Influence of climate change on hydrological process in the upper reaches of Shiyang River:A case study of the Xiying River,China

Climate change is the dominant factor affecting the hydrological process, it is of great significance to simulate and predict its influence on water resources management, socio-economic activities, and sustainable development in the future. In this paper, the Xiying River Basin was taken as the study area, China Atmospheric Assimilation Driven Data Set(CMADS) and observation data from the Jiutiaoling station were used to simulate runoff of the SWAT model and calibrate and verify model parameters. On this basis, runoff change of the basin under the future climate scenario of CMIP6 was predicted. Our research shows that:(1) The contribution rates of climate change and human activities to runoff increase of the Xiying River are 89.17% and 10.83%, respectively. Climate change is the most important factor affecting runoff change of the Xiying River.(2) In these three different emission scenarios of SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in CMIP6 climate model, the average temperature increased by0.61, 1.09 and 1.74 C, respectively, in the Xiying River Basin from 2017 to 2050. Average precipitation increased by 14.36, 66.88, and 142.73 mm, respectively, and runoff increased by 15, 24, and 35 million m3, respectively.The effect of climate change on runoff will continue to deepen in the future.

中小学教师的教育论文写作:问题与对策

教育论文写作对教师的专业发展有重大意义,但大部分中小学教师在教育论文写作方面存在较大不足,主要表现为:主题不清,综述不足,方法不明,论证不严,规范性差,著录错误等。为此,宏观上,要提高思想认识,加强在职培训,重视职前教育,净化学术氛围。微观上,要强化问题意识,准确定位研究目标;弄清研究背景,认真梳理资料文献;掌握正确方法,熟练使用研究工具;注意文章结构,科学建构概念框架;遵守格式规范,清晰表述学术观点。

Optical grade (Gd_(0.95-x)Lu_(x)Eu_(0.05))_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) ceramics with near-zero optical loss: Effects of Lu^(3+) doping on structural feature, microstructure evolution, and far-red luminescence

A chemical co-precipitation strategy was employed to synthesize a series of(Gd_(0.95−x)Lu_(x)Eu_(0.05))_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(x=0.1−0.95)powder phosphors,followed by vacuum sintering to achieve transparent garnet ceramic phosphors.The density functional theory indicated Lu_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) was formed in priority compared with Gd_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) during solid-phase reaction.Upon high-temperature sintering,the Lu^(3+)substitution for Gd^(3+)suppressed point mass diffusion leading to a smaller grain size.The in-line transmittances of bulk specimens with x=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,and 0.95 nm were~83.5%,80.1%,68.8%,73.7%,and 82.2%at 710 nm(Eu^(3+)emission center),respectively,among which the sample of x=0.1 exhibited the optical grade with near-zero optical loss in agreement with the defect-free single crystal(~100%of the theoretical transmittance).The resulting particle and ceramic materials both presented characteristic Eu^(3+)emission arising from 5D0→7FJ(J=1−4)transition,where the dominant far-red emission at~710 nm arising from ^(5)D_(0)→^(7)F_(4) transition overlapped with the absorption of phytochrome(PFR).The photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence intensities of(Gd_(0.95−x)Lu_(x)Eu_(0.05))_(3)Al_(5)O_(12) powders and ceramics generally increased at a higher Gd^(3+)/Lu^(3+)ratio.Lu^(3+)dopants delayed the fluorescence lifetime while the bulk samples had shorter lifetime compared to the particle counterparts.The transparent(Gd_(0.85)Lu_(0.1)Eu_(0.05))3Al_(5)O_(12) ceramic phosphor exhibited good thermal stability with a high thermal quenching temperature above 533 K.The designed ceramic phosphor-converted light-emitting diode had a saturation injection current of 435 mA and a current-dependent color rendering index.More importantly,our report marked the developmental stage of transparent ceramic materials towards zero optical loss.

