二氧化硅开口剂在流延聚丙烯薄膜中的应用及开口机理

使用4种二氧化硅(SiO_(2))开口剂及一种进口开口剂AB905,通过双螺杆挤出机在相同的加工条件下制备了5种流延聚丙烯膜(CPP)/SiO_(2)母粒并流延成膜。结果表明,5种开口剂都能满足CPP膜的防粘开口性能要求,动/静摩擦系数均降到0.12以内(属于高爽滑性)。50℃,7 kPa负载下压制24 h的抗粘连性测试表明,K45和AB905制成的CPP膜间均没有任何粘连,而纯PP膜有一定的粘连。原子力显微镜分析表明,亚微米级SiO_(2)开口剂粒子附近都存在凹坑,这些凹坑对降低负压、减小范德华力从而降低PP薄膜的粘连起到了非常关键的作用。最后,根据实验数据首次提出了一种适用于CPP膜的防粘连与开口原理模型,有望为生产更高防粘开口效率的开口剂提供参考。

An artificial viscosity augmented physics-informed neural network for incompressible flow

Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)are proved methods that are effective in solving some strongly nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs),e.g.,Navier-Stokes equations,with a small amount of boundary or interior data.However,the feasibility of applying PINNs to the flow at moderate or high Reynolds numbers has rarely been reported.The present paper proposes an artificial viscosity(AV)-based PINN for solving the forward and inverse flow problems.Specifically,the AV used in PINNs is inspired by the entropy viscosity method developed in conventional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to stabilize the simulation of flow at high Reynolds numbers.The newly developed PINN is used to solve the forward problem of the two-dimensional steady cavity flow at Re=1000 and the inverse problem derived from two-dimensional film boiling.The results show that the AV augmented PINN can solve both problems with good accuracy and substantially reduce the inference errors in the forward problem.

Research on the Intervention Effect of ArtMaking on the Anxiety Symptoms of CollegeStudents

This research was to investigate the intervention effect of art-making on the anxiety symptoms of college students. A sample of 400college students took part in this research. They were assigned to the experiment group (n = 200) and the control group (n = 200)according to Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores. Unlike the control group, the experiment group received a standard artmaking program under the supervision of trained instructors for a period of twelve sessions two times weekly which wascontinued for six weeks. Self-Rating Anxiety Seale (SAS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess anxietysymptoms level. Significant decreases in anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05) were found in the experiment group compared with thecontrol group. Using the art-making program to relieve anxiety, the shortest intervention period is three weeks. Art-makingcan effectively alleviate college students’ anxiety, and also can effectively improve the physical health, mental health, and socialhealth levels of college students.

Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning

As Moore’s law approaching its end,electronics is hitting its power,bandwidth,and capacity limits.Photonics is able to overcome the performance limits of electronics but lacks practical photonic register and flexible control.Combining electronics and photonics provides the best of both worlds and is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s direction.For stability and dynamic operations considerations,feedback tuning of photonic devices is required.For silicon photonics,the thermooptic effect is the most frequently used tuning mechanism due to the advantages of high efficiency and low loss.However,it brings new design requirements,creating new design challenges.Emerging applications,such as optical phased array,optical switches,and optical neural networks,employ a large number of photonic devices,making PCB tuning solutions no longer suitable.Electronic-photonic-converged solutions with compact footprints will play an important role in system scalability.In this paper,we present a unified model for thermo-optic feedback tuning that can be specialized to different applications,review its recent advances,and discuss its future trends.

NMR and NQR studies on transition-metal arsenide superconductors LaRu2As2,KCa2Fe4As4F2,and A2Cr3As3

We report 75As-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and nuclear quadrupole resonance(NQR)measurements on transition-metal arsenides LaRu2As2,KCa2Fe4As4F2,and A2Cr3As3.In the superconducting state of LaRu2As2,a Hebel–Slichter coherence peak is found in the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 just below Tc,which indicates that LaRu2As2 is a full-gap superperconducor.For KCa2Fe4As4F2,antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations are observed in the normal state.We further find that the anisotropy rate RAF=Tc 1/Tab 1 is small and temperature independent,implying that the low energy spin fluctuations are isotropic in spin space.Our results indicate that KCa2Fe4As4F2 is a moderately overdoped iron-arsenide high-temperature superconductor with a stoichiometric composition.For A2Cr3As3(A=Na,K,Rb,Cs),we calculate the electric field gradient by first-principle method and assign the 75As-NQR peaks to two crystallographically different As sites,paving the way for further NMR investigation.

