Discussion on Serum Technique and Cryopreservation Technique in the Culture of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells are a kind of highly differentiated cells in hepatic sinusoids, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells are often used in the study of liver fibrosis. In the process of culturing liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, the treatment of serum for culture and cryopreservation of cells are relatively complicated and error-prone. If the technical details of serum treatment and cell cryopreservation are not handled properly, it will have a more obvious effect on the effect of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell culture. We have gained experience in the theoretical study of liver fibrosis and the operation of cell culture experiments, and this paper summarized the details of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell culture such as the problems of serum preservation, thawing, precipitates and heat inactivation, as well as methods and precautions for cell cryopreservation.

Wettability-driven synergistic resistance of scale and oil on robust superamphiphobic coating

Disgusting deposits(e.g.,scale and crude oil)in daily life and industrial production are always serious problems,posing great threats to the safety and economic development.However,most of developed coatings can only conquer one part of these deposits such as superhydrophobic coatings possess antiscaling capacity but would adhere crude oil.To integrate scale resistance with oil repellence,we herein report a robust superamphiphobic(SAB)coating simultaneously reducing pollution of scale and oil for extended period of time(two weeks with over 98%reduction).Compared with single role of superhydrophobic and amphiphilic surfaces,the SAB coating can not only inhibit interfacial nucleation of scale but also reduce the adhesion of formed scale and polluted oil.The durability of the SAB coating is evaluated via mechanical tests(sandpaper abrasion,tape stripping and sand falling)and chemical corrosion(corrosive liquid immersing),revealed by sustainable high contact angles and low contact angle hysteresis of water and oil.The universality of this strategy can be further confirmed by adding different particles like kaolin,Al_(2)O_(3),and SiO_(2),resisting multiple types of scale(i.e.,CaSO_(4),BaSO_(4)and MgCO_(3))and oil(i.e.,glycerol,glycol,and mineral oil).Therefore,this study provides an ideal avenue for resisting scale and oil,which may be used for conquering the complexity of application environments(e.g.,oil production and transportation).