Enhancing Schwann cell proliferation may be beneficial for peripheral nerve repair and nerve regeneration. A traditional herbal formula composed of Fuling (poria cocos), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala), and Dan...Enhancing Schwann cell proliferation may be beneficial for peripheral nerve repair and nerve regeneration. A traditional herbal formula composed of Fuling (poria cocos), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala), and Danggui (Angelica sinensis) (FBD) improves neuronal survival and growth, and FBD may promote the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. However, the mechanism underlying Schwann cell proliferation remains unclear. We tested whether FBD enhanced the proliferation of human Schwann cells. FBD (20 ug/mL) increased Schwann cell viability and survival and increased the number of cells at G2/M and S phases. FBD also increased nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in Schwann cells, with maximum efficacy at 20 ug/mL.展开更多
A conservative scheme of kinetic electrons for gyrokinetic simulations in the presence of magnetic islands has been implemented and verified in the gyrokinetic toroidal code, where zonal and nonzonal components of all...A conservative scheme of kinetic electrons for gyrokinetic simulations in the presence of magnetic islands has been implemented and verified in the gyrokinetic toroidal code, where zonal and nonzonal components of all perturbed quantities are solved together. Using this new conservative scheme, linear simulation of kinetic ballooning mode has been successfully benchmarked with the electromagnetic hybrid model. Simulations of nonlinear interactions between magnetic islands and the ion temperature gradient(ITG) mode in a tokamak show that the islands rotate at the electron diamagnetic drift velocity. The linear ITG structure shifts from the island O-point toward the X-point due to the pressure flattening effect inside the islands, and the nonlinear ITG structure peaks along the magnetic island separatrix because of the increased pressure gradient there.展开更多
Global linear gyrokinetic simulations using realistic DIII-D tokamak geometry and plasma profiles find co-existence of unstable reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes(RSAE)with low toroidal mode number n and electromag...Global linear gyrokinetic simulations using realistic DIII-D tokamak geometry and plasma profiles find co-existence of unstable reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes(RSAE)with low toroidal mode number n and electromagnetic ion temperature gradient(ITG)instabilities with higher toroidal mode number n.For intermediate n?=?[10,12],RSAE and ITG co-exist and overlap weakly in the radial domain with similar growth rates but different real frequencies.Both RSAE and ITG growth rates decrease less than 5%when compressible magnetic perturbations are neglected in the simulations.The ITG growth rates increase less than 7%when fast ions are not included in the simulations.Finally,the effects of trapped electrons on the RSAE are negligible.展开更多
Gyrokinetic simulations of DIII-D tokamak equilibrium find that resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)drives a neoclassical non-ambipolar electron particle flux,which causes a rapid change of equilibrium radial electric ...Gyrokinetic simulations of DIII-D tokamak equilibrium find that resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)drives a neoclassical non-ambipolar electron particle flux,which causes a rapid change of equilibrium radial electric fields consistent with experimental observations during the suppression of the edge localized mode(ELM).The simulation results provide a support for the conjecture that RMP-induced changes of radial electric fields lead to the enhanced turbulent transport at the pedestal top during the ELM suppression(Taimourzadeh et al 2019 Nucl.Fusion59046005).Furthermore,gyrokinetic simulations of collisionless damping of zonal flows show that resonant responses to the RMP decrease the residual level of the zonal flows and damp the geodesic acoustic mode.展开更多
The energetic-particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode(EGAM)is studied using gyrokinetic particle simulations in tokamak plasmas.In our simulations,exponentially growing EGAMs are excited by energetic particles with a ...The energetic-particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode(EGAM)is studied using gyrokinetic particle simulations in tokamak plasmas.In our simulations,exponentially growing EGAMs are excited by energetic particles with a slowing-down distribution.The frequencies of EGAMs are always below the frequencies of GAMs,which is due to the non-perturbative contribution of energetic particles(EPs).The mode structures of EGAMs are similar to the corresponding mode structures of GAMs.Our gyrokinetic simulations show that a high EP density can enhance the EGAM growth rate,due to high EP free energy,and that EPs’temperature and the pitch angle of the distribution modify the EGAM frequency/growth rate by means of the resonance condition.Kinetic effects of the thermal electrons barely change the EGAM frequency,and have a weak damping effect on the EGAM.Benchmarks between the gyrokinetic particle simulations and a local EGAM dispersion relation exhibit good agreement in terms of EGAM frequency and growth rate.展开更多