Security Assessment of Distribution System with Distributed Photovoltaic

In order to evaluate the safe and stable operation of distribution network with the distributed photovoltaic (PV), the?security of distribution network is researched. On the basis of electricity supply security, voltage quality and network losses,?the index system of static security is established. The paper simulates the uncertainty and random characteristics of PV by OpenDSS. The typical scenes that PV accessed to the distribution network are designed.?The paper summarizes the results of voltage fluctuation and network losses and uses indices to quantify it under different scenes. Based on the index system, the paper proposes some recommendations on PV permeability, interconnected locations, dispersion degrees and power factors when the distributed PV accessed to the distribution network.

Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods for Four Kinds of Seafood in Qinhuangdao

[Objectives]This study was conducted for the purpose of widely using molecular biology techniques in the detection of seafood species.[Methods]In this study,such four kinds of seafood as fish,shrimps,crabs and shellfish were used as samples to compare three DNA extraction methods,including Tiangen marine animal tissue genome extraction kit method(DP324)(a),SN/T 3589.6-2013/8.3(b)method and modified SN/T 3730.8-2013/8.1(c)method.The purity and concentrations of DNA and the amplification effects of real-time fluorescene PCR were compared.[Results]The three methods had different extraction effects while satisfying the real-time fluorescent PCR detection.The DNA templates extracted by the SN/T 3730.8-2013/8.1 standard method had higher purity and concentrations,and showed clearer bands in gel electrophoresis,indicating that the method has less effect on real-time fluorescent PCR and less inhibition,and can meet the detection needs of the four types of seafood,including fish,shrimps,crabs and shellfish.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the detection of seafood animal-derived components.

TOFD detection of shallow subsurface defects in aluminum alloy thin plates by half-skip mode-converted wave

Aluminum alloy is widely applied to the aerospace field.However,the inspection of thin plates using Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD)technique is restricted by the near-surface dead zone because of the coupling between diffracted longitudinal wave and lateral wave.The halfskip mode-converted wave is introduced to decrease dead zone and detect defects in aluminum alloy thin plates by increasing ray path and propagation time.The quantitative correlation for the diffracted shear wave from longitudinal back-wall wave is deduced in combination with the acoustic path,realizing the accurate location of shallow subsurface defects.Simulated and experimental results indicate that the dead zone is decreased by 38% by the half-skip mode-converted wave,and the location errors are within 5% for the aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of 7.0 mm.Compared to other alternative TOFD techniques,half-skip mode-converted wave has better response amplitude and positioning accuracy,demonstrating strong applicability in TOFD inspection of thin plates.

Wide-temperature range and high safety electrolytes for highvoltage Li-metal batteries

Along with the keeping growing demand for high-energy-density energy storage system,high-voltage Li-metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted many attentions.In view of many defects of the commercial electrolytes,such as flammability,limited operation temperature range,and severe Li dendrite growth,non-flammable phosphate-based localized highly concentrated electrolytes(LHCE)have been explored as one of the safe electrolytes for LMBs.But until now there is rare report on wide-temperature range LMBs using phosphate-based electrolytes.Here,we prepare a wide-temperature LHCE,which is composed of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate(LiDFOB),triethyl phosphate(TEP),and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether(HFE),and explore the applicability in wide-temperature LMBs from−40 to 70℃.In the LHCE,both TEP and HFE are non-flammable,and Li^(+) is highly coordinated with TEP and DFOB^(−),which can effectively inhibit the TEP decomposition on anode,and facilitate the preferential reduction of DFOB^(−),thus obtain a robust solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)to suppress Li dendrite growth and side reactions.Therefore,this LHCE can not only endow Li/Cu and Li/Li cells with high Coulombic efficiency(CE)and long cycling lifespan,but also be applied to LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/Li and LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)(NCM523)/Li LMBs.Most importantly,the NCM523/Li LMBs with LHCE can deliver stable cycling performance at 4.5 V high-voltage and high-temperature(70℃),as well as excellent low-temperature capacity retention even though both charging and discharging process were carried out at−40℃.

