Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 6(TNFAIP6)in tumors:a pan-cancer analysis

Background:There is growing evidence that the gene named tumor necrosis factorα–induced protein 6(TNFAIP6)has an important role in various tumors.However,a systematic pan-cancer analysis of TNFAIP6 is lacking.Here we aimed to analyze the expression of TNFAIP6 across multiple cancers and verify its expression during the progression of colon cancer.Methods:We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to examine the expression of TNFAIP6 across 27 tumor types.GEPIA2 was used to evaluate the effect of TNFAIP6 on clinical cancer prognosis.cBioportal was used to assess TNFAIP6 mutations.The correlation between TNFAIP6 and cancer immune infiltrates was explored using TIMER2.0.The CancerSEA database was used to perform functional analysis of TNFAIP6.Metascape was used to identify TNFAIP6-related gene enrichment pathways.Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect TNFAIP6 protein expression in the colon cancer.In addition,the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database was searched for known and possible antitumor drugs that may be associated with TNFAIP6.Results:We found that,in most of the cancers included in this analysis,TNFAIP6 was highly expressed,and there is a distinct relationship between TNFAIP6 expression and cancer prognosis.TNFAIP6 expression is associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts,neutrophils,and endothelial cells.TNFAIP6 and similar genes may also be involved in the PID_VEGF_VEGFR_pathway.Immunohistochemistry revealed an increasing trend of TNFAIP6 protein expression in normal,adenoma,and colon cancer tissues.Several known and possible antitumor drugs that may be associated with TNFAIP6 were identified in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database.These results suggest that a number of drugsmay target TNFAIP6 during cancer treatment,including cisplatin,irinotecan,resveratrol,U 0126,NSC689534,genistein,NSC668394,oxaliplatin,plerixafor,topotecan,vincristine,flutamide,doxorubicin,MRK 003,folic acid,demecolcine,tunicamycin,zoledronic acid,and schizandrin B.Conclusions:TNFAIP6 may function as an oncogene in certain cancers.Furthermore,this study provides evidence that TNFAIP6 is an important factor in colon cancer progression.

经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术后椎间盘生物力学改变的有限元分析

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术后椎间盘生物力学的变化,以及摘除不同位置和大小的椎间盘对术后椎间盘应力的影响。方法基于CT扫描数据,建立L4-L5椎间盘部分摘除术后腰椎及椎间盘的三维有限元模型,施加载荷后模拟人体7个运动方向(直立、前屈、后伸、左右侧弯、左右旋转),记录并分析椎间盘的应力变化。结果髓核去除的6组与正常组比较,不同体位下椎间盘的应力均升高。除旋转体位下,椎间盘应力的改变为A2组>A1组>B2组>B1组,A1组均大于去除面积是其两倍的B2组。左旋转体位下,椎间盘应力增加明显,B2组>B1组>A2组>A1组>正常组。在除了侧弯的5种体位下,C2组椎间盘应力为所有组中最高,且C1组应力大于A1组和B1组。结论腰椎前屈时应力最大。在相同位置,去除椎间盘的大小和其术后应力改变成正相关。椎间盘切除过宽会使其应力增加较大。MSU分型为C型(外侧或极外侧椎间盘突出),术后椎间盘应力增加最多,是椎间盘去除术后退变的高风险型,B型(旁中央型椎间盘突出)术后椎间盘应力增加最小,是术后的相对稳定型。

离合器液压操纵系统效率试验与分析（英文）

分析了离合器液压操纵系统结构特点,提出一种离合器液压操纵系统传动效率计算方法。基于离合器液压操纵特性试验台,制定了离合器操纵系统动态传动效率试验方案。分别从踩/松离合踏板两个过程,对某型离合器液压操纵系统在定转速-变踏板速度和定踏板速度-变转速两种试验工况的力和行程传动效率进行了试验研究。试验结果表明离合器液压操纵系统传动效率计算方法具有较好的重复性,并且在踩踏板过程中随着踏板速度增加,离合器操纵系统力和行程传动效率增大;而在松踏板过程中随着踏板速度增加,离合器操纵系统力传动效率减小,行程传动效率增大;转速低于2 000 r/min时,转速变化对离合器操纵系统力和行程传动效率影响较小。

Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019(HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2):why is this work important?