Single-cell profiling of the copy-number heterogeneity in colorectal cancer

Background:With functionally heterogeneous cells,tumors comprise a complex ecosystem to promote tumor adaptability and evolution under strong selective pressure from the given microenvironment.Diversifying tumor cells or intra-tumor heterogeneity is essential for tumor growth,invasion,and immune evasion.However,no reliable method to classify tumor cell subtypes is yet available.In this study,we introduced the single-cell sequencing combined with copy number characteristics to identify the types of tumor cells in microsatellite stable(MSS)colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods:To characterize the somatic copy number alteration(SCNA)of MSS CRC in a single cell profile,we analyzed 26 tissue samples from 19 Korean patients(GSE132465,the Samsung Medical Center[SMC]dataset)and then verified our findings with 15 tissue samples from five Belgian patients(GSE144735,the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 3[KUL3]dataset).The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)cohort,GSE39582 cohort,and National Cancer Center(NCC)cohort(24 MSS CRC patients were enrolled in this study between March 2017 and October 2017)were used to validate the clinical features of prognostic signatures.Results:We employed single cell RNA-sequencing data to identify three types of tumor cells in MSS CRC by their SCNA characteristics.Among these three types of tumor cells,C1 and C3 had a higher SCNA burden;C1 had significant chromosome 13 and 20 amplification,whereas C3 was the polar opposite of C1,which exhibited deletion in chromosome 13 and 20.The three types of tumor cells exhibited various functions in the tumor microenvironment and harbored different mutations.C1 and C2 were linked to the immune response and hypoxia,respectively,while C3 was critical for cell adhesion activity and tumor angiogenesis.Additionally,one gene(OLFM4)was identified as epithelium-specific biomarker of better prognosis of CRC(TCGA cohort:P=0.0110;GSE39582 cohort:P=0.0098;NCC cohort:P=0.0360).Conclusions:On the basis of copy number characteristics,we illustrated tumor heterogeneity in MSS CRC and identified three types of tumor cells with distinct roles in tumor microenvironment.By understanding heterogeneity in the intricate tumor microenvironment,we gained an insight into the mechanisms of tumor evolution,which may support the development of therapeutic strategies.

A novel compilation method of comprehensive mission spectrum of aero-engine maneuvering load based on use-related mission segment

Comprehensive Mission Spectrum(CMS)of an aero-engine can reflect the usage characteristics of the engine.It can provide load input for engine life prediction and accelerated mission test.In this paper,a novel compilation method of CMS of aero-engine maneuvering load based on mission segment is proposed.Firstly,the use-related Typical Mission Segment(TMS)of maneuvering load is divided and identified according to spectral characteristics.Secondly,the mathematical model of different kinds of TMS are established based on stochastic process theory.Finally,the CMS of maneuvering load is compiled based on TMS.The proposed method can accurately quantify the compilation of CMS.The compiled CMS shows good agreement with the original load spectrum.According to damage consistency inspection,the compiled CMS is consistent with the damage caused by the original load spectrum in terms of low cycle fatigue.

2020中国超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统在甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的评估中国超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)在甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值,并与Kwak等提出的超声甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(TIRADS)(K-TIRADS)、美国放射学会提出的TIRADS(ACR-TIRADS)比较。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2020年11月济宁医学院附属医院甲状腺外科1750例患者的2029个甲状腺结节的资料,其中男328例,女1422例,年龄6~86(47±12)岁。以结节为统计学单位,按结节大小分为≤1.0 cm结节组(997个)和>1.0 cm结节组(1032个)。通过3种TIRADS分别对所有结节进行恶性风险分层并预测良恶性。以病理结果为参考标准,构建受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析并比较3种TIRADS鉴别诊断甲状腺结节的价值。结果根据ROC曲线分析,C-TIRADS、K-TIRADS、ACR-TIRADS在两组结节中的最佳诊断点分别为4A、4b、4。对于恶性结节的诊断,在≤1.0 cm组和>1.0 cm组,C-TIRADS的曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.772、0.892,显著高于K-TIRADS(0.762、0.869)和ACR-TIRADS(0.735、0.832)(P<0.05)。C-TIRADS的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.99%、59.41%、86.46%、88.13%、78.89%(≤1.0 cm结节组)和88.34%、90.05%、89.34%、86.33%、91.57%(>1.0 cm结节组),3种TIRADS中,C-TIRADS在两组结节中的灵敏度、准确性和阴性预测值均最高。结论3种TIRADS均具有较高的诊断价值,C-TIRADS的整体效能最佳,可有效地辅助临床医生做出管理意见,值得在临床中推广应用。

