Rho-associated kinase（ROCK） is a key regulatory protein involved in inflammatory secretion in microglia in the central nervous system.Our previous studies showed that ROCK inhibition enhances phagocytic activity in ...Rho-associated kinase（ROCK） is a key regulatory protein involved in inflammatory secretion in microglia in the central nervous system.Our previous studies showed that ROCK inhibition enhances phagocytic activity in microglia through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK） signaling pathway,but its effect on microglial migration was unknown.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the effects of the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil on the migratory activity of primary cultured microglia isolated from the spinal cord,and we examined the underlying mechanisms.The microglia were treated with Y27632,fasudil and/or the ERK inhibitor U0126.Cellular morphology was observed by immunofluorescence.Transwell chambers were used to assess cell migration.ERK levels were measured by incell western blot assay.Y27632 and fasudil increased microglial migration,and the microglia were irregularly shaped and had many small processes.These inhibitors also upregulated the levels of phosphorylated ERK protein.The ERK inhibitor U0126 suppressed these effects of Y27632 and fasudil.These findings suggest that the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil promote microglial migration in the spinal cord through the ERK signaling pathway.展开更多
We report an approach of high-pressure hydrogenation to improve the performance of crystalline Si(c-Si) solar cells.As-received p-type c-Si wafer-based PN junctions were subjected to high-pressure(2.5 MPa) hydrogen at...We report an approach of high-pressure hydrogenation to improve the performance of crystalline Si(c-Si) solar cells.As-received p-type c-Si wafer-based PN junctions were subjected to high-pressure(2.5 MPa) hydrogen atmosphere at 200 ℃,followed by evaporating antireflection layers,passivation layers,and front and rear electrodes.The efficiency of the so prepared c-Si solar cell was found to increase evidently after high-pressure hydrogenation,with a maximal enhancement of 10%.The incorporation of hydrogen by Si solar cells was identified,and hydrogen passivation of dangling bonds in Si was confirmed.Compared to the regular approach of hydrogen plasma passivation,the approach of high-pressure hydrogenation reported here needs no post-hydrogenation treatment,and can be more convenient and efficient to use in improving the performances of the c-Si and other solar cells.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the distribution of TRPA1 （one kind of the TRP-like ion channel family） channel in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat. Methods： RT-PCR was used to amplify the fragment of TRPA1 in...Objective： To investigate the distribution of TRPA1 （one kind of the TRP-like ion channel family） channel in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat. Methods： RT-PCR was used to amplify the fragment of TRPA1 in the DRG （dorsal root ganglion）, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult SD rat. In situ hybridization staining was used to show the distribution of TRPA1 mRNA in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult rat brain. Results： Both RT-PCR and in situ hybridization staining showed that TRPA1 mRNA was expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain. Conclusion： Our results suggest that there is expression of TRPA1 mRNA both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain.展开更多
The influence of H2O （g） content in circulating flue gas on sintering was studied by simulating the flue gas circulating sintering. The results show that the burning speed of solid fuel and the heat transfer rate du...The influence of H2O （g） content in circulating flue gas on sintering was studied by simulating the flue gas circulating sintering. The results show that the burning speed of solid fuel and the heat transfer rate during sintering process are improved when the H2O （g） content increases from 0 to 6%, which accelerates the sintering speed. However, when the H2O （g） content exceeds 6 %, the over-wet zone in sinter bed is thickened, which deteriorates the permeability of sintering bed. In addition, the magnetite content in sinter increases, while the acicular calcium ferrite content decreases. Accordingly, the sinter yield and tumble index decrease with excessive H2O （g） content. To guarantee the yield and quality of sinter, the favourable H2O （g） content in circulating flue gas should be controlled to be less than 6%.展开更多
