Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.

Chimera states of phase oscillator populations with nonlocal higher-order couplings

The chimera states underlying many realistic dynamical processes have attracted ample attention in the area of dynamical systems.Here, we generalize the Kuramoto model with nonlocal coupling incorporating higher-order interactions encoded with simplicial complexes.Previous works have shown that higher-order interactions promote coherent states.However, we uncover the fact that the introduced higher-order couplings can significantly enhance the emergence of the incoherent state.Remarkably, we identify that the chimera states arise as a result of multi-attractors in dynamic states.Importantly, we review that the increasing higher-order interactions can significantly shape the emergent probability of chimera states.All the observed results can be well described in terms of the dimension reduction method.This study is a step forward in highlighting the importance of nonlocal higher-order couplings, which might provide control strategies for the occurrence of spatial-temporal patterns in networked systems.

Intensity-Dependent Dipole Phase in High-Order Harmonic Interferometry

High-order harmonics are ideal probes to resolve the attosecond dynamics of strong-field recollision processes.An easy-to-implement phase mask is utilized to covert the Gaussian beam to TEM01 transverse electromagnetic mode,allowing the realization of two-source interferometry of high-order harmonics.We experimentally measure the intensity dependence of dipole phase directly with high-order harmonic interferometry,in which the driving laser intensity can be precisely adjusted.The classical electron excursion simulations reproduce the experimental findings quite well,demonstrating that Coulomb potential plays subtle roles on movement of electrons for harmonics near the ionization threshold.This work is of great importance for precision measurements of ultrafast dynamics in strong-field physics.

Enhanced Extreme Ultraviolet Free Induction Decay Emission Assisted by Attosecond Pulses

We demonstrate the extreme ultraviolet free induction decay emission that can be significantly enhanced by employing isolated attosecond pulses.The near infrared pulses are applied to excite the neon atoms into Rydberg states coherently,and isolated attosecond pulses are used to manipulate populations of the Rydberg states and the subsequent free induction decay process.The time resolved experimental measurement of dependence of the resonance emission yield would help to understand the buildup dynamics of population of excited states.The enhancement assisted by attosecond pulses can serve as a mechanism to develop high-flux extreme ultraviolet light sources.

Arm motion control model based on central pattern generator

According to the theory of Matsuoka neural oscillators and with the con- sideration of the fact that the human upper arm mainly consists of six muscles, a new kind of central pattern generator （CPG） neural network consisting of six neurons is pro- posed to regulate the contraction of the upper arm muscles. To verify effectiveness of the proposed CPG network, an arm motion control model based on the CPG is established. By adjusting the CPG parameters, we obtain the neural responses of the network, the angles of joint and hand of the model with MATLAB. The simulation results agree with the results of crank rotation experiments designed by Ohta et al., showing that the arm motion control model based on a CPG network is reasonable and effective.

Cooperative behaviors of coupled nonidentical oscillators with the same equilibrium points

The cooperative behaviors resulted from the interaction of coupled identical oscillators have been investigated intensively.However,the coupled oscillators in practice are nonidentical,and there exist mismatched parameters.It has been proved that under certain conditions,complete synchronization can take place in coupled nonidentical oscillators with the same equilibrium points,yet other cooperative behaviors are not addressed.In this paper,we further consider two coupled nonidentical oscillators with the same equilibrium points,where one oscillator is convergent while the other is chaotic,and explore their cooperative behaviors.We find that the coupling mode and the coupling strength can bring the coupled oscillators to different cooperation behaviors in unidirectional or undirected couplings.In the case of directed coupling,death islands appear in two-parameter spaces.The mechanism inducing these transitions is presented.

Multi-omics joint analysis revealed the metabolic profile of retroperitoneal liposarcoma

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)is the main subtype of retroperitoneal soft sarcoma(RSTS)and has a poor prognosis and few treatment options,except for surgery.The proteomic and metabolic profiles of RLPS have remained unclear.The aim of our study was to reveal the metabolic profile of RLPS.Here,we performed proteomic analysis(n=10),metabolomic analysis(n=51),and lipidomic analysis(n=50)of retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma(RDDLPS)and retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma(RWDLPS)tissue and paired adjacent adipose tissue obtained during surgery.Data analysis mainly revealed that glycolysis,purine metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism and phospholipid formation were upregulated in both RDDLPS and RWDLPS tissue compared with the adjacent adipose tissue,whereas the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,lipid absorption and synthesis,fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis,as well as glycine,serine,and threonine metabolism were downregulated.Of particular importance,the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose and pentose phosphate pathway(PPP)inhibitor RRX-001 significantly promoted the antitumor effects of the MDM2 inhibitor RG7112 and CDK4 inhibitor abemaciclib.Our study not only describes the metabolic profiles of RDDLPS and RWDLPS,but also offers potential therapeutic targets and strategies for RLPS.