The influences of the temperature gradient and toroidal effects on drift-tearing modes have been studied using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal code.After the thermal force term is introduced into the parallel electron force ...The influences of the temperature gradient and toroidal effects on drift-tearing modes have been studied using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal code.After the thermal force term is introduced into the parallel electron force balance equation,the equilibrium temperature gradient can cause a significant increase in the growth rate of the drift-tearing mode and a broadening of the mode structure.The simulation results show that the toroidal effects increase the growth rate of the drift-tearing mode,and the contours of the perturbation field“squeeze”toward the stronger field side in the poloidal section.Finally,the hybrid model for fluid electrons and kinetic ions has been studied briefly,and the dispersion relation of the drift-tearing mode under the influence of ion finite Larmor radius effects is obtained.Compared with the dispersion relation under the fluid model,a stabilizing effect of the ion finite Larmor radius is observed.展开更多
Coinfusion of unrelated cord blood(UCB)units in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation(haplo-HCT)(haplo-cord HCT)for hematopoietic malignancies showed promising results in previous reports,but the efficienc...Coinfusion of unrelated cord blood(UCB)units in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation(haplo-HCT)(haplo-cord HCT)for hematopoietic malignancies showed promising results in previous reports,but the efficiency of haplo-cord HCT in acute myeloid leukemia(AML)still lacks sufficient evidence.This multicenter,randomized,phase 3 trial(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03719534)aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of haplo-cord HCT in AML patients.A total of 268 eligible patients aged 18-60 years,diagnosed with measurable residual disease in AML(excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia),with available haploidentical donors and suitable for allotransplantation,were randomly allocated(1:1)to receive haplo-cord HCT(n=134)or haplo-HCT(n=134).The 3-year overall survival(OS)was the primary endpoint in this study.Overall median follow-up was 36.50 months(IQR 24.75-46.50).The 3-year OS of Haplo-cord HCT group was better than haplo-HCT group(80.5%,95%confidence interval[CI]:73.7-87.9 vs.67.8%95%CI 60.0-76.5,p=0.013).Favorable progression-free survival(70.3%,95%CI 62.6-78.8 vs.57.6%,95%CI 49.6-67.0,p=0.012)and cumulative incidence of relapse(12.1%,95%CI 12.0-12.2 vs.30.3%,95%CI 30.1-30.4,p=0.024)were observed in haplo-cord HCT group.Grade 3-4 adverse events(AEs)within two years posttransplantation in the two groups were similar.Haplo-cord HCT patients exhibited a faster cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery(p=0.026)and increased T-cell reconstitution in the early period posttransplantation.Haplo-cord HCT can improve OS in AML patients without excessive AEs,which may exert additional benefits for recipients of haplo-HCT.展开更多
Adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is a rare histological type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,which includes both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.The clinical features,physical examination,routine laboratory t...Adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is a rare histological type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,which includes both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.The clinical features,physical examination,routine laboratory tests,and imaging examinations of patients with ASC are nonspecific.ASC is easily misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma,and patients with ASC always have a poor prognosis.This study reports a patient with ASC who was diagnosed based on pathological results,underwent surgical resection,and received postoperative chemotherapy(gemcitabine plus cisplatin)combined with immunotherapy(sintilimab).During the 1-year follow-up,the patient was in good condition,and no signs of cancer recurrence were noted.This case highlights that surgical resection and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy may be feasible for patients with ASC.展开更多