As the emission control regulations get stricter,the NO;reduction in the sintering process becomes an important environmental concern owing to its role in the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain.The NOxemiss...As the emission control regulations get stricter,the NO;reduction in the sintering process becomes an important environmental concern owing to its role in the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain.The NOxemissions from the sintering machine account for 48% of total amount from the iron and steel industry.Thus,it is essential to reduce NO;emissions from the sintering machine,for the achievement of clean production of sinter.Ca-Fe oxides,serving as the main binding phase in the sinter,are therefore used as additives into the sintering mixture to reduce NOxemissions.The results show that the NO;reduction ratio achieves 27.76% with 8% Ca-Fe oxides additives since the Ca-Fe oxides can advance the ignition and inhibit the nitrogen oxidation compared with the conventional condition.Meanwhile,the existence of Ca-Fe oxides was beneficial to the sinter quality since they were typical low melting point compounds.The optimal mass fraction of Ca-Fe oxides additives should be less than 8%since the permeability of sintering bed was significantly decreased with a further increase of the Ca-Fe oxides fines,inhibiting the mineralization reaction of sintering mixture.Additionally,the appropriate particle size can be obtained when mixing an equal amount of Ca-Fe oxides additives of-0.5 mm and 0.5-3.0 mm in size.展开更多
Introducing a bimodal grain-size distribution has been demonstrated an efficient strategy for fabricating high-strength and ductile metallic materials, where fine grains provide strength, while coarse grains enable st...Introducing a bimodal grain-size distribution has been demonstrated an efficient strategy for fabricating high-strength and ductile metallic materials, where fine grains provide strength, while coarse grains enable strain hardening and hence decent ductility. Over the last decades, research activities in this area have grown enormously, including interesting results onfcc Cu, Ni and Al-Mg alloys as well as steel and Fe alloys via various thermo-mechanical processing approaches. However, investigations on bimodal Mg and other hcp metals are relatively few. A brief overview of the available approaches based on thermo- mechanical processing technology in producing bimodal microstructure for various metallic materials is given, along with a summary of unusual mechanical properties achievable by bimodality, where focus is placed on the microstructure-mechanical properties and relevant mechanisms. In addition, key factors that influencing bimodal strategies, such as compositions of starting materials and processing parameters, together with the challenges this research area facing, are identified and discussed briefly.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471200,81771341
文摘Rho-associated kinase（ROCK） is a key regulatory protein involved in inflammatory secretion in microglia in the central nervous system.Our previous studies showed that ROCK inhibition enhances phagocytic activity in microglia through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK） signaling pathway,but its effect on microglial migration was unknown.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the effects of the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil on the migratory activity of primary cultured microglia isolated from the spinal cord,and we examined the underlying mechanisms.The microglia were treated with Y27632,fasudil and/or the ERK inhibitor U0126.Cellular morphology was observed by immunofluorescence.Transwell chambers were used to assess cell migration.ERK levels were measured by incell western blot assay.Y27632 and fasudil increased microglial migration,and the microglia were irregularly shaped and had many small processes.These inhibitors also upregulated the levels of phosphorylated ERK protein.The ERK inhibitor U0126 suppressed these effects of Y27632 and fasudil.These findings suggest that the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil promote microglial migration in the spinal cord through the ERK signaling pathway.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075044)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China(Grant No.18JC1411500)the CIOMP–Fudan University Joint Foundation(Grant No.FC2017-001).
文摘We report an approach of high-pressure hydrogenation to improve the performance of crystalline Si(c-Si) solar cells.As-received p-type c-Si wafer-based PN junctions were subjected to high-pressure(2.5 MPa) hydrogen atmosphere at 200 ℃,followed by evaporating antireflection layers,passivation layers,and front and rear electrodes.The efficiency of the so prepared c-Si solar cell was found to increase evidently after high-pressure hydrogenation,with a maximal enhancement of 10%.The incorporation of hydrogen by Si solar cells was identified,and hydrogen passivation of dangling bonds in Si was confirmed.Compared to the regular approach of hydrogen plasma passivation,the approach of high-pressure hydrogenation reported here needs no post-hydrogenation treatment,and can be more convenient and efficient to use in improving the performances of the c-Si and other solar cells.
