miR-665通过靶向调控LLGL1促进小细胞肺癌生物学行为的研究

背景与目的MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一种广泛存在于真核生物体中的非编码小分子RNA,尽管一些miRNA在肿瘤中作用已被发现,但是miR-665对小细胞肺癌的中的表达及影响还尚不清楚。本研究旨在分析miR-665对肺癌细胞增殖、周期、侵袭和迁移的影响,探讨miR-665在小细胞肺癌中发挥的作用及其工作机制。方法qRT-PCR检测miR-665在肺癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达水平;TargetScan预测miR-665的潜在靶基因并用双荧光素酶报告基因实验、qRT-PCR和Western blot进行验证;免疫组化、qRT-PCR和Western blot检测LLGL1在肺癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达水平;CCK8法、流式细胞法、Transwell和细胞划痕实验检测miR-665和LLGL1对肺癌细胞NCI-H446、NCI-H1688增殖、侵袭、迁移以及S期细胞比值的影响;构建肺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型并观察miR-665对小鼠肿瘤生长的影响。结果miR-665在肺癌组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织;miR-665能靶向作用于LLGL1的3’-UTR并抑制其表达;相比于癌旁正常组织,LLGL1在肺癌组织中的表达水平明显降低;抑制miR-665的表达可以抑制肺癌NCI-H446细胞的增殖、S期细胞比值、侵袭和迁移能力,而干扰LLGL1能逆转这种抑制效果;上调miR-665则促进肺癌NCI-H1688的增殖、S期细胞比值、侵袭和迁移能力,但这种促进效果同样被LLGL1的过表达逆转;在肺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型中,抑制miR-665能上调LLGL1蛋白的表达并抑制肿瘤的生长,而上调miR-665的表达则可以产生相反的结果。结论miR-665表达水平的变化与肺癌密切相关,miR-665可以通过抑制其靶基因LLGL1的表达促进肺癌细胞的生物学行为,在小细胞肺癌中发挥促癌基因的作用。

Pancreatic cancer and its stroma: A conspiracy theory

Pancreatic cancer is characterised by a prominent desmoplastic/stromal reaction that has received little attention until recent times. Given that treatments focusing on pancreatic cancer cells alone have failed to significantly improve patient outcome over many decades, research efforts have now moved to understanding the pathophysiology of the stromal reaction and its role in cancer progression. In this regard, our Group was the first to identify the cells(pancreatic stellate cells, PSCs) that produced the collagenous stroma of pancreatic cancer and to demonstrate that these cells interacted closely with cancer cells to facilitate local tumour growth and distant metastasis. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that stromal PSCs may also mediate angiogenesis, immune evasion and the well known resistance of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review will summarise current knowledge regarding the critical role of pancreatic stellate cells and the stroma in pancreatic cancer biologyand the therapeutic approaches being developed to target the stroma in a bid to improve the outcome of this devastating disease.

Plants regenerated from mesophyll protoplasts of white mulberry

Morus alba(white mulberry) mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from leaves of 30-45 day old sterile shoots,with protoplast yields of 2.5 x 107 g-1/F.W. after purification. The protoplasts were cultured in a modified K8P liquid medium containing 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D(2,4- Dichlorophe-noxy acetic acid), 1 mg/L NAA(Naphthyl acetic acid) and 0.5 mg/L BA(6-benzylaminopurine). A low plating density (5 x 104/ml) proved to be favourable to the division of protoplast-derived cells. The first divisioll occurred 4 days after culture, and the division frequency reached 24% at 10 days. A number of cell colonies and microcalli formed in 6 weeks. The microcalli were transferred onto MSB medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA for further proliferation. Shoot formation was initiated when the calli of 3-4 mm in size were transferred onto MSB differentiation medium with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BA. The frequency of shoot formation was 35%. The shoots of 4-5 cm in height were excised from the callus and rooted on half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.1 mg/L BA. After transplantation into pots, the regenerated plants grew vigorously in the phytotron.