Development of a Haploid-Inducer Mediated Genome Editing System for Accelerating Maize Breeding

Crop breeding aims to generate pure in bred lines with multiple desired traits. Doubled haploid (DH) and genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 are two powerful game-changing technologies in crop breeding. However, both of them still fall short for rapid generation of pure elite lines with integrated favorable traits. Here, we report the development of a Haploid-Inducer Mediated Genome Editing (IMGE) approach, which utilizes a maize haploid inducer line carrying a CRISPR/Cas9 cassette targeting for a desired agronomic trait to pollinate an elite maize in bred line and to generate genome-edited haploids in the elite maize background. Homozygous pure DH lines with the desired trait improvement could be generated within two generations, thus bypassing the lengthy procedure of repeated crossing and backcrossing used in conventional breeding for integrating a desirable trait into elite commercial backgrounds.

Genome-wide Dissection of Co-selected UV-B Responsive Pathways in the UV-B Adaptation of Qingke

Qingke (Tibetan hulless barley) has long been cultivated and exposed to long-term and strong UV-B radiation on the Tibetan Plateau, which renders it an ideal species for elucidating novel UV-B responsive mechanisms in plants. Here we report a comprehensive metabolite profiling and metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) using 196 diverse qingke and barley accessions. Our results demonstrated both constitutive and induced accumulation, and common genetic regulation, of metabolites from different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway that are involved in UV-B protection. A total of 90 significant mGWAS loci for these metabolites were identified in barley-qingke differentiation regions, and a number of high-level metabolite trait alleles were found to be significantly enriched in qingke, suggesting co-selection of various phenylpropanoids. Upon dissecting the entire phenylpropanoid pathway, we identified some key determinants controlling natural variation of phenylpropanoid content, including three novel proteins, a flavone C-pentosyltransferase, a tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl acyltransferase, and a MYB transcription factor. Our study, furthermore, demonstrated co-selection of both constitutive and induced phenylpropanoids for UV-B protection in qingke.

FHY3 and FAR1 Integrate Light Signals with the miR156-SPL Module-Mediated Aging Pathway to Regulate Arabidopsis Flowering

In response to competition for light from their neighbors,shade-intolerant plants flower precociously to ensure reproductive success and survival.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this key developmental switch are not well understood.Here,we show that a pair of Arabidopsis transcription factors essential for phytochrome A signaling,FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3(FHY3)and FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1(FAR1),regulate flowering time by integrating environmental light signals with the miR156-SPL module-mediated aging pathway.We found that FHY3 and FAR1 directly interact with three flowering-promoting SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE(SPL)transcription factors,SPL3,SPL4,and SPL5,and inhibit their binding to the promoters of several key flowering regulatory genes,including FRUITFUL(FUL),LEAFY(LFY),APETALA1(AP1),and MIR172C,thus downregulating their transcript levels and delaying flowering.Under simulated shade conditions,levels of SPL3/4/5 proteins increase,whereas levels of FHY3 and FAR1 proteins decline,thus releasing SPL3/4/5 from FHY3/FAR1 inhibition to allow activation of FUL,LFY,AP1,and MIR172C and,consequently,early flowering.Taken together,these results unravel a novel mechanism whereby plants regulate flowering time by integrating environmental cues(such as light conditions)and an internal developmental program(the miR156-SPL module-mediated aging pathway).

Tunable luminescence and energy transfer in Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors for solid-state lighting

Single-phase Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors with adjustable luminescence were successfully prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction method.The structural,luminescent properties and ene rgy transfer(ET) process of Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(^(3+)),Eu^(3+)phosphors were syste matically analyzed with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),excitation spectra,emission spectra and photoluminescence decay curves.Tunable luminescence ranging from green through yellow and definitively to red can be achieved by elevating amounts of Eu^(3+)ions in Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)co-doped samples.Besides,the ET mechanism and efficiency were also analyzed and the maximum ET efficiency is 67%.All the results show that Y_(2)BaAl_(4)SiO_(12):Tb^(3+),Eu^(3+)phosphors can be used in solid-state lighting.

