Mesoscale study on explosion-induced formation and thermochemical response of PTFE/Al granular jet

The dynamic formation,shock-induced inhomogeneous temperature rise and corresponding chemical reaction behaviors of PTFE/Al reactive liner shaped charge jet(RLSCJ)are investigated by the combination of mesoscale simulation,reaction kinetics and chemical energy release test.A two-dimensional granular model is developed with the randomly normal distribution of aluminum particle sizes and the particle delivery program.Then,the granular model is employed to study the shock-induced thermal behavior during the formation and extension processes of RLSCJ,as well as the temperature history curves of aluminum particles.The simulation results visualize the motion and temperature responses of the RLSCJ at the grain level,and further indicate that the aluminum particles are more likely to gather in the last two-thirds of the jet along its axis.Further analysis shows that the shock,collision,friction and deformation behaviors are all responsible for the steep temperature rise of the reactive jet.In addition,a shock-induced chemical reaction extent model of RLSCJ is built based on the combination of the Arrhenius model and the Avrami-Erofeev kinetic model,by which the chemical reaction growth behavior during the formation and extension stages is described quantitatively.The model indicates the reaction extent highly corresponds to the aluminum particle temperature history at the formation and extension stages.At last,a manometry chamber and the corresponding energy release model are used together to study the macroscopic chemical energy release characteristics of RLSCJ,by which the reaction extent model is verified.

Carcinosarcoma of the deep lobe of the parotid gland in the parapharyngeal region:A case report

BACKGROUND Salivary carcinosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor containing both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal constituents.This article reports a rare case of carcinosarcoma with salivary duct carcinoma and osteosarcoma as the tumor components.The clinicopathological characteristics,treatment,and prognosis are discussed in conjunction with the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old man presented with a complaint of a mass in the right parotid region.Osteosarcoma was first considered for assessment by fine-needle aspiration cytology.Physical examination revealed a mass measuring approximately 4 cm×3.5 cm×3 cm.The mass,the whole lobe of the right parotid gland,and the right mandible were completely removed during surgery.Postoperative histopathology confirmed carcinosarcoma of the salivary gland.CONCLUSION A definite diagnosis of salivary gland carcinosarcoma can only be obtained after complete surgical resection.

An acupoint-originated human interstitial fluid circulatory network

To the Editor:Since 1027,when the Tian Sheng Bronze Statue showing acupoints and meridians was first introduced for medical practitioners,it has evolved to the currently used acupoints and meridians atlas in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[1]To date,the acupoints represent defined areas on the body surface relative to certain landmarks.The acupoints in the extremity endings would connect anatomically with diverse associated visceral organs or tissues,forming a Meridian and Collateral network.Illustrated on the atlas,each main meridian is usually a virtual line connecting a group of adjacent acupoints that correlate with certain visceral organ.In modern medical science,the anatomical structures of main meridians remain largely unclarified.