Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Interactive Effects for Improving Drought Resistance on Mung Bean Varieties

The planting areas of mung bean are mostly arid and semi-arid areas, and lack of irrigation conditions. Many studies have reported that fertilization can increase drought resistance. In our previous research, optimized nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) combined fertilization model was established in mung bean. In the present study, the optimal fertilization was conducted in pot trails, and mung bean varieties Bailv9 and Bailv11 were used as materials, while the four water regimes, and three fertilization ratios of F120 (optimal fertilization), F100 (conventional fertilization), F50 (half of conventional fertilization) treatments were set, to compare each fertilization ratio effects and non-fertilization condition under each water regimes respectively. Under different water conditions, the investigation of N, P, and K effects of optimal fertilization showed that the yield of Bailv9 was not sensitive to water stress and had strong drought resistance;their water sensitivity index and drought resistance coefficient were BaiLv9 as Di = 0.89 and DC = 0.79. The yield of Bailv11 was sensitive to water stress, and their drought resistance was weak;their water sensitivity index and drought resistance coefficient were BL11 Di = 1.76 DC = 0.59, and under different water treatment conditions, Bailv9 and Bailv11 all had the best yield and other related traits increase in the F120 fertilization mode compared with other fertilization and non-fertilization conditions, and the average yield increases were 31.56% and 28.08%, respectively. The pot trails conduct the drought stress treatments in mung bean varieties Bailv9, Bailv11, Bailv935 and Bailv985 to determine the function of NPK optimized fertilization for improving plants growth in drought stress condition. Compared with the mung bean varieties treated with F50, F100, and F120, the yield of Bailv9 increased by 56.20%, 81.27%, and 107.22%, respectively;compared with that of F0, the yield of Bailv11 increased by 10.18%, 19.42%, and 45.88%, respectively;Bailv935 increased by 26.52%, 61.90%, 74.16% respectively, and Bailv985 increased by 23.78%, 56.92%, 87.62% respectively. The significant performances of optimized fertilization were also verified in 20 mung bean varieties in our filed trails. The research establishes a theoretical basis for introducing the model into production practice in the next step.

Physiological Response of Mung Bean to Polyethylene Glycol Drought Stress at Flowering Period

The study was carried out on the basis of the flowering period of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus). The polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) was used to stimulate water stress. Four mung bean varieties with different drought resistances were used as materials in this experiment, in which the physiological indexes of mung bean for the identification of drought resistance were selected, and the response analysis of seven physiological indexes to different degrees of drought stress was measured by using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) on different concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%. The physiological mechanism was analysed on drought tolerance of mung beans. This test was to set up identification system for drought tolerance of flowering mung bean. The results showed that the relative conductivity after 6 days of 5% PEG treatment, the SOD activity after 6 days of 5% PEG treatment, the POD activity after 6 days of 10% PEG treatment and the ABA content after 6 days of 10% PEG treatment could be used as drought-tolerant identification for mung beans at flowering period. These four physiological indexes and drought-resistant index weighted grey correlation analysis results showed that the correlation order was successively SOD activity (0.8589) > ABA content (0.8290) > conductivity (0.7160) > POD activity (0.6637);and the grey correlation degree was greater than 0.6500 among the four physiological indexes.

移动支付对中国家庭碳消费的影响——来自家庭碳足迹的证据

低碳消费是实现经济社会协调可持续发展的必由之路。家庭作为消费活动的重要主体,践行低碳消费行动对于实现碳中和、碳达峰目标具有飞跃性意义。文章运用2017年和2019年中国家庭普惠金融调查数据计算出家庭碳足迹,并运用差分模型,精确识别了移动支付对家庭碳排放的影响。研究发现,相对于未使用移动支付的家庭,一直使用移动支付的家庭和新增使用移动支付的家庭人均碳消费会显著减少。分碳足迹类型来看,移动支付对不同类型碳消费的影响不同,随着时间的推移,可能会呈现非线性影响。研究还发现,移动支付对不同分位点碳足迹的影响也是不同的。此外,移动支付对家庭碳消费的负向影响在农村地区、南方地区和东部地区更大且更显著。研究为数字经济与低碳经济协同可持续发展提供了重要参考。

