Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder According to the Dose and Trimester of Exposure to Antiseizure Medications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The association between prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications (ASM) and autism spectrum disorder has been documented. This study sought to examine and synthesize evidence from studies that have evaluated these associations, with particular focus on the trimester of pregnancy and dosage of exposure. Methodology: PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched following strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. 10 studies were recruited involving children born to mothers with epilepsy who took ASM during pregnancy as cases, and those with epilepsy who did not take any ASM in pregnancy. Results: The relative risk of developing ASD among children exposed to valproic acid (RR, 3.90 [95% CI: 2.36 - 6.44], p < 0.006), was twice higher than that of carbamazepine (RR, 1.65 [95% CI: 0.62 - 4.37], p < 0.0001), or lamotrigine (RR, 1.60 [95% CI: 0.77 - 3.32], p = 0.006). The trimester of exposure and dosage of ASM administered were not significant. Conclusion: In summary, prenatal exposure to ASM increased the risk of developing ASD in children. The relative risk was twice as high in those exposed to valproic acid compared to those exposed to carbamazepine or lamotrigine. Trimester of pregnancy and dosage of ASM used by the mothers were not significant.

Study on Hydrogen Storage Properties,Anti-Oxide Ability and Rate Limiting Step of ZrCr-Based Alloy after Introducing Cobalt as Additive

In this work,the microstructure,hydrogen storage properties,anti-oxide ability and rate limiting step of Zr(Cr_(1−x)Co_(x))_(2)(x=0,0.2,0.4 and 0.6)alloys have been investigated.After studying the crystal structure,we found that all alloy samples could show C14-type phase but the alloy sample x=0 could also show a small amount of Cr phase.Rietveld fitting showed that lattice parameter and unit cell volume of C14-type phase decreased with increasing x.After further research,it was clear that the first hydrogen absorption capacity decreased with increasing x.But introducing more Co content had a positive influence on the effective hydrogen storage capacity and cyclic hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of the alloy sample.We also found that adding Co to ZrCr_(2)alloy could improve its anti-oxide ability.In addition to this,the rate limiting step model was also studied.

Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Platycodon grandiflorus

With seeds as experimental materials,MS was used as the basic medium to combine different species and concentrations of auxin and mitogen for proliferation,elongation and rooting culture. The best combination of medium and the most suitable medium were selected. The results showed that the best formula for the medium was MS + 0. 5 mg/L BA + 0. 5 mg/L IAA + 30 g/L sucrose in the proliferation culture,MS + 0. 25 mg/L BA + 0. 5 mg/L IAA + 30 g/L sucrose in the elongation culture,and MS + 0. 5 mg/L IAA + 20 g/L sucrose in the rooting culture respectively. The experimental results will be applied in the rapid propagation and breeding of high-quality seedlings of Platycodon grandiflorus.

Sedimentary Features and Paleogeographic Evolution of the Middle Permian Trough Basin in Zunyi,Guizhou,South China

Based on detailed field surveys,numerous sections and drillcores as well as analyses of lithofacies and sedimentary facies,sedimentary differentiation in the Middle Permian Zunyi(northern Guizhou,South China)trough basin was studied in detail.Caused by activities of the Emeishan mantle plume,the regional extensional setting and the extinguishing of carbonate production factories were shown from Guizhou to Yunnan.Three types of sedimentary enironments were developed in the study area:platform,slope,and basin.In this work,we established a sedimentary model for the study area,identified 14 syndepositional faults,and created the detailed reconstruction of the trough basin via a sedimentological investigation.It is found that the paleogeographic evolution of the study area can be divided into six stages:(1)a pre-rifting stage,(2)rapid rifting and subsidence,(3)stable rifting and subsidence,(4)the second stage of rifting and subsidence,(5)silicification,and(6)regional uplift and denudation.The sedimentary features and paleogeographic evolution of the Maokou Formation in Zunyi show that the platform,slope,and basin sedimentary features coexisted.In addition,the extensional setting and extinguishing of carbonate production factories were important preconditions for the evolution of the platform region in the study area,and the activity of syndepositional faults also played an important role in the paleogeographic evolution of this area.