A method for gyrokinetic simulation of low frequency(lower than the cyclotron frequency)magnetic compressional modes in general geometry is presented.The gyrokinetic-Maxwell system of equations is expressed fully in t...A method for gyrokinetic simulation of low frequency(lower than the cyclotron frequency)magnetic compressional modes in general geometry is presented.The gyrokinetic-Maxwell system of equations is expressed fully in terms of the compressional component of the magnetic perturbation,δBk,with finite Larmor radius effects.This introduces a"gyro-surface"averaging ofδBk in the gyrocenter equations of motion,and similarly in the perpendicular Ampere’s law,which takes the form of the perpendicular force balance equation.The resulting system can be numerically implemented by representing the gyro-surface averaging by a discrete sum in the configuration space.For the typical wavelength of interest(on the order of the gyroradius),the gyro-surface averaging can be reduced to averaging along an effective gyro-orbit.The phase space integration in the force balance equation can be approximated by summing over carefully chosen samples in the magnetic moment coordinate,allowing for an efficient numerical implementation.展开更多
This special issue originated from Workshop on the Frontiers on Computational Physics,in Honor of Professor Xian-Iu He's 70th Birthday,which was held in the Chinese University of Hong Kong on October 1-2,2007 and ...This special issue originated from Workshop on the Frontiers on Computational Physics,in Honor of Professor Xian-Iu He's 70th Birthday,which was held in the Chinese University of Hong Kong on October 1-2,2007 and consists primarily of contributions by participants in the Workshop together with some friends of Professor He.展开更多
This special issue includes a collection of invited papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas(ICNSP),which took place from October 10-12,2007 in Austin,Texas,and at the t...This special issue includes a collection of invited papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas(ICNSP),which took place from October 10-12,2007 in Austin,Texas,and at the traditional US-Japan Workshop on Simulation Science preceding the 20th ICNSP at the same location.The purpose of the biannual conference is to highlight major adv ances in computational plasma physics since the 19th ICNSP held in July,2005 in Nara,Japan.展开更多
基金the Korea Health R&D Project,No.A080863,Granted by Ministry of Health and Welfare,Republic of Korea
文摘Enhancing Schwann cell proliferation may be beneficial for peripheral nerve repair and nerve regeneration. A traditional herbal formula composed of Fuling (poria cocos), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala), and Danggui (Angelica sinensis) (FBD) improves neuronal survival and growth, and FBD may promote the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. However, the mechanism underlying Schwann cell proliferation remains unclear. We tested whether FBD enhanced the proliferation of human Schwann cells. FBD (20 ug/mL) increased Schwann cell viability and survival and increased the number of cells at G2/M and S phases. FBD also increased nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in Schwann cells, with maximum efficacy at 20 ug/mL.
基金supported by the China National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program (Grant No. 2018YFE0304100)the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (Sci DAC) program under Award Number DE-SC0018270 (Sci DAC ISEP Center)+2 种基金the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201306010032)resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725)the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231)
文摘A conservative scheme of kinetic electrons for gyrokinetic simulations in the presence of magnetic islands has been implemented and verified in the gyrokinetic toroidal code, where zonal and nonzonal components of all perturbed quantities are solved together. Using this new conservative scheme, linear simulation of kinetic ballooning mode has been successfully benchmarked with the electromagnetic hybrid model. Simulations of nonlinear interactions between magnetic islands and the ion temperature gradient(ITG) mode in a tokamak show that the islands rotate at the electron diamagnetic drift velocity. The linear ITG structure shifts from the island O-point toward the X-point due to the pressure flattening effect inside the islands, and the nonlinear ITG structure peaks along the magnetic island separatrix because of the increased pressure gradient there.