Digital Transformation, Information Search, and Women's High-Quality Employment

The promotion of fuller and higher-quality employment is a prime task for China's high-quality development.Both employment security(ES)and employment quality(EQ)need to be improved for women who,as an essential part of labor force,have long been faced with high stress and employment threshold.The role of digital transformation in promoting women's employment through reducing the cost of job information search is analyzed with the Job Search Theory in this paper.By using China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)data,this research found that digital transformation of households in China contributes to women's employment significantly,raises the number and proportion of female family members in employment,and enhances women'access to medical care insurance,endowment insurance,unemployment insurance,housing fund and overtime pay.Digital transformation can improve the information accessibility of households,and the reduction in information asymmetries benefits women's employment,as indicated by the mechanism analysis.The positive impact of digital transformation is more pronounced for households in Central China,Western China and provinces with high unemployment rates,as well as those supporting the elderly and without housing.This paper will serve as a reference to fuel high-quality employment and reduce dificulties for women in the context of digital transformation.

金融普惠、家庭贫困及脆弱性

本文利用中国家庭金融调查2015年数据,通过构建家庭金融普惠指数,研究了金融普惠对家庭贫困及脆弱性的影响。研究发现,金融普惠能够显著降低家庭发生贫困和脆弱性的概率,且对农村及城镇低收入者等弱势群体的影响更大。进一步地,金融普惠对未得到政府扶贫支持的贫困家庭有更大的作用,且可作为共同保险机制的补充,帮助家庭更好地应对社区协同性冲击导致的脆弱性;不同地区及不同金融服务的影响有所差异。最后,促进创业和提高风险管理能力是金融普惠发挥作用的主要渠道。

Development of A Neonatal Mouse Model for Coxsackievirus B1 Antiviral Evaluation

Coxsackievirus B1(CVB1) is a leading causative agent of severe infectious diseases in humans and has been reported to be associated with outbreaks of aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, and the development of chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). There is no approved vaccine or effective antiviral therapy to treat CBV1 infection. And animal models to assess the effects of antiviral agents and vaccine remain limited. In this study, we established a neonatal mouse model of CVB1 using a clinically isolated strain to characterize the pathological manifestations of virus infection and to promote the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against CVB1. One-day-old BALB/c mice were susceptible to CVB1 infection by intraperitoneal injection. Mice challenged with CVB1 at a low dose [10 median tissue culture infective dose(TCID_(50))] exhibited a series of clinical symptoms, such as inactivity, emaciation, limb weakness, hair thinning,hunching and even death. Pathological examination and tissue viral load analysis showed that positive signals of CVB1 were detected in the heart, spinal cord, limb muscle and kidney without pathological damage. Particularly, CVB1 had a strong tropism towards the pancreas, causing severe cellular necrosis with inflammatory infiltration, and was spread by viraemia. Notably, the monoclonal antibody(mAb) 6H5 and antisera elicited from CVB1-vaccinated mice effectively protected the mice from CVB1 infection in the mouse model. In summary, the established neonatal mouse model is an effective tool for evaluating the efficacy of CVB1 antiviral reagents and vaccines.

The Impact of Commercial Insurance on Household Financial Vulnerability

This research examines the effects of commercial insurance on household financial vulnerability using data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS). Data were collected from 39875households in 29 provinces of China. The probit model was used to test the relationship between the study variables. The results show that commercial insurance participation reduces the likelihood of a household’s financial vulnerability. Heterogeneity analysis found that commercial insurance participation had a more significant dampening effect on the financial vulnerability of households with low personal expenses, low-income, low human capital, rural areas, and the central and western regions, indicating that commercial insurance has a universal effect. This study offers several policy implications for combating household financial vulnerability. First, improving the commercial insurance protection system in both urban and rural areas could improve households’ risk management capacity. Second,establishing tax-rewarding policies to encourage households to participate in commercial insurance.Third, increasing the popularity of commercial insurance, particularly in rural areas, and exploring the rural commercial insurance market.