Temperature field simulation of polyolefin-absorber mixture by FDTD-FDM model during microwave heating

This work has performed a numerical simulation of the temperature field during microwave heating of polyolefin-absorber mixture by means of a combined electric and thermal model.A finite difference time domain was used to model the electric field distribution within the cavity,while the finite difference method was used to calculate the temperature field distribution in different reactors.This study has focused only on the process from room temperature to 500 K for reducing heating time and energy consumption.This temperature range is a process with high energy consumption,difficult to control and great influence on the follow-up reaction.Temperature dependence of dielectric properties and thermal properties of heated materials are fully considered and simulated through an iterative process.The simulation results show that input power,the size and location of the heated materials,the position of the waveguide,and the kinds of microwave absorbers are important factors affecting the heating process.As a result,the uniform temperature distribution(the temperature difference Tdb10 K)can be achieved by choosing the appropriate input power(500–2000 W),the appropriate proportion of microwave absorber(the volume ratio of Si C to HDPE is 30:70),and combining with the moving and rotating of the heated materials.The uniform temperature field obtained without mechanical stirring is very important for reducing energy consumption and subsequent reactions.

The steady-state and dynamic simulation of cascade distillation system for the production of oxygen-18 isotope from water

Accurate simulation of water distillation system for oxygen-18(18O) isotope separation is necessary to guide industrial practice, since both deuterium(D) and oxygen-18 isotope get enriched and interfere with each other. In the present work, steady-state and dynamic distillation models are established based on a classic method and a cascade distillation system with 5 towers is introduced to test the models. The theoretical expressions of separation factor αH/Dfor protium/deuterium and separation factor α^(16)O/^(18) O.for oxygen-16/oxygen-18 were derived,with the existence of deuterium and oxygen-18, respectively. The results of the steady-state simulation by the classical method proposed in the present work agreed well with the results of the lumping method. The dynamic process could be divided into 5 stages. Impressively, a peak value of product withdraw was observed before the final steady state, which was resulted from the change of ^(16)O/^(18) O separation factor and isotope distribution. An interesting low concentration zone in the towers of T2–T5 existed at the beginning of the dynamic process and it required industrial evidence.

Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese species of Acanthaleyrodes Takahashi(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Two species in the genus Acanthaleyrodes Takahashi(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from China, A. callicarpae Takahashi and A. styraci Takahashi are reported in this paper. The diagnosis, distribution, host plant and morphological illustrations of these two species are provided. An identification key to the puparia of Chinese Acanthaleyrodes species is given.

Studies on the Analgesic Activity and Acute Toxicities of Bidens alba(L.) DC

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the analgesic effects and acute toxicities of Bidens alba (L.) DC.[Methods]The alcohol extract of B.alba (L.) DC was extracted and separated with petroleum ether and chloroform successively.The acute toxicities of the two extracts on mice were measured,and then the analgesic effects were measured with writhing pain model induced by acetic acid.[Results]No mice died when the crude dosages of B.alba (L.) DC from petroleum ether extract and chloroform extract were 5 016 and 5 100 mg/kg,respectively.When the petroleum ether extract was 60.0 mg/kg,the percentage of twisted mice induced by acetic acid was 40%,the analgesic rate was 77.5%,and the time of the first writhing was (294.0±165.8) s;when the chloroform extract was 20.0 mg/kg,the percentage of twisted animals was 55.6%,the analgesic rate was 51.5%,and the time of the first writhing was (273.8 ±153.4) s;and when the chloroform extract was 4.0 mg/kg,the percentage of twisted animals was 40%,and the analgesic rate was 62.1%,and the time of the first writhing was (370.6±231.3) s.[Conclusions]The petroleum ether extracts and chloroform extracts of B.alba (L.) DC have good analgesic effects and no acute toxicities.