Ferroptosis-inducing inorganic arsenic(II)sulfide nanocrystals enhance immune activation

Arsenic(II)sulfide is a stable inorganic arsenic compound with a different valence from arsenic trioxide,and has been widely applied to treat various diseases with low toxic side effects for a long time.However,its low solubility and complicated formulations restrict its further applications in modern medical industry.Meanwhile,as the tumour with the highest incidence rate among women,the low recurrence risk of breast cancer has been confirmed to be closely related to the high infiltration of immune cells.Herein,we synthesized and filtered novel biocompatible PEGylated arsenic(II)sulfide nanocrystals AsS@PEG with a size of 93.14±0.49 nm by the gel method,which displayed excellent anticancer and immune activation activity in breast cancer model.Proteomic analysis suggested that the AsS@PEG induce ferroptosis in cancer cells and further activate antitumour immune responses via B-cell lymphoma 9-like(BCL9L)protein inhibition.Furthermore,mechanism studies revealed notable glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)downregulation in cancer cells,dendritic cells(DCs)maturation and subsequent effector CD8^(+)T-cells production induced by the AsS@PEG in the tumour microenvironment.This study highlights biocompatible arsenic(II)sulfide nanocrystals that induce ferroptotic cell death and activate antitumour immune responses,providing insights into the path towards the immunotherapy assisted chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)for fluidmechanics:a review

Despite the significant progress over the last 50 years in simulating flow problems using numerical discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations(NSE),we still cannot incorporate seamlessly noisy data into existing algorithms,mesh-generation is complex,and we cannot tackle high-dimensional problems governed by parametrized NSE.Moreover,solving inverse flow problems is often prohibitively expensive and requires complex and expensive formulations and new computer codes.Here,we review flow physics-informed learning,integrating seamlessly data and mathematical models,and implement them using physics-informed neural networks(PINNs).We demonstrate the effectiveness of PINNs for inverse problems related to three-dimensional wake flows,supersonic flows,and biomedical flows.

Emerging roles of activating transcription factor (ATF) family members in tumourigenesis and immunity: Implications in cancer immunotherapy

Activating transcription factors, ATFs, are a group of bZIP transcription factors that act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. In general, ATFs respond to extracellular signals, indicating their important roles in maintaining homeostasis. The ATF family includes ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7. Consistent with the diversity of cellular processes reported to be regulated by ATFs, the functions of ATFs are also diverse. ATFs play an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation-related pathological processes. The expression and phosphorylation status of ATFs are also related to neurodegenerative diseases and polycystic kidney disease. Various miRNAs target ATFs to regulate cancer proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATFs are necessary to maintain cell redox homeostasis. Therefore, deepening our understanding of the regulation and function of ATFs will provide insights into the basic regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into genomic responses through transcription factors. Under pathological conditions, especially in cancer biology and response to treatment, the characterization of ATF dysfunction is important for understanding how to therapeutically utilize ATF2 or other pathways controlled by transcription factors. In this review, we will demonstrate how ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7 function in promoting or suppressing cancer development and identify their roles in tumour immunotherapy.

Hybrid Energy Sharing Mechanism for Integrated Energy Systems Based on the Stackelberg Game

Integrating the sharing economy and the power industry is of positive significance for the development of the energy market.With the energy market transforming from a traditional vertical structure to an interactive and competitive structure,users'roles need to change,along with supply and demand interacting more frequently.Thus,the traditional centralized optimization method for a single energy source can hardly reveal the complex multi-entity behavior of multi-energy coupling.Therefore,this paper establishes a distributed electrical-gas-thermal energy sharing mechanism centered on an energy hub that can converse energy,and build a more applicable integrated energy system body.First,the supply-demand interaction and the energy conversion process is constructed with reference to the operationa丨mode of’a sharing economy and the dual role of prosumers.A Stackelberg model is established with the integrated energy system operator as the leader and prosumers as the followers,to simultaneously optimize the profit of the leader in the upper level and the comfort of the fo!lowers,energy use and utility in the lower level.Furthermore,for protecting the participants’privacy,a distributed algorithm is used to find the optimal solution to equilibrate the model,and the existence and uniqueness of the solution is proved.Finally,a case study validates the effectiveness of the hybrid energy sharing mechanism and provides a reference for the integration of the energy sharing economy with the integrated energy system.

Block-layer model for intergrowth structures

Lattice match and charge transfer between distinct block layers(BLs)play an important role in the formation of an intergrowth structure.Herein we propose a simple BL model addressing the different roles of the lattice match and the charge transfer.Inter-BL charge transfer lowers the internal energy,while lattice match minimizes the elastic energy,both of which together make the intergrowth structure stabilized.The model is able to reproduce the lattice parameters precisely for complex iron-based superconductors with intergrowth structures.The elastic energy and the charge-transfer energy are evaluated with assistance of the first-principles calculations.This work rationalizes the basic principles of BL design for intergrowth structures,which can be utilized not only for finding new superconducting materials but also for investigating other layered materials with various functionalities.

