Effects of Medium Regulation by Wastes on Insect Community at Tianjin Binhai International Airport

This study was conducted to explore the effects of medium regulation on insect community. Sludge compost,waste crumb rubber and fly ash were added in soil at the Tianjin Binhai International Airport. By sampling method,insect community and diversity were surveyed in Tianjin Binhai International Airport. The results showed that a total of 1 288 insects were collected,belonging to 8 orders,17 families and 21 species,with Orthoptera,Coleoptera and Diptera as the dominant groups. The species and individual numbers of insects showed the same trend with the order of sludge control fly ash crumb rubber. Compared with the control area,the individual number and species of insects in the crumb rubber area decreased by 41. 3% and 38. 9%,respectively. Moreover,the species richness and diversity of insects in the crumb rubber area were the lowest,1. 39 and 0. 46 lower than that of the control area,respectively,indicating that crumb rubber can effectively reduce the number and the diversity of insects at the airport.

融合可视化教学的高校智慧课堂互动行为研究

集成丰富信息技术的智慧课堂让可视化教学形式变得丰富、高效,为分析该课堂环境下的高校师生互动行为特点,以湖北大学智慧课堂9节课程教学案例为研究对象,基于自主设计的课堂互动分类指标对教学视频进行量化编码与统计,从教学行为整体、学科性质比较与视觉表征差异3个层面对融合可视化教学的智慧课堂师生互动行为特点进行深入分析。研究发现,在此教学环境下,学生的“主体性”地位得到提升,对于可视化技术或工具的应用还有待适应;教师在进行言语教学的同时运用可视化教学进行知识表示,有助于提高理工类课堂的学生互动率;智慧课堂下的可视化教学流畅度高,且学生的参与氛围更浓厚,各种动态视频动画、可视化工具的使用能够进一步调动学生的学习积极性。

Water resource governance in China's regional cooperation

A series of water disputes and conflicts have gradually emerged between China and some neighboring countries after 2000, influencing China's neighborhood relations. China increasingly realizes the importance and urgency of the water resource governance in the regional cooperation, but under complicated geopolitical context, China's water resource governance must serve several important main functions in its regional cooperation. Overall, water resource governance is the demands of crisis management and conflict prevention, and also is a kind of positive factor that promotes sub-regional cooperation. From the perspective of the current situation, China should take more proactive attitude toward the water resource governance, expand the areas and stakeholders of the water resource governance, and thus promote the formulation of water resource governance strategy.

Growth and Morphological Differences between the Sexes and Female Fecundity of Ocadia sinensis

In this study, artificially hatched Ocadia sinensis individuals were cultured for 60 months, to record the growth and development process and investigate the morphological characteristics between the sexes and individual fecundity of O. sinensis. Results showed that the main morphological differences between male and female individuals are concentrated in secondary sexual characteristics ： female turtle individuals have flat or slightly prominent sternites, short tails, short length from anal pore to sternite trailing edge; male turtle individuals have concave sternites, relatively stout tails, large length from anal pore to sternite trailing edge. There were significant differences in the growth of male and female individuals, in the first 12 months, female individuals grew faster than male individuals, with greater carapace length, carapace width and weight, but the differences between male and female individuals were not significant; in the late stage, the growth rate of female individuals was much higher than that of male individuals; by the end of the experiment, the average weight of female individuals was 3.86 times of that of male individuals. Regression analysis of female fecundity showed that the clutch size of O. sinensis had significant regression relationship with carapace length and weight, the fertility of female individuals was improved with the increasing size （ carapace length and weight）.

Structural dynamics of the yeast Shwachman- Diamond syndrome protein （Sdol） on the ribosome and its implication in the 60S subunit maturation

The human Shwachman-Diamond syndrome （SDS） is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in a highly conserved ribosome assembly factor SBDS. The functional role of SBDS is to cooperate with another assembly factor, elongation factor l-like （Eft1）, to pro- mote the release of eukaryotic initiation factor 6 （elF6） from the late-stage cytoplasmic 60S precursors. In the present work, we characterized, both biochemically and structurally, the interaction between the 60S subunit and SBDS protein （Sdolp） from yeast. Our data show that Sdolp interacts tightly with the mature 60S subunit in vitro through its domain I and II, and is capable of bridging two 60S subunits to form a stable 2：2 dimer. Structural analysis indicates that Sdolp bind to the ribosomal P-site, in the proximity of uL16 and uL5, and with direct contact to H69 and H38. The dynamic nature of Sdolp on the 60S subunit, together with its strategic binding position, suggests a surveillance role of Sdolp in monitoring the conformational maturation of the ribosomal P-site. Altogether, our data support a con- formational signal-relay cascade during late-stage 60S maturation, involving uL16, Sdolp, and Efllp, which interrogates the functional P-site to control the departure of the anti-association factor elF6.