High-Throughput MicroRNA and mRNA Sequencing Reveals that MicroRNAs May Be Involved in Pectinesterase-Mediated Cold Resistance in Potato

Since potato cultivars are sensitive to low temperature,cold injury severely affects the geographical distribution and yield of potato.Although some miRNAs have been identified in response to cold stress in plants,there is no report about the role of miRNAs in the response to cold stress in potato.Here,via high throughput sequencing,we described the profiling of cold stress response to miRNA and mRNA in potato.Two small RNA and six mRNA libraries were constructed and sequenced.296 known and 211 novel miRNAs were identified,in which 34 miRNAs in Cold Group(CG)had the higher expression quantity than which in Normal Group(NG)and 32 in CG had lower expression quantity than which in NG.3068 differentially expressed genes were detected between NG and CG,in which 1400 genes were up-regulated and 1668 genes were down-regulated.The metabolism pathway of starch and sucrose(ko00500)is the common KEGG pathway in differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA.In this pathway,StuPME21575 and StuPME42971 are pectinesterase which mainly catalyzes the pectin-forming pectate,which are controlled by stu-miR6023 and stu-novel-miR42365.As the potato suffering cold stress,these two miRNAs expression levels became higher,but their target genes expression levels were just opposite and this result is the same with qRT-PCR.

Contribution to the knowledge of Tetraleurodes Cockerell(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in China

Five species in the genus Tetraleurodes Cockerell(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)known to occur in China were studied.Tetraleurodes thenmozhiae Jesudasan and David is recognized as a newly recorded species to China and is redescribed with morphological illustrations and photographs taken with a scanning electron microscope(SEM).Comments on the other four species,T.acaciae(Quaintance),T.neemani Bink-Moenen,T.graminis Takahashi and T.oplismeni Takahashi are provided.An identification key to the puparia of Chinese Tetraleurodes species is given.Specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Agriculture&Forestry University,Hangzhou,China.

Enhancing osteogenic bioactivities of coaxial electrospinning nanoscaffolds through incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles and icaritin for bone regeneration

Bone tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for the treatment of bone defects.Nonetheless,the clinical utilization of biomaterial-based scaffolds is constrained by their inadequate mechanical strength and absence of osteo-inductive properties.Here,we proposed to endow nano-scaffold(NS)constructed by coaxial electrospinning technique with enhanced osteogenic bioactivities and mechanical properties by incorporating biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)and icaritin(ICA).Four types of nano-scaffolds(NS,ICA@NS,NS-IONPs and ICA@NS-IONPs)were prepared.The incorporation of ICA and IONPs minimally impact their surface morphological and chemical properties.IONPs enhanced the mechanical properties of NS scaffolds,including hardness,tensile strength,and elastic modulus.In vitro assessments demonstrated that ICA@NS-IONPs exhibited enhanced osteogenic bioactivities towards mouse calvarial pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 as evidenced by detecting the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity level,expressions of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins as well as mineralized nodule formation.Mechanistic investigations revealed that MEK/ERK(MAP kinase-ERK kinase(MEK)/extracellularsignal-regulated kinase(ERK))signaling pathway could offer a plausible explanation for the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells induced by ICA@NS-IONPs.Furthermore,the implantation of nano-scaffolds in rat skull defects exhibited a substantial improvement in in vivo bone regeneration.Therefore,IONPs and ICA incorporated coaxial electrospinning nano-scaffolds present a novel strategy for the optimization of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

3D-printed fish gelatin scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic disease caused by the deterioration of the knee joint due to various factors such as aging,trauma,and obesity,and the nonrenewable nature of the injured cartilage makes the treatment of osteoarthritis challenging.Here,we present a three-dimensional(3D)printed porous multilayer scaffold based on cold-water fish skin gelatin for osteoarticular cartilage regeneration.To make the scaffold,cold-water fish skin gelatin was combined with sodium alginate to increase viscosity,printability,and mechanical strength,and the hybrid hydrogel was printed according to a pre-designed specific structure using 3D printing technology.Then,the printed scaffolds underwent a double-crosslinking process to enhance their mechanical strength even further.These scaffolds mimic the structure of the original cartilage network in a way that allows chondrocytes to adhere,proliferate,and communicate with each other,transport nutrients,and prevent further damage to the joint.More importantly,we found that cold-water fish gelatin scaffolds were nonimmunogenic,nontoxic,and biodegradable.We also implanted the scaffold into defective rat cartilage for 12 weeks and achieved satisfactory repair results in this animal model.Thus,cold-water fish skin gelatin scaffolds may have broad application potential in regenerative medicine.