IRE1-RACK1 axis orchestrates ER stress preconditioning-elicited cytoprotection from ischemia/reperfusion injury in liver

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress is involved in ischemic preconditioning that protects various organs from ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury.We established an in vivo ER stress preconditioning model in which tunicamycin was injected into rats before hepatic I/R.The hepatic I/R injury,demonstrated by serum aminotransferase level and the ultra-structure of the liver,was alleviated by administration of tunicamycin,which induced ER stress in rat liver by activating inositol-requiring enzyme1(IRE1)andupregulating78 kDaglucose-regulated protein(GRP78).The proteomic identification for IRE1 binders revealed interaction and cooperation among receptor for activated C kinase 1(RACK1),phosphorylated AMPK,and IRE1 under ER stress conditions in a spatiotemporal manner.Furthermore,in vitro ER stress preconditioningwas induced by thapsigargin and tunicamycin in L02 and Hep G2 cells.Surprisingly,BCL2 was found to bephosphorylated by IRE1 under ER stress conditions to prevent apoptotic process by activation of autophagy.In conclusion,ER stress preconditioning protects against hepatic I/R injury,which is orchestrated by IRE1-RACK1 axis through the activation of BCL2.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathways underlying ER stress preconditioning-elicited cytoprotective effect against hepatic I/R injury.

Ferroelectric liquid crystals for fast switchable circular Dammann grating [Invited]

Diffractive optical elements attract a considerable amount of attention, mainly due to their potential applications in imaging coding, optical sensing, etc. Application of ferroelectric liquid crystals(FLCs) with photoalignment technology in diffractive optical elements results in a high efficiency and a fast response time. In this study we demonstrate a circular Dammann grating(CDG) with a diffraction efficiency of 84.5%. The achieved response time of 64 μs is approximately two orders of magnitude faster than the existing response time of nematic liquid crystal devices. By applying a low electric field(V = 6 V) to the FLC CDG, it is switched between the eight-order diffractive state and the transmissive diffraction-free state.

Micro-patterned liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry axilens

A liquid crystal Pancharatnam–Berry（PB） axilens is proposed and fabricated via a digital micro-mirrordevice-based photo-patterning system. The polarization-dependent device behaves as an axilens for a lefthanded circularly polarized incident beam, for which an optical ring is focused with a long focal depth in the transverse direction at the output, and an anti-axilens for a right-handed circularly polarized incident beam,for which an optical ring gradually expands at the output. The modification of the size and the sharpness of the diffracted ring beam is demonstrated by encoding a positive（negative） PB lens term into the director expression of a PB（anti-）axicon.

Microstructure Evolution,Tribological and Corrosion Properties of Amorphous Alloy Strengthening Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting in NaCl Solution

As a type of austenitic stainless steel,316L stainless steel has excellent plasticity,corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility,making it widely used in industries,especially in the marine environments.However,its lower yield strength and wear resistance are the obvious disadvantages that restrict its application in more fields.In this work,an Fe-based amorphous alloy(Fe^(am))was selected as reinforcement to enhance the 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting(SLM),and microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,tribological and corrosion performance of the SLMed samples were investigated in detail.The relative density values of both 316L stainless steel and Fe^(am)-reinforced samples are above 99%,which suggests that Fe^(am)-reinforced samples also have outstanding formability.In the as-etched micrograph,all of the SLMed samples exhibit cellular structure.Fe^(am)-reinforced samples have thicker sub-grain boundaries,and retained amorphous phase can be observed in the samples reinforced with 10 wt%and 15 wt%Fe^(am).As the addition of Fe^(am) increases,the microhardness and compression strength of the Fe^(am)-reinforced samples gradually improve and reach 449.2 HV and 2181.9 MPa,respectively.The wear morphologies show that the 316L stainless steel and Fe^(am)-reinforced samples both experience abrasive wear and corrosion wear in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution.Meanwhile,as the amount of Fe^(am) added increases,the coefficient of friction and wear rate of SLMed samples gradually decrease.Compared to the unreinforced sample,Fe^(am)-reinforced samples have lower corrosion current density and higher pitting potential according to the potentiodynamic polarization curves and also exhibit superior corrosion resistance in the salt spray environment.This work suggests that the addition of Fe-based amorphous alloy can improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of 316L stainless steel,as well as its ability to withstand salt spray corrosion.