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.

Tuning control system of a third harmonic superconducting cavity in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Beam lifetime is dominated by Touschek scattering at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF).Touschek loss rate is affected by probability for scattering beyond the RF acceptance and the volume charge density of the bench.In the phaseⅡupgrade of the SSRF,a third harmonic superconducting cavity will be used to enhance the Touschek lifetime by lengthening the bunches.The Touschek lifetime improvement factor is affected by the voltage of a harmonic cavity.To stabilize the cavity voltage,a tuning control system was designed to control it.The design of the tuning control system was based on the SSRF third-generation low-level RF control system.Some hardware and specialized algorithms were redesigned to fit the harmonic cavity control.The design of the tuning control system is complete,and the control system has been tested.The test result shows that the fluctuation of amplitude is<±0.34%within 1.5 h,which satisfies the stability requirement.

Longitudinal analysis reveals characteristically high proportions of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota in northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina）

The complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. Studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences HIV-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. Given that northern pig-tailed macaques （Macaca leonina） are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. However, little is known about the composition and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota of the northern pig-tailed macaque. Here, we present a comprehensive catalog of the composition and temporal dynamics of vaginal microbiota of two healthy northern pig-tailed macaques over 19 weeks using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We found remarkably high proportions of a diverse array of anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. Atopobium and Sneathia were dominant genera, and interestingly, we demonstrated the presence of Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiota. Moreover, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota were considerably individualized. Finally, network analysis revealed that vaginal pH may influence the temporal dynamics of the vaginal microbiota, suggesting that inter-subject variability of vaginal bacterial communities could be mirrored in inter-subject variation in correlation profiles of species with each other and with vaginal pH over time. Our results suggest that the northern pig-tailed macaque could be an ideal animal model for prospective investigation of the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota influence susceptibility and resistance to HIV-1 infection in the context of highly polymicrobial and Lactobacillus-dominated states.

Clinical significance of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway in gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas

BACKGROUND Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) pathway in the immune evasion of tumors from the host immune system. However, the role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas(G-NECs) remains unknown.AIM To investigate the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in G-NECs, which occur rarely but are highly malignant and clinically defiant.METHODS We investigated the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and PD-1^+, CD8^+, and FOXP3^+ T cell infiltration by immunohistochemistry in 43 resected G-NEC tissue specimens. The copy number alterations of PD-L1 were assessed by qRT-PCR.RESULTS Most of the G-NECs tumor cells exhibited a near-uniform expression pattern of PD-L1, while some showed a tumor-stromal interface enhanced pattern. Of the 43G-NECs, 21(48.8%) were classified as a high PD-L1 expression group, and the high expression of PD-L1 was associated with poor overall survival(OS). The high expression of PD-L1 was correlated with abundant PD-1^+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs) instead of CD8^+ TILs and FOXP3^+ regulatory T cells(Tregs).Our analysis also suggested that the infiltration of CD8^+ TILs tended to be a favorable factor for OS, although the difference did not reach the statistical significance(P = 0.065). Meanwhile, PD-L1 was significantly overexpressed in cases with copy number gain as compared with those without.CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated for the first time that high expression of PD-L1 in GNECs is associated with a poor prognosis, while the high expression may be due to the copy number variation of PD-L1 gene or stimulation of TILs. These results provide a basis for the immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in GNECs.

Phase-Division-Based Dynamic Optimization of Linkages for Drawing Servo Presses

Existing linkage-optimization methods are designed for mechanical presses; few can be directly used for servo presses, so development of the servo press is limited. Based on the complementarity of linkage opti- mization and motion planning, a phase-division-based linkage-optimization model for a drawing servo press is established. Considering the motion-planning principles of a drawing servo press, and taking account of work rating and efficiency, the constraints of the optimization model are constructed. Linkage is optimized in two modes： use of either constant eccentric speed or constant slide speed in the work segments. The performances of optimized link- ages are compared with those of a mature linkage SL4- 2000A, which is optimized by a traditional method. The results show that the work rating of a drawing servo press equipped with linkages optimized by this new method improved and the root-mean-square torque of the servo motors is reduced by more than 10%. This research pro- vides a promising method for designing energy-saving drawing servo presses with high work ratings.