Improved Control Strategy for Carbonized Cable Preparation in Low-voltage Arc Fault Test

Outdated testing methods hinder the success rate of carbonized cable preparation in low-voltage arc fault tests,leading to incomplete tests and high failure rates.To address this issue,we finely categorized the preparation results of carbonized cable specimens by analyzing the experimental phenomena during the carbonization process and assessing the impact of high-voltage energization time on the outcomes,presenting a process control strategy aimed at optimizing the preparation results of carbonized cable specimens.This method utilizes three periodic moving algorithms(root-mean-square,average,and shoulder percentage)to classify the cable specimens into four preparation categories:open-circuit carbonization,under-carbonization,short-circuit carbonization,and successful carbonization.The high-voltage energization time during carbonization or secondary carbonization was adjusted to optimize the preparation of the carbonized cables by considering different discrimination outcomes.Finally,the proposed method was tested on a purpose-built carbonized cable experimental platform,which confirmed its effectiveness in differentiating the preparation outcomes of the carbonized cable specimens and improving the success rate of the carbonized cable preparation.The proposed method has significant potential for application in low-voltage arc fault test systems.

“人民科学家”叶渚沛——纪念叶渚沛先生诞辰120周年

中国科学院院士、中国科学院化工冶金研究所创始人叶渚沛(1902-1971)先生,是享誉世界的冶金学家,是我国化工冶金学科的先驱者和奠基人,是一位伟大的爱国者,曾任第三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员。叶渚沛先生率先在我国倡导和组织开拓了氧气转炉炼钢技术,为我国钢铁工业的发展写下了光辉的一页;他标新立异,提出了强化高炉冶炼的“三高一喷”基本理论,并指导实施,使我国高炉生产技术的水平达到世界前列.

An ACC Oxidase Gene Essential for Cucumber Carpel Development

Sex determination in plants gives rise to unisexual flowers that facilitate outcrossing and enhance genetic diversity. In cucumber and melon, ethylene promotes carpel development and arrests sta- men development. Five sex-determination genes have been identified, including four encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate （ACC） synthase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis, and a transcription factor gene CmWIP1 that corresponds to the Mendelian locus gynoecious in melon and is a negative regulator of femaleness. ACC oxidase （ACO） converts ACC into ethylene; how- ever, it remains elusive which ACO gene in the cucumber genome is critical for sex determination and how CmWIP1 represses development of female flowers. In this study, we discovered that mutation in an ACO gene, CsAC02, confers androecy in cucumber that bears only male flowers. The mutation disrupts the enzymatic activity of CsAC02, resulting in 50% less ethylene emission from shoot tips. CsAC02 was ex- pressed in the carpel primordia and its expression overlapped with that of CsACS11 in female flowers at key stages for sex determination, presumably providing sufficient ethylene required for proper CsACS2 expression. CmAC03, the ortholog of CsACO2, showed a similar expression pattern in the carpel region, suggesting a conserved function of CsACO2/CmACO3. We demonstrated that CsWlP1, the ortholog of CmWlP1, could directly bind the promoter of CsAC02 and repress its expression. Taken together, we propose a presumably conserved regulatory module consisting of WlP1 transcription factor and ACO controls unisexual flower development in cucumber and melon.

Artemisinin and plant secondary metabolism

In March of 1977,a team of pharmacologists and chemists published a one-page article in Chinese Science Bulletin[1],which reports that the antimalarial component present in the traditional Chinese herb Artemisia annua L.(sweet wormwood)is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone,and they named it artemisinin.Mrs.Youyou Tu,a woman scientist,is one of the authors who formed the

Sustainable Agriculture:From Sweet Sorghum Planting and Ensiling to Ruminant Feeding

A large proportion of food is composed of crops and meat besides vegetables and fruits.The production of crops and meat needs a large area of land and other resources,such as water,chemical fertilizer,and pesticides.The growing world population in creases the demand for food security.Moreover,developi ng countries with highly dense populations have dramatically changed food composition from mostly crops to more meat and milk,which has forced the adjustment and optimization of agricultural production structure to supply the demand caused by these dramatic changes.