Isolation and characterization of Akabane virus Ib substrain and its pathogenesis in sulking mice

Dear Editor,Akabane disease is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the Akabane virus(AKAV)that can affect cattle,sheep,and goats.Inapparent infections in adults can lead months later to abortions,stillbirths,congenital defects,and death in newborns(Kurogi et al.,1976).Wild ruminants can also be affected,but abnormalities of the offspring in these species have not been reported.One report suggests that this virus can also cause clinical signs in pigs(Yanase et al.,2018).

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils from five parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis).METHODS: We extracted essential oils from different parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) using a steam distillation method. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Data were collected in full scan mode(m/z 60-600). Volatile components were identified based on their retention indices and by comparing their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2005 database assisted by tandem mass spectrometry information. The relative content of each constituent wasdetermined by area normalization.RESULTS: We identified 111 components, of which12 were common to all 5 parts, 30 were found only in roots, 14 were found only in flowers, 6 were found only in leaves, 4 were found only in stems,and 17 were found only in fruits.CONCLUSION: Our results show that the stems,flowers, leaves, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)contain a high concentration of essential oils, and that the exact composition of the essential oils differs among the plant parts. To develop new medicines and make full use of the Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)resource, it is important to characterize the essential oils from different parts of the plant. In future research, it will be important to determine the pharmacological effects of the various components and the essential oil mixtures.

Extraction of flocculants from a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of their properties

In a preliminary screening study,our laboratory isolated from the biofloc in aquaculture waters a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis,which produced highly efficient bio-flocculants.In the present study,we extracted the crude flocculants from this strain and analyzed their properties.Distribution analysis indicated that the flocculants were mainly distributed in the supernatant of the fermentation liquid.The flocculants were extracted using an ethanol extraction method,and the chemical compositions and morphology of the crude flocculants were analyzed using the Molish reaction,Fehling reaction,ninhydrin reaction,biuret reaction,phenol-sulfuric acid assay,Coomassie brilliant blue staining,ultraviolet scanning,infrared scanning and scanning electron microscopy.The carbohydrate composition of the polysaccharides in the flocculants was analyzed with thin layer chromatography.The results indicated that flocculants were solid substances with an ivory white color and their texture was loose and soft.Visualization under scanning electron microscopy revealed that their ultra-morphology consisted of small,long and fiber-like shapes.Chemical and physical analyses indicated that polysaccharides accounted for 34.5%of the components in the crude flocculants.The monosaccharides present in crude flocculants included mainly glucose,galactose and mannitose.

Cryo-EM structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis ribosome reveals two unidentified ribosomal proteins close to the functional centers

Dear Editor, Mycobacterium smegmatis is commonly used as a labora- tory surrogate in studying the physiology and pathogenesis of disease-causing mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis （TB） in human.

PABP-driven secondary condensed phase within RSV inclusion bodies activates viral mRNAs for ribosomal recruitment

Inclusion bodies(IBs)of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)and contain internal structures termed“IB-associated granules”(IBAGs),where anti-termination factor M2-1 and viral mRNAs are concentrated.However,the mechanism of IBAG formation and the physiological function of IBAGs are unclear.Here,we found that the internal structures of RSV IBs are actual M2-1-free viral messenger ribonucleoprotein(mRNP)condensates formed by secondary LLPS.Mechanistically,the RSV nucleoprotein(N)and M2-1 interact with and recruit PABP to IBs,promoting PABP to bind viral mRNAs transcribed in IBs by RNArecognition motif and drive secondary phase separation.Furthermore,PABP-eIF4G1 interaction regulates viral mRNP condensate composition,thereby recruiting specific translation initiation factors(eIF4G1,eIF4E,eIF4A,eIF4B and eIF4H)into the secondary condensed phase to activate viral mRNAs for ribosomal recruitment.Our study proposes a novel LLPS-regulated translation mechanism during viral infection and a novel antiviral strategy via targeting on secondary condensed phase.