基金supported by the China National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program(Grant No.2018YFE0304100)the US Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Office of Fusion Energy Sciences,and the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing(Sci DAC)program under Award No.DE-SC0018270(Sci DAC ISEP Center)+2 种基金the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201806010067)used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory(DOE Contract No.DEAC05-00OR22725)the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(DOE Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231)
文摘Global linear gyrokinetic simulations using realistic DIII-D tokamak geometry and plasma profiles find co-existence of unstable reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes(RSAE)with low toroidal mode number n and electromagnetic ion temperature gradient(ITG)instabilities with higher toroidal mode number n.For intermediate n?=?[10,12],RSAE and ITG co-exist and overlap weakly in the radial domain with similar growth rates but different real frequencies.Both RSAE and ITG growth rates decrease less than 5%when compressible magnetic perturbations are neglected in the simulations.The ITG growth rates increase less than 7%when fast ions are not included in the simulations.Finally,the effects of trapped electrons on the RSAE are negligible.
基金supported by the China National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program(Nos.2017YFE0301300 and 2018YFE0304100)the US Department of Energy(DOE)grant DE-SC0020413 and Sci DAC ISEP CenterPrinceton Plasma Physics Laboratory under Contract DE-AC02-09CH11466。
文摘Gyrokinetic simulations of DIII-D tokamak equilibrium find that resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)drives a neoclassical non-ambipolar electron particle flux,which causes a rapid change of equilibrium radial electric fields consistent with experimental observations during the suppression of the edge localized mode(ELM).The simulation results provide a support for the conjecture that RMP-induced changes of radial electric fields lead to the enhanced turbulent transport at the pedestal top during the ELM suppression(Taimourzadeh et al 2019 Nucl.Fusion59046005).Furthermore,gyrokinetic simulations of collisionless damping of zonal flows show that resonant responses to the RMP decrease the residual level of the zonal flows and damp the geodesic acoustic mode.
基金Supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program(Grant Nos.2018YFE0304100,2018YFE0311300 and 2017YFE0301300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11675256,11675257,11835016,11875067 and 11705275)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB16010300)the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SYS016)the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.112111KYSB20160039)。
文摘The energetic-particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode(EGAM)is studied using gyrokinetic particle simulations in tokamak plasmas.In our simulations,exponentially growing EGAMs are excited by energetic particles with a slowing-down distribution.The frequencies of EGAMs are always below the frequencies of GAMs,which is due to the non-perturbative contribution of energetic particles(EPs).The mode structures of EGAMs are similar to the corresponding mode structures of GAMs.Our gyrokinetic simulations show that a high EP density can enhance the EGAM growth rate,due to high EP free energy,and that EPs’temperature and the pitch angle of the distribution modify the EGAM frequency/growth rate by means of the resonance condition.Kinetic effects of the thermal electrons barely change the EGAM frequency,and have a weak damping effect on the EGAM.Benchmarks between the gyrokinetic particle simulations and a local EGAM dispersion relation exhibit good agreement in terms of EGAM frequency and growth rate.
基金Supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program(Grant Nos.2018YFE0304100,2018YFE0311300,and 2017YFE0301300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11675256,11675257,11835016,and 11705275)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB16010300)the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SYS016)the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.112111KYSB20160039).
文摘The influences of the temperature gradient and toroidal effects on drift-tearing modes have been studied using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal code.After the thermal force term is introduced into the parallel electron force balance equation,the equilibrium temperature gradient can cause a significant increase in the growth rate of the drift-tearing mode and a broadening of the mode structure.The simulation results show that the toroidal effects increase the growth rate of the drift-tearing mode,and the contours of the perturbation field“squeeze”toward the stronger field side in the poloidal section.Finally,the hybrid model for fluid electrons and kinetic ions has been studied briefly,and the dispersion relation of the drift-tearing mode under the influence of ion finite Larmor radius effects is obtained.Compared with the dispersion relation under the fluid model,a stabilizing effect of the ion finite Larmor radius is observed.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2502700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108003,82370213,82370215,82300242,82070187,82000180)+5 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(CXZX202201)Excellent Youth Science Fund of Jiangsu Province(BK20211553)Suzhou Science Project(SKY2021104,SKY2021039)Suzhou Science and Technology Project(SLT201911)Translational Research Grant of NCRCH(2021ZKMB01).