The high diversity of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in pangolins alerts potential ecological risks

Understanding the zoonotic origin and evolution history of SARS-CoV-2 will provide critical insights for alerting and preventing future outbreaks.A significant gap remains for the possible role of pangolins as a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses(SC2r-CoVs).Here,we screened SC2r-CoVs in 172 samples from 163 pangolin individuals of four species,and detected positive signals in muscles of four Manis javanica and,for the first time,one M.pentadactyla.Phylogeographic analysis of pangolin mitochondrial DNA traced their origins from Southeast Asia.Using in-solution hybridization capture sequencing,we assembled a partial pangolin SC2r-CoV(pangolin-CoV)genome sequence of 22895 bp(MP20)from the M.pentadactyla sample.Phylogenetic analyses revealed MP20 was very closely related to pangolin-CoVs that were identified in M.javanica seized by Guangxi Customs.A genetic contribution of bat coronavirus to pangolin-CoVs via recombination was indicated.Our analysis revealed that the genetic diversity of pangolin-CoVs is substantially higher than previously anticipated.Given the potential infectivity of pangolin-CoVs,the high genetic diversity of pangolin-CoVs alerts the ecological risk of zoonotic evolution and transmission of pathogenic SC2r-CoVs.

SLITRK3 expression correlation to gastrointestinal stromal tumor risk rating and prognosis

AIM: To assess the influence of SLIT and NTRKlike family member 3(SLITRK3) on the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and determine whether SLITRK3 can help improve current risk stratification systems.METHODS: We hypothesized that SLITRK3 could be used as a prognostic molecular biomarker for GIST. 35 fresh tumor samples and 417 paraffin-embedded specimens from GIST patients were utilized. SLITRK3m RNA expression in GIST tumor tissue was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and SLITRK3 protein levels were estimated by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of SLITRK3 expression with various tumor clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data were analyzed.RESULTS: GIST tumors had high expression of SLITRK3 compared with adjacent normal tissues and the expression level gradually increased with risk grade. SLITRK3 protein expression was closely associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, tumor site, tumor size, mitotic index, and National Institutes of Health(NIH) classification. Survival analysis showed that SLITRK3 expression was closely correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival of GIST patients. Multivariate analysis also identified SLITRK3 expression, mitotic index, and NIH stage as significant risk factors of GIST recurrence.CONCLUSION: SLITRK3 expression is a highly significant predictor of GIST recurrence and metastasis. Combinations of SLITRK3 and NIH stage have strong predictive and prognostic value, and are feasible markers for clinical practice in gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

Transfer function measurement for the SSRF SRF system

A digital transfer function measurement system has been embedded in the low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system of the storage ring of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The measurement results indicate that the decreased control accuracy at high current is primarily owing to ripples from the high-voltage power supply, the transient beam loading effect, and the digital aliasing effect. The current LLRF algorithm is not able to suppress these disturbances.

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Porcine Circovirus Type 2

In this study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was used to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). According to the PCV2 sequences published in GenBank, multiple LAMP primers were designed targeting conserved sequences of PCV2. Using the DNA extracted from PCV2 isolates HUN-09 and SD-09 as the template, LAMP reactions in a PCV2 LAMP system was performed, the amplification products were detected by adding SYBR Green I and could be observed directly by the naked eye. The results showed highly-efficient and specific amplification in 30 min at 63°C with a LAMP real-time turbidimeter. Furthermore, PCV2 DNA templates, with a detection limit of 5.5×10-5 ng of nucleic acid, indicated that this assay was highly sensitive. The results obtained with the naked eye after SYBR Green I staining were consistent with those detected by the real-time turbidimeter, showing the potential simplicity of interpretation of the assay results. The LAMP assay appeared to have greater accuracy than PCR and virus isolation for the analysis of 18 clinical samples. In addition it offers higher specificity and sensitivity, shorter reaction times and simpler procedures than the currently available methods of PCV2 detection. It is therefore a promising tool for the effective and efficient detection of PCV2.

