Na-X zeolites were synthesized by Longkou oil shale ash with the alkaline fusion hydrothermal method.The effects of fusion temperature,ash to NaOH ratio,solid-liquid ratio,crystallization time and crystallization temp...Na-X zeolites were synthesized by Longkou oil shale ash with the alkaline fusion hydrothermal method.The effects of fusion temperature,ash to NaOH ratio,solid-liquid ratio,crystallization time and crystallization temperature on the crystallinity of zeolites were investigated.The synthetic products were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(29Si NMR)and N2 adsorption-desorption.The results showed that the conditions to synthesize Na-X zeolite were:Longkou oil shale ash to sodium hydroxide ratio 1:1.2 g・g^(-1),fusion temperature 600℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:4 g・mL^(-1),crystallization time 24 h and crystallization temperature 80℃.The zeolite with high crystallinity(91.32%)was synthesized:the product exhibiting octahedral particles observed by SEM,and the calculated Si/Al ratio in Na-X zeolite being 1.23 from^(29)Si MAS NMR spectra,which was consistent with the observation from XRD.展开更多
In this study,the Huadian oil shale(HD-R)and Balikun oil shale(BLK-R)were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed pyrolyzer at 360–530℃.Based on the migration and conversion of organic carbon,their pyrolysis characteristics were i...In this study,the Huadian oil shale(HD-R)and Balikun oil shale(BLK-R)were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed pyrolyzer at 360–530℃.Based on the migration and conversion of organic carbon,their pyrolysis characteristics were investigated and compared.The aliphaticity of Huadian kerogen(HD-K)and Balikun kerogen(BLK-K)are 80.53%and 52.83%,respectively.The HD-K contains more C=O,which will render the depolymerization and decomposition of kerogen to occur at low temperatures to produce volatile matters.Thus,the cumulative conversion of the Huadian shale oil is greater than the Balikun shale oil at 390–435℃.The aliphatic carbons of the BLK-K are mainly present as short methylene chains attached to aromatic rings.They will leave the kerogen matrix with the breakage of relatively weaker CeC bonds at β-sites from aromatic rings at medium temperatures.By contrast,aliphatic carbons of the HD-K are dominated by long aliphatic chains.High temperature is necessary to break other stronger CeC to form shale oil and gaseous species,which appears to make the oil accumulation conversion of BLK-R exceed that of HD-R at 450–510℃.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant 2014CB744301).
文摘Na-X zeolites were synthesized by Longkou oil shale ash with the alkaline fusion hydrothermal method.The effects of fusion temperature,ash to NaOH ratio,solid-liquid ratio,crystallization time and crystallization temperature on the crystallinity of zeolites were investigated.The synthetic products were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(29Si NMR)and N2 adsorption-desorption.The results showed that the conditions to synthesize Na-X zeolite were:Longkou oil shale ash to sodium hydroxide ratio 1:1.2 g・g^(-1),fusion temperature 600℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:4 g・mL^(-1),crystallization time 24 h and crystallization temperature 80℃.The zeolite with high crystallinity(91.32%)was synthesized:the product exhibiting octahedral particles observed by SEM,and the calculated Si/Al ratio in Na-X zeolite being 1.23 from^(29)Si MAS NMR spectra,which was consistent with the observation from XRD.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant 2014CB744301).
文摘In this study,the Huadian oil shale(HD-R)and Balikun oil shale(BLK-R)were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed pyrolyzer at 360–530℃.Based on the migration and conversion of organic carbon,their pyrolysis characteristics were investigated and compared.The aliphaticity of Huadian kerogen(HD-K)and Balikun kerogen(BLK-K)are 80.53%and 52.83%,respectively.The HD-K contains more C=O,which will render the depolymerization and decomposition of kerogen to occur at low temperatures to produce volatile matters.Thus,the cumulative conversion of the Huadian shale oil is greater than the Balikun shale oil at 390–435℃.The aliphatic carbons of the BLK-K are mainly present as short methylene chains attached to aromatic rings.They will leave the kerogen matrix with the breakage of relatively weaker CeC bonds at β-sites from aromatic rings at medium temperatures.By contrast,aliphatic carbons of the HD-K are dominated by long aliphatic chains.High temperature is necessary to break other stronger CeC to form shale oil and gaseous species,which appears to make the oil accumulation conversion of BLK-R exceed that of HD-R at 450–510℃.