文摘Coinfusion of unrelated cord blood(UCB)units in haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation(haplo-HCT)(haplo-cord HCT)for hematopoietic malignancies showed promising results in previous reports,but the efficiency of haplo-cord HCT in acute myeloid leukemia(AML)still lacks sufficient evidence.This multicenter,randomized,phase 3 trial(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03719534)aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of haplo-cord HCT in AML patients.A total of 268 eligible patients aged 18-60 years,diagnosed with measurable residual disease in AML(excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia),with available haploidentical donors and suitable for allotransplantation,were randomly allocated(1:1)to receive haplo-cord HCT(n=134)or haplo-HCT(n=134).The 3-year overall survival(OS)was the primary endpoint in this study.Overall median follow-up was 36.50 months(IQR 24.75-46.50).The 3-year OS of Haplo-cord HCT group was better than haplo-HCT group(80.5%,95%confidence interval[CI]:73.7-87.9 vs.67.8%95%CI 60.0-76.5,p=0.013).Favorable progression-free survival(70.3%,95%CI 62.6-78.8 vs.57.6%,95%CI 49.6-67.0,p=0.012)and cumulative incidence of relapse(12.1%,95%CI 12.0-12.2 vs.30.3%,95%CI 30.1-30.4,p=0.024)were observed in haplo-cord HCT group.Grade 3-4 adverse events(AEs)within two years posttransplantation in the two groups were similar.Haplo-cord HCT patients exhibited a faster cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery(p=0.026)and increased T-cell reconstitution in the early period posttransplantation.Haplo-cord HCT can improve OS in AML patients without excessive AEs,which may exert additional benefits for recipients of haplo-HCT.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2022A1515010519)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of China(No.202201020439).
文摘Adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is a rare histological type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,which includes both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.The clinical features,physical examination,routine laboratory tests,and imaging examinations of patients with ASC are nonspecific.ASC is easily misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma,and patients with ASC always have a poor prognosis.This study reports a patient with ASC who was diagnosed based on pathological results,underwent surgical resection,and received postoperative chemotherapy(gemcitabine plus cisplatin)combined with immunotherapy(sintilimab).During the 1-year follow-up,the patient was in good condition,and no signs of cancer recurrence were noted.This case highlights that surgical resection and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy may be feasible for patients with ASC.
基金supported by National Science Foundation and U.S.Department of Energy grants.
文摘A method for gyrokinetic simulation of low frequency(lower than the cyclotron frequency)magnetic compressional modes in general geometry is presented.The gyrokinetic-Maxwell system of equations is expressed fully in terms of the compressional component of the magnetic perturbation,δBk,with finite Larmor radius effects.This introduces a"gyro-surface"averaging ofδBk in the gyrocenter equations of motion,and similarly in the perpendicular Ampere’s law,which takes the form of the perpendicular force balance equation.The resulting system can be numerically implemented by representing the gyro-surface averaging by a discrete sum in the configuration space.For the typical wavelength of interest(on the order of the gyroradius),the gyro-surface averaging can be reduced to averaging along an effective gyro-orbit.The phase space integration in the force balance equation can be approximated by summing over carefully chosen samples in the magnetic moment coordinate,allowing for an efficient numerical implementation.
文摘This special issue originated from Workshop on the Frontiers on Computational Physics,in Honor of Professor Xian-Iu He's 70th Birthday,which was held in the Chinese University of Hong Kong on October 1-2,2007 and consists primarily of contributions by participants in the Workshop together with some friends of Professor He.
文摘This special issue includes a collection of invited papers presented at the 20th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Plasmas(ICNSP),which took place from October 10-12,2007 in Austin,Texas,and at the traditional US-Japan Workshop on Simulation Science preceding the 20th ICNSP at the same location.The purpose of the biannual conference is to highlight major adv ances in computational plasma physics since the 19th ICNSP held in July,2005 in Nara,Japan.