Quantitative analysis of globularization and modeling of TC17 alloy with basketweave microstructure

The globularization behavior and mechanism of TC17 alloy with basketweave microstructure were investigated, and the models of dynamic and static globularization kinetics were established. The quantitative and metallographic results show that the globularization of α phase is sensitive to the parameters of deformation and heat treatment. By EBSD analysis, the formation and evolution mechanisms of intra-α boundaries are related to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization, which can form α grains with high and low misorientations between neighbour grains after the heat treatment, respectively. Based on the globularization behavior and mechanism, two modified JMAK models are developed to predict the dynamic and static globularization kinetics, and the mean absolute relative errors(MARE) of 10.67% and 13.80% indicate the accuracy of the dynamic and static globularization kinetics models. The results of this work can provide guidance for controlling microstructure of titanium alloy.

Neutron-based characterization techniques for lithium-ion battery research

During the past decades,Li-ion batteries have been one of the most important energy storage devices.Large-scale energy storage requires Li-ion batteries which possess high energy density,low cost,and high safety.Other than advanced battery materials,in-depth understanding of the intrinsic mechanism correlated with cell reaction is also essential for the development of high-performance Li-ion battery.Advanced characterization techniques,especially neutron-based techniques,have greatly promoted Li-ion battery researches.In this review,the characteristics or capabilities of various neutron-based characterization techniques,including elastic neutron scattering,quasi-elastic neutron scattering,neutron imaging,and inelastic neutron scattering,for the related Li-ion-battery researches are summarized.The design of in-situ/operando environment is also discussed.The comprehensive survey on neutron-based characterizations for mechanism understanding will provide guidance for the further study of high-performance Li-ion batteries.

Zintl Phase BaAgSb: Low Thermal Conductivity and High Performance Thermoelectric Material in Ab Initio Calculation

Thermoelectric materials are critical parts in thermal electric devices.Here,Zintl phase BaAgSb in space group of P63/mmc is reported as a promising thermoelectric material in density function theory.The anisotropic lattice thermal conductivity and phonon transport properties are investigated in theory.The strong phonon-phonon scattering in BaAgSb exhibits ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.59 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) along c-axis at 800 K,and high thermoelectric performance ZT=0.94 at 400 K.The mix of covalent and ionic bond supports high carrier mobility and low thermal conductivity.The unusual features make BaAgSb a potential thermoelectric material.

An alternative approach to match field production data from unconventional gas-bearing systems

Nowadays,the unconventional gas-bearing system plays an increasingly important role in energy market.The performances of the current history-matching techniques are not satisfied when applied to such systems.To overcome this shortfall,an alternative approach was developed and applied to investigate production data from an unconventional gas-bearing system.In this approach,the fluid flow curve obtained from the field is the superposition of a series of Gaussian functions.An automatic computing program was developed in the MATLAB,and both gas and water field data collected from a vertical well in the Linxing Block,Ordos Basin,were used to present the data processing technique.In the reservoir study,the automatic computing program was applied to match the production data from a single coal seam,multiple coal seams and multiple vertically stacked reservoirs with favourable fitting results.Compared with previous approaches,the proposed approach yields better results for both gas and water production data and can calculate the contributions from different reservoirs.The start time of the extraction for each gas-containing unit can also be determined.The new approach can be applied to the field data prediction and designation for the well locations and patterns at the reservoir scale.

Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Function of Adult Patients with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation

Background:Permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of dysrhythmia associated with atrial septal defects (ASDs) in patients older than 40 years.However,little is known about cardiac remodeling after transcatheter closure in patients with permanent AF.This study was designed to compare cardiac events and remodeling effects after transcatheter closure in such patients.Methods:Clinical data of 289 adult patients older than 40 years who underwent ASD closure at our center were analyzed retrospectively.Of them,63 patients with permanent AF were assigned to the case group,and the other 226 patients without permanent AF were assigned to the control group.Cardiac events and changes in left and right cardiac cavity dimensions before the procedure and 6 months after the procedure were compared between the two groups.Results:Patients in the case group were significantly older than those in the control group.The right ventricular (RV) volume and right atrial (RA) volume were decreased significantly in both the groups during a median follow-up period of 6 months after closure (P ＜ 0.001).The left atrial dimensions,left ventricular end-systolic dimensions,left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and left ventricular ejection fraction showed no significant change before and after the procedure in both the groups.Changes of the RV volume and RA volume in the case group were significantly smaller than those in the control group (P =0.005 and P ＜ 0.001).The New York Heart Association cardiac function was improved in both the groups during the 6 months follow-up period.Conclusions:The transcatheter closure of ASD can improve the cardiac remodeling and cardiac function in patients with or without AF.

Introducing an antibiotic stewardship program in a pediatric center in China

Background This study aimed to investigate the eff ect of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) on reducing antimicrobial resistance rate, antibiotics consumption and multi-drug resistance bacterial infections in the pediatric patients. Methods This study was carried out in the Pediatric Center of a tertiary hospital of Shandong Province, China. The study duration was separated into two periods according to introduction of ASP (began from April 2011). Before intervention: from April 2009 to March 2011;after intervention: from April 2012 to March 2014. The consumption of antibiotics, defi ned daily dose (DDD), isolation of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) and resistance rate of antibiotics were analyzed and compared between the two study periods. Results Total antibiotics consumption (DDDs) reduced from 56,725 in 2011 to 31,380 in 2014;antibiotic use density (AUD) reduced from 93.8 to 43.5;mean (± SD) antibiotic costs per patient (per quarter) decreased from 637 (± 29) RMB to 462 (± 49) RMB;and the mean total drug consumption (g)/DDD (DDDs) for inpatients decreased from 90.4 (± 3.3) to 56.4 (± 9.5). Multidrug-resistant microorganisms isolation reduced signifi cantly from 463 (20.0) to 216 (6.9%). Resistance rate of general spectrum antibiotics reduced remarkably after intervention. The proportion of patients colonized or infected with Carbapenems-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii was correlated with DDDs of carbapenem. Conclusions Implementation of ASP leads to reduced medical expense, decrease of improper and abuse of antibiotics, and reduced antibiotics resistance rate and MDRO isolation. Continuous eff orts to improve antibiotic use are required.

Sb nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes as freestanding anodes for high-performance lithium and potassium ion batteries

Sb-based materials with high specific capacity have targeted as an alternative anode material for alkali metal ion batteries.Herein,Sb nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous N-doped carbon nanotubes(Sb@N-C nanotubes)are used as freestanding anode for Li-ion batteries(LIBs)and K-ion batteries(PIBs).The Sb@N-C nanotubes demonstrate exceptional reversible capacity of643 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)with long cycle stability,as well as outstanding rate performance(219.6 mAh·g^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1))in LIBs.As the anode material of PIBs,they reveal impressive capacity of 325.4 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1).The superior electrochemical properties mainly originate from the novel structure.To be specific,the obtained 3D connected network allows for quick ion and electron migration,and prevents the aggregation of Sb nanoparticles.The hollow porous nanotubes can not only accommodate the volume expansion of Sb nanoparticles during cycling,but also facilitate the infiltration of the electrolyte and reduce the ion diffusion length.This work provides a new insight for designing advanced Sb-based anodes for alkali metal ion batteries.

The genomic,transcriptomic,and immunological profiles of perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Dear Editor,Cancer neuroscience is an emerging topic in cancer research(Monje et al.,2020;Shi et al.,2022).Perineural invasion(PNI),defined as the neoplastic invasion of tumor cells into or surrounding the different layers of nervous fibers(epineural,perineural,and endoneural spaces of the neuronal sheath),is associated with aggressive tumor behavior.