Research on Development Models of Ocean Recreational Fishery in Shandong Province

Developing recreational fishery is the main way to promote the fisherman transferring their jobs,to enhance their incomes,and to promote the development of the fishing village. The development models of ocean recreational fishery of Shandong province were given. According to the development of recreational fishery and management models,the development modes of recreational fisheries can be divided as: individual operation mode,fishermen association mode,the company and fishermen joint venture mode,the government leading mode and enterprises synergetic mode. The new direction of recreational fishery was pointed out at last.

Spatial and temporal temperature variations in Xinjiang,China during 1961-2008

This study examines spatial and temporal changes in 16 extreme temperature indices at 37 weather stations in Xinjiang and their associations with changes in climate means during 1961-2008. Linear regression analyses reveal that significant increas- ing trends in temperature were observed over Xinjiang, with the rate of 0.13 ~C/decade, 0.24 ~C/decade, and 0.52 ~C/decade for annual mean temperature, annual maximum, and minimum temperature, respectively. Annual fi＇equency of cool nights （days） has decreased by -2.45 days/decade （-0.86 days/decade）, whereas the frequency of warm nights （days） has increased by 4.85 days/decade （1.62 days/decade）. Seasonally, the frequencies of summer warm nights and days are changing more rap- idly than the corresponding frequencies for cool nights and days. However, normalization of the extreme and mean series shows that the rate of changes in extreme temperature events are generally less than those of mean temperatures, except for winter cold nights which are changing as rapidly as the winter mean minimum temperatures. These results indicate that there have been seasonally and diurnally asymmetric changes in extreme temperature events relative to recent increases in tempera- ture means in Xinjiang.

Biological and Pollution Aerosols on Snow and Ice--Interplay between the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere

1 BACKGROUND The cryosphere covers a relevant portion of the Earth’s surface,playing a major role for terrestrial and marine biomes(Bosson et al.,2023;Sands et al.,2023;Anesio et al.,2017).Glacierets,glaciers and ice sheets represent together 10%of the global land surface,while the annual average maximum of snow cover during the winter accounts for up to 49%of the Northern Hemisphere’s surface (Qin,2017).Aerosols are another major component of the Earth system,playing pivotal roles in the biogeochemical cycles and in the Earth radiative mass balance (Bellouin et al.,2020;Carslaw et al.,2010).A complex network of interactions links aerosols and glaciers.

Uranium isotopes of aeolian dust deposited in northern Tibetan Plateau glaciers:Implications for tracing aeolian dust provenance

Asian dust comprises a large portion of the northern hemisphere atmospheric dust load,thereby exerting substantial influence on the Earth’s climate,global biogeochemistry and hydrological cycle through accelerated snow and ice melt.Dust deposited on alpine glaciers encodes information on broad scale atmospheric-environmental processes.The(^(234)U/^(238)U)values of dust fine particulates can reflect the comminuting time and intermediate processes;thus,it provides a new method for the provenance of aeolian dust in the glacial snowpack/cryoconite.Here we present results from a comprehensive survey of uranium isotopic concentrations in dust collected from cryoconites on the glaciers of the northern Tibetan Plateau(TP).These results indicate significant spatial heterogeneity in the(^(234)U/^(238)U)values associated with snowpack/cryoconite dust over a broad range of glaciers in the northern TP.The values of the(^(234)U/^(238)U)ratio in the glaciers of western Qilian Mountains(Qiyi Glacier,Shiyi Glacier,Laohugou Glacier No.12)were the highest,followed by the Tanggula(Dunkemadi Glacier)and Kunlun Mountains(Yuzhufeng Glacier),whereas these values were the lowest in the eastern Qilian Mountains(Jingyangling Snowpack,Dabanshan Snowpack,Lenglongling Glacier).By including the analysis of Sr-Nd isotopic compositions,we find the spatial isotopic distribution reflects a combination of local dust,which is associated with short comminuting times,and dust transported over long ranges.Meteorological data indicate that the dust production in the west and north TP,Alxa arid lands and Gobi Deserts,may have a significant impact on the TP glaciers.Moreover,U-Sr-Nd isotopic composition and end-member mixing models(EMMA)were used in our study to find out the relative contribution of distinct Asian dust sources to the dust budget in the TP glaciers.The results reveal that snowpack/cryoconite dust is derived from both local sources(low comminution signatures)as well as other dust sources in the Asian region.Our study demonstrates the potential of U isotope composition as a dust tracing method.In particular,by investigating this composition on dust collected from glacier snowpack and cryoconite holes,we arrive at a map of the distribution characteristics of(^(234)U/^(238)U)values in different regions of the TP.Our study is the first to deploy uranium comminution age for Tibetan dust source tracing,and the results are important to elucidate the multiple origins and dynamics of dust in the Tibetan Plateau.