinicopathological features and prognostic genetic features.High-risk and low-risk groups were examined THCA-related pathways using gene set enrichment analysis.Correlations between the two groups with different scores and the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy were also explored.Finally,we verified the expression levels using real-time PCR.Results:From 48 DE-IFN-γ,4 DE-IFN-γ(METTL7B,VAMP8,CFB,IFIT3)associated with good prognosis were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and Cox co-screening.Based on these four genes,THCA patients were divided into two groups,with the high-risk group having a poorer overall survival rate.The risk score,age,and staging were identified as independent prognostic factors.The low-scoring group had significantly enriched 13 signaling pathways,according to gene set enrichment analysis.Meanwhile,the two groups delineated according to the risk score differed in terms of the immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints.Finally,our real-time PCR results corroborated previous hypotheses.Conclusion:Researchers identified four DE-IFN-γbiomarker genes with promising prognostic value for THCA patients,which may help guide immunotherapy preference.Moreover,it may subsequently influence our THCA treatment decisions.

Dating recent sediments from the subaqueous Yangtze Delta and adjacent continental shelf,China

In this study we analyzed sediment lithology,fallout of 210Pb and 137Cs,and spheroidal carbonaceous particles(SCPs) for two short cores,YZE and CX38,obtained by gravity corer from the Yangtze River mouth offshore and adjacent continental shelf,to compare geochronological methods on the recent sediments of this area.Lithology and grain size changes in YZE suggested the re-discharging of the North Channel of the Yangtze River mouth by flood events during 1949-1954 and associated accretion in the offshore area.This event was validated by a remarkable zone of declination in both 137Cs and 210Pb activities and the absolute ages derived from the 137Cs and SCPs.In contrast,210Pb results show obvious disturbance of grain size by sediment mixing and cannot be interpreted above 100 cm.In CX38,absolute ages for the early-and mid-1950s were derived by the 137Cs and the SCP profile respectively,which occurred in a reasonable sequence.The excess 210Pb distribution shows exponentially decreasing activities with depth,and the mean sedimentation rate agrees roughly with the one inferred from the SCP profile.We suggest that the limitation of the 210Pb method needs consideration while the SCP profile has the potential to provide a useful and independent dating method for recent Yangtze offshore and adjacent shelf sediments.

Measurements of neutron energy spectra of 9Be(d,n)10B reaction with a thick beryllium target

Novel measurements of the neutron energy spectra of the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction with a thick beryllium target are performed using a fast neutron time-of-flight(TOF)spectrometer for the neutron emission angles θ=0°and 45°,and the incident deuteron energies are 250 and 300 keV,respectively.The neutron contributions from the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction are distributed relatively independently for the ground state and the first,second,and third excited states of 10B.The branching ratios of the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction for the different excited states of 10B are obtained for the neutron emission angles θ=0°and 45°,and the incident deuteron energies are 250 and 300 keV,respectively.The branching ratio of the 9Be(d,n)10B reaction for the third excited state decreases with increase in the incident deuteron energy,and the branching ratios for the ground state and the second excited state increase with increase in the neutron emission angle.