基金Major Project of National Scientific Foundation Committee(NSFC30230140,30400142) and Program for New Century Excel-lent Talentsin University(NCET-04-0695)
文摘Objective： To investigate the distribution of TRPA1 （one kind of the TRP-like ion channel family） channel in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat. Methods： RT-PCR was used to amplify the fragment of TRPA1 in the DRG （dorsal root ganglion）, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult SD rat. In situ hybridization staining was used to show the distribution of TRPA1 mRNA in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult rat brain. Results： Both RT-PCR and in situ hybridization staining showed that TRPA1 mRNA was expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain. Conclusion： Our results suggest that there is expression of TRPA1 mRNA both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174253)Graduate Student Innovation Projects of Central South University of China(2014zzts276)
文摘The influence of H2O （g） content in circulating flue gas on sintering was studied by simulating the flue gas circulating sintering. The results show that the burning speed of solid fuel and the heat transfer rate during sintering process are improved when the H2O （g） content increases from 0 to 6%, which accelerates the sintering speed. However, when the H2O （g） content exceeds 6 %, the over-wet zone in sinter bed is thickened, which deteriorates the permeability of sintering bed. In addition, the magnetite content in sinter increases, while the acicular calcium ferrite content decreases. Accordingly, the sinter yield and tumble index decrease with excessive H2O （g） content. To guarantee the yield and quality of sinter, the favourable H2O （g） content in circulating flue gas should be controlled to be less than 6%.
文摘As the emission control regulations get stricter,the NO;reduction in the sintering process becomes an important environmental concern owing to its role in the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain.The NOxemissions from the sintering machine account for 48% of total amount from the iron and steel industry.Thus,it is essential to reduce NO;emissions from the sintering machine,for the achievement of clean production of sinter.Ca-Fe oxides,serving as the main binding phase in the sinter,are therefore used as additives into the sintering mixture to reduce NOxemissions.The results show that the NO;reduction ratio achieves 27.76% with 8% Ca-Fe oxides additives since the Ca-Fe oxides can advance the ignition and inhibit the nitrogen oxidation compared with the conventional condition.Meanwhile,the existence of Ca-Fe oxides was beneficial to the sinter quality since they were typical low melting point compounds.The optimal mass fraction of Ca-Fe oxides additives should be less than 8%since the permeability of sintering bed was significantly decreased with a further increase of the Ca-Fe oxides fines,inhibiting the mineralization reaction of sintering mixture.Additionally,the appropriate particle size can be obtained when mixing an equal amount of Ca-Fe oxides additives of-0.5 mm and 0.5-3.0 mm in size.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51501069, 51671093 and 51625402)Partial financial support came from the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province (Nos. 20160519002JH and 20170520124JH)+1 种基金the Chang Bai Mountain Scholars Program (2013014)the talented youth lift project of Jilin province
文摘Introducing a bimodal grain-size distribution has been demonstrated an efficient strategy for fabricating high-strength and ductile metallic materials, where fine grains provide strength, while coarse grains enable strain hardening and hence decent ductility. Over the last decades, research activities in this area have grown enormously, including interesting results onfcc Cu, Ni and Al-Mg alloys as well as steel and Fe alloys via various thermo-mechanical processing approaches. However, investigations on bimodal Mg and other hcp metals are relatively few. A brief overview of the available approaches based on thermo- mechanical processing technology in producing bimodal microstructure for various metallic materials is given, along with a summary of unusual mechanical properties achievable by bimodality, where focus is placed on the microstructure-mechanical properties and relevant mechanisms. In addition, key factors that influencing bimodal strategies, such as compositions of starting materials and processing parameters, together with the challenges this research area facing, are identified and discussed briefly.
