Development of New Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations from the Perspective of Institutional Analysis

Appearance of new rural cooperative economic organizations is the result of institutional change and also important institutional arrangement and innovation promoting rural development of China. At present,development of rural cooperative economic organizations is faced with problems of unsmooth operation and management mechanism,lack of supervision mechanism,internal system defect and imperfect law,weak policy support,and imperfect financial system. In this situation,government should take due responsibility from improving legal system,strengthening policy support,deepening rural market reform,and improving rural financial system.

The Rapid Assessment and Early Warning Models for COVID-19

Human beings have experienced a serious public health event as the new pneumonia(COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has killed more than 3000 people in China, most of them elderly or people with underlying chronic diseases or immunosuppressed states. Rapid assessment and early warning are essential for outbreak analysis in response to serious public health events. This paper reviews the current model analysis methods and conclusions from both micro and macro perspectives. The establishment of a comprehensive assessment model, and the use of model analysis prediction, is very efficient for the early warning of infectious diseases. This would significantly improve global surveillance capacity, particularly in developing regions, and improve basic training in infectious diseases and molecular epidemiology.

The self-assembled nanoparticle-based trimeric RBD mRNA vaccine elicits robust and durable protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice

As COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly worldwide and variants continue to emerge,the development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines are urgently needed.Here,we developed an mRNA vaccine based on the trimeric receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein fused to ferritin-formed nanoparticles(TF-RBD).Compared to the trimeric form of the RBD mRNA vaccine(T-RBD),TF-RBD delivered intramuscularly elicited robust and durable humoral immunity as well as a Th 1-biased cellular response.After further challenge with live SARS-CoV-2,immunization with a two-shot low-dose regimen of TF-RBD provided adequate protection in hACE2-transduced mice.In addition,the mRNA template of TF-RBD was easily and quickly engineered into a variant vaccine to address SARS-CoV-2 mutations.The TF-RBD multivalent vaccine produced broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against Alpha(B.1.1.7)and Beta(B.1.351)variants.This mRNA vaccine based on the encoded self-assembled nanoparticle-based trimer RBD provides a referenee for the design of mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2.