Combination of steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating for efficient remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil:Coupling merits and energy consumption

In situ thermal desorption(ISTD)technology effectively remediates soil contaminated by dense nonaqueous phase liquids(DNAPLs).However,more efforts are required to minimize the energy consumption of ISTD technology.This study developed a laboratory-scale experimental device to explore the coupling merits of two traditional desorption technologies:steam-enhanced extraction(SEE)and electrical resistance heating(ERH).The results showed that injecting high-density steam(>1 g/min)into loam or clay with relatively high moisture content(>13.3%)could fracture the soil matrix and lead to the occurrence of the preferential flow of steam.For ERH alone,the electrical resistance and soil moisture loss were critical factors influencing heating power.When ERH and SEE were combined,preheating soil by ERH could increase soil permeability,effectively alleviating the problem of preferential flow of SEE.Meanwhile,steam injection heated the soil and provided moisture for maintaining soil electrical conductivity,thereby ensuring power stability in the ERH process.Compared with ERH alone(8 V/cm)and SEE alone(1 g/min steam),the energy consumption of combined method in remediating perchloroethylene-contaminated soil was reduced by 39.3%and 52.9%,respectively.These findings indicate that the combined method is more favorable than ERH or SEE alone for remediating DNAPL-contaminated subsurfaces when considering ISTD technology.

PYRAMIDAL TRAVELING FRONTS OF BISTABLE REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH DELAY

This paper is concerned with nonplanar traveling fronts for delayed reaction- diffusion equation with bistable nonlinearity in RTM （m〉 3）. By the comparison principle and super- and subsolutions technique, we establish the existence of pyra- midal traveling fronts.

Insights into the Ti^(4+) doping in P2-type Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.52)Ti_(0.15)O_(2) for enhanced performance of sodium-ion batteries

Due to the sodium abundance and availability,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have the potential to meet the worldwide growing demand of electrical energy storage.P2-type sodium transition-metal layer oxides with a high energy density are considered as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs.We present here a detailed study of the enhanced rate capability and cyclic stability of the Ti-doped Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.67)O_(2)cathode material.The combined analysis of ex-situ X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS)spectroscopy,aberration-corrected high resolution transmission electron microscopy(AB-HRTEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)show that the strong Ti–O bond in the transition metal layers stabilizes the local structure,destroy the Na+-vacancy ordering and arrest the irreversible multiphase transformation that occurs during the intercalation/deintercalation process.Actually,Na_(0.67)Ni_(0.33)Mn_(0.52)Ti_(0.15)O_(2)exhibits a reversible capacity of 89.6 mA h g^(-1)even at 5 C,an excellent cyclability with 88.78%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.This study provides a better understanding in optimization of the design of high-energy cathode materials based on titanium doped layered oxides for SIBs.

Ultrasound-Assisted Solidifi cation of a Cu–Cr Alloy

Ultrasonic cavitation radiates huge power in a small solidifying bulk,leading to significant grain refinement,purification and homogenization of the final alloys.Ultrasound vibration has mostly been used for treating the solidification of light metals,but it is difficult to directly introduce ultrasonic vibration into copper alloy due to the lack of proper sonotrode.In this work,we have used a Sialon ceramic sonotrode to propagate acoustic waves in a Cu-Cr alloy melt.Significant grain refinement and modification of primary Cr have been obtained.With the ultrasound vibration treatment,the mechanical properties of the as-cast Cu-Cr alloy have been improved.The wear resistance of the Cu-Cr alloy has also shown enhancement with respect to the untreated alloy.

Efficient learning of robust quadruped bounding usingpretrained neural networks

Bounding is one of the important gaits in quadrupedal locomotion for negotiating obstacles.The authors proposed an effective approach that can learn robust bounding gaits more efficiently despite its large variation in dynamic body movements.The authors first pretrained the neural network(NN)based on data from a robot operated by conventional model-based controllers,and then further optimised the pretrained NN via deep reinforcement learning(DRL).In particular,the authors designed a reward function considering contact points and phases to enforce the gait symmetry and periodicity,which improved the bounding performance.The NN-based feedback controller was learned in the simulation and directly deployed on the real quadruped robot Jueying Mini successfully.A variety of environments are presented both indoors and outdoors with the authors’approach.The authors’approach shows efficient computing and good locomotion results by the Jueying Mini quadrupedal robot bounding over uneven terrain.The cover image is based on the Research Article Efficient learning of robust quadruped bounding using pretrained neural networks by Zhicheng Wang et al.,https://doi.org/10.1049/csy2.12062.

Periodic solutions of periodically perturbed functional differential equations

By using the generalized degree theory, some periodically perturbed functional differential equations have been proved to have at least one periodic solution if the associated homogeneous linear equations have no nontrivial periodic solution. Some known results are generalized.