Traditional single-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuators usually have the problem of inertial force caused by flow pulsation of the liquid,which degrades their output performance.To suppress or solve the ass...Traditional single-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuators usually have the problem of inertial force caused by flow pulsation of the liquid,which degrades their output performance.To suppress or solve the associated inertial force and enhance its output capabilities,this paper proposes a new type of double-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuator with four check valves acting as mechanical diodes.The new hybrid actuator was fabricated and its output performance was tested.When the voltage is 700 Vp-pand the bias pressure is 2 MPa,the pulsation ratesδof the new actuator at 400 Hz,500 Hz and 600 Hz are 2.29,2.08 and 1.78,respectively,whileδof the single-acting hybrid actuator under the same conditions are 10.98,11.05 and 17.12.Therefore,the liquid pulsation rate of the new hybrid actuator is significantly reduced,which is beneficial for improving the flow uniformity and weakening the influence of inertial force on the hybrid actuator.This strategy ultimately leads to a maximum no-load velocity of 168.1 mm/s at 600 Hz and a maximum blocking force of 141 N at 450 Hz for the new hybrid actuator.In addition,this strategy has the potential to be used in other electrohydrostatic actuators to improve their performance.展开更多
To investigate whether increasing tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle activity and ketogenic capacity would augment fatty acid(FA)oxidation induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)agonist clofi...To investigate whether increasing tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle activity and ketogenic capacity would augment fatty acid(FA)oxidation induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)agonist clofibrate,suckling newborn piglets(n=54)were assigned to 8 groups following a 2(±clofibrate)×4(glycerol succinate[SUC],triglycerides of 2-methylpentanoic acid[T2M],valeric acid[TC5]and hexanoic acid[TC6])factorial design.Each group was fed an isocaloric milk formula containing either 0%or 0.35%clofibrate(wt/wt,dry matter basis)with 5%SUC,T2M,TC5 or TC6 for 5 d.Another 6 pigs served as newborn controls.Fatty acid oxidation was examined in fresh homogenates of liver collected on d 6 using[1-^(14)C]palmitic acid(1 mM)as a substrate(0.265μCi/μmol).Measurements were performed in the absence or presence of L-carnitine(1 mM)or inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase(L659699,1.6μM)or acetoacetate-CoA deacylase(iodoacetamide,50μM).Without clofibrate stimulation,^(14)C accumulation in CO_(2) was higher from piglets fed diets containing T2M and TC5 than SUC,but similar to those fed TC6.Under clofibrate stimulation,accumulation also was higher in homogenates from piglets fed TC5 than all other dietary treatments.Interactions between clofibrate and carnitine or the inhibitors were observed(P=0.0004)for acid soluble products(ASP).In vitro addition of carnitine increased^(14)C-ASP(P<0.0001)above all other treatments,regardless of clofibrate treatment.The percentage of^(14)C in CO_(2) was higher(P=0.0023)in TC5 than in the control group.From these results we suggest that dietary supplementation of anaplerotic and ketogenic FA could impact FA oxidation and modify the metabolism of acetyl-CoA(product ofβ-oxidation)via alteration of TCA cycle activity,but the modification has no significant impact on the hepatic FA oxidative capacity induced by PPARα.In addition,the availability of carnitine is a critical element to maintain FA oxidation during the neonatal period.展开更多
Hardware Trojans(HTs)have drawn increasing attention in both academia and industry because of their significant potential threat.In this paper,we propose HTDet,a novel HT detection method using information entropybase...Hardware Trojans(HTs)have drawn increasing attention in both academia and industry because of their significant potential threat.In this paper,we propose HTDet,a novel HT detection method using information entropybased clustering.To maintain high concealment,HTs are usually inserted in the regions with low controllability and low observability,which will result in that Trojan logics have extremely low transitions during the simulation.This implies that the regions with the low transitions will provide much more abundant and more important information for HT detection.The HTDet applies information theory technology and a density-based clustering algorithm called Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)to detect all suspicious Trojan logics in the circuit under detection.The DBSCAN is an unsupervised learning algorithm,that can improve the applicability of HTDet.In addition,we develop a heuristic test pattern generation method using mutual information to increase the transitions of suspicious Trojan logics.Experiments on circuit benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of HTDet.展开更多
基金supported by the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.52075518)。
文摘Traditional single-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuators usually have the problem of inertial force caused by flow pulsation of the liquid,which degrades their output performance.To suppress or solve the associated inertial force and enhance its output capabilities,this paper proposes a new type of double-acting