A low dose cell therapy system for treating osteoarthritis:In vivo study and in vitro mechanistic investigations

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)can be effective in alleviating the progression of osteoarthritis(OA).However,low MSC retention and survival at the injection site frequently require high doses of cells and/or repeated injections,which are not economically viable and create additional risks of complications.In this study,we produced MSC-laden microcarriers in spinner flask culture as cell delivery vehicles.These microcarriers containing a low initial dose of MSCs administered through a single injection in a rat anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)transection model of OA achieved similar reparative effects as repeated high doses of MSCs,as evaluated through imaging and histological analyses.Mechanistic investigations were conducted using a co-culture model involving human primary chondrocytes grown in monolayer,together with MSCs grown either within 3D constructs or as a monolayer.Co-culture supernatants subjected to secretome analysis showed significant decrease of inflammatory factors in the 3D group.RNA-seq of co-cultured MSCs and chondrocytes using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis revealed processes relating to early chondrogenesis and increased extracellular matrix interactions in MSCs of the 3D group,as well as phenotypic maintenance in the co-cultured chondrocytes.The cell delivery platform we investigated may be effective in reducing the cell dose and injection frequency required for therapeutic applications.

Real-Time Pricing of Smart Grid Based on Piece-Wise Linear Functions

In a power grid system, utility is a measure of the satisfaction of users’ electricity consumption;cost is a monetary value of electricity generated by the supplier. The utility and cost functions represent the satisfaction of different users and the supplier. Quadratic utility, logarithmic utility,and quadratic cost functions are widely used in social welfare maximization models of real-time pricing. These functions are not universal;they have to be discussed in detail for individual models. To overcome this problem, a piece-wise linear utility function and a piece-wise linear cost function with general properties are proposed in this paper. By smoothing the piece-wise linear utility and cost functions, a social welfare maximization model can be transformed into a differentiable convex optimization problem. A dual optimization method is used to solve the smoothed model. Through mathematical deduction and numerical simulations, the rationality of the model and the validity of the algorithm are verified as long as the elastic and cost coefficients take appropriate values. Thus, different user types and the supplier can be determined by selecting different elastic and cost coefficients.

Efficient MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets for high temperature CO_(2) capture

Novel MgO-doped CaO sorbent pellets were prepared by gel-casting and wet impregnation.The effect of Na^(+) and MgO on the structure and CO_(2) adsorption performance of CaO sorbent pellets was elucidated.MgOdoped CaO sorbent pellets with the diameter range of 0.5-1.5 mm exhibited an excellent capacity for CO_(2) adsorption and adsorption rate due to the homogeneous dispersion of MgO in the sorbent pellets and its effects on the physical structure of sorbents.The results show that MgO can effectively inhibit the sintering of CaO and retain the adsorption capacity of sorbents during multiple adsorption-desorption cycles.The presence of mesopores and macropores resulted in appreciable change of volume from CaO(16.7 cm^(3)·mol^(-1))to CaCO3(36.9 cm^(3)·mol^(-1))over repeated operation cycles.Ca2Mg1 sorbent pellets exhibited favorable CO_(2) capture capacity(9.49 mmol·g^(-1)),average adsorption rate(0.32 mmol·g^(-1)·min^(-1)) and conversion rate of CaO(74.83%) after 30 cycles.

Six newly recorded species of whitefly(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) from China

Six species of whitefly （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, namely Aleuromarginatus corbettiaformis Martin, Aleurotrachelus machili Takahashi, Asialeyrodes indica Sundararaj ＆ David, Asterobemisia takahashii Danzig, Pealius akebiae （Kuwana） and Tetraleurodes neemani Bink-Moenen, are reported as new records to Chinese fauna and redescribed with their morphology, illustrations and photographs of scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Yangzhou University.