Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons

The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS)on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd)over three consecutive rice seasons.1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 562.5–2250 kg/ha of LS was supplemented before the third rice planting season.The application of LS(1125–4500 kg/ha)increased the soil p H by 0.44–1.09,0.18–0.53,and 0.42–0.68 in the first,second,and third season,respectively,and decreased the soil acid-extractable Cd content by 18.2–36.4%,17.7–33.5%,and9.6–17.6%.LS application significantly decreased the Cd contents in the rice tissues.The application of 4500 kg/ha of LS decreased the Cd content in brown rice to below the National Food Limit Standard of 0.2 mg/kg(GB 2762-2017)in the three consecutive rice seasons.However,the effect of LS on the soil-rice system was significantly weakened in the third season.The supplementary application of 562.5–2250 kg/ha of LS further decreased the Cd content in brown rice by 26.1–56.5%and decreased the health risk index by 23.7–43.8%.Therefore,it was recommended to apply 4500 kg/ha of LS in the first season and to supplement2250 kg/ha of LS in the third season to effectively guarantee the clean production of rice in three consecutive rice seasons.

Combination of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for functional constipation:A meta-analysis

To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of using acupuncture with traditional Chinese medicine for functional constipation so as to provide the evidence-based data for clinical practice.Wanfang databases,CBM,VIP,CNKI,PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMbase were searched for trials based on randomization and control for use of acupuncture in combination with CHM for functional constipation published from the inception of the database to Dec.2019.We used the risk of bias of Cochrane Collaboration for literature quality assessment,extracted trial data in duplicate,and then assessed the risk of bias.The data were discussed by adopting Review Manager 5.3 program.A total of 22 RCTs with 2574 cases were retrieved.Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture with CHM could improve the clinical effectiveness(OR6.10,95%CI 4.72–7.87,P<0.00001);heterogeneity was not identified(Chi^(2)=32.84,P=0.43,I^(2)=2%),and the difference was statistically significant.Second-level outcomes(e.g.,defecation interval time(P<0.00001),Bristol Stool Scale(P=0.002),defecation difficulty(P=0.01)and accompanying symptoms(P<0.00001))in the treatment groups were significantly different after the acupuncture with CHM compared with control groups,whereas defecation symptoms were not significantly different(P=0.06).The use of acupuncture with CHM can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of functional constipation,ameliorate Bristol Stool Scale,defecation difficulty,defecation symptoms,and accompanying symptoms,as well as shorten the defecation interval time,with better safety.