Influence of carbon addition on mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-C twinning-induced plasticity steels

Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Fe-22Mn-0.6C and Fe-22Mn-1.0C(wt.%)twinning-induced plasticity(TwIP)steels were investigated by monotonic,stress-relaxation and unloading-reloading tensile tests.The dynamic strain aging(DSA)effect,resulting from pinning of dislocations,effectively improved the dislocation activation volume of the two TWIP steels.In the meanwhile,DSA-facilitated twinning nucleation mechanism kept similar twinning capabilities of the two TWIP steels.With strain increasing,the formation of high-density deformation twins restricted the dislocation motion and reduced the activation volume with increasing strain.Furthermore,C addition simultaneously improved the ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation,and significantly enhanced the friction stress,rather than back stress.The stronger short-range order effect,brought by friction stress,promotes the planar dislocation slipping,thus improving the work-hardening capability.As a result,the additional work-hardening capacity can be achieved in Fe-Mn-C with higher C addition.

Quantification of flupirtine maleate polymorphs using X-ray powder diffraction

Flupirtine maleate, a pharmaceutical compound for treating psychotic disease in clinics, has seven polymorphs. Form A, with better crystal stability and bioavailability, has been widely used as the pharmaceutical crystal form. Unfortunately, it is usually found in a polymorphic mixture with form B. In this study, pure crystal forms of A and B were prepared and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRPD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and thermal analysis. An XRPD-based method for the quantitative determination of the amount of the flupirtine maleate polymorphs form A and form B was also established through a systematic optimization of instrumental parameters. The results of the analytical methodology validation showed that the XPRD method had a broad quantitative range of 0- 100% （w/w）, good linear relationship, with R2= 0.999, excellent repeatability and precision and low limits of detection （LoD） of 0.15% （w/w） and quantification （LoQ） of 0.5% （w/w）. The results also showed that the single-peak method was not as good as the whole pattern in reducing the influence of the preferred orientation, but this can be compensated for by a systematic optimization of instrumental parameters and validating the analytical methodology to reduce errors and obtain a good, repeatable, sensitive, and accurate method. This XRPD method can be used to analyze mixtures of flupirtine maleate polymorphs （forms A and B） quantitatively and control the quality of the bulk drug.