Asymmetric Ridge–Furrow and Film Cover Improves Plant Morphological Traits and Light Utilization in Rain-Fed Maize

Light is one of the most important natural resources for plant growth. Light interception （LI） and use efficiency （LUE） are often affected by the structure of canopy caused by growing pattern and agronomy managements. Agro-nomy practices, such as the ridge-furrow system and plastic film cover, might affect the leaf morphology and then light transmission within the canopy, thus change light extinction coefficient （k）, and LI and LUE. The objective of this study is to quantify LI and LUE in rain-fed maize （Zea Mays L.）, a major cropping system in Northeast China, under different combinations of ridge-furrow and film covering ratios. The tested ridge-furrow system （DRF： ＂double ridges and furrows＂） was asymmetric and alternated with wide ridge （0.70 m in width and 0.15 m in height）, narrow furrow （0.10 m）, narrow ridge （0.40 m in width and 0.20 m in height）, and narrow furrow （0.10 m）. Field ex-periments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Four treatments were tested： no ridges and plastic film cover （control, NRF）, ridges without film cover （DRF0）, ridges with 58% film cover （DRF58）, and ridges with 100% film cover （DRFl00）. DRF0 significantly increased LI by 9% compared with NRF, while film cover showed a marginal improvement. Specific leaf area in DRF experiments with film cover was significantly lower than in NRF, and leaf angle was 16% higher than in NRF, resulting in a 4% reduction in k. LUE of maize was not increased by DRF0, but was significantly enhanced by covering film in other DRF experiments, especially by 22% in DRF100. The increase of LUE by film cover was due to a greater biomass production and a lower assimilation portioning to vegetative organs, which caused a higher harvest index. The results could help farmers to optimize maize managements, especially in the region with decreased solar radiation under climate change.

Mission segment division of the whole aeroengine loading spectrum based on flight actions

This paper studies on a division method of the whole aeroengine loading spectrum flight mission segment and rotor speed mission segment,which is based on the actual flight actions and related to the flight operations of aeroengine and is suitable for the variable-speed aeroengines such as turbojet and turbofan.Through the research,the aeroengine loading spectrum operation-related mission segments can be divided,which can provide important data basis for the life research on the structures which are sensitive to flight maneuver(such as the main shaft,large gearbox and installation section),lay a foundation for the simulation,compilation and prediction of the whole aeroengine loading spectrum.Firstly,based on the summary of basic flight actions in actual flight,the division of flight mission segment was realized by programming.Moreover,the aeroengine rotor speed mission segments,associated with flight actions and missions,were divided based on the flight mission segment division results.Besides,the efficiency and accuracy of the mission segment division results were verified by adopting measured loading spectrum data.Finally,the characteristics of speed mission segment division results were compared and analyzed in tables and figures.The comparison results show that the characteristics of similar speed mission segments are similar,while the characteristics of different speed mission segments are different.And the shapes of similar mission segments vary to the change of flight actions and operations,which can reflect the operation-related feature of the segments.

铁电工程:铁电局部结构异质提高热电性能

GeTe是一种典型的铁电半导体,其性能可以通过掺杂各种元素进行优化.然而,由于难以直接观察铁电畴及其在温度和电流的实际工作条件下的演变,因此铁电畴壁对热电性能的影响仍然未知.本工作基于对未掺杂的和Sb掺杂的GeTe晶体中铁电畴和铁电畴壁的原位实验研究,探究了铁电畴和铁电畴壁在外加电场和温度下的动态演化.由于掺杂引入的Sb^(3+)和Ge空位的相互作用,产生了局部结构异质性,引入纳米尺寸的铁电畴,使畴尺寸减小、带电畴壁密度增大,从而大大提高了热电性能.这项工作揭示了铁电畴壁增强热电半导体性能的基本机制,为高性能热电材料的发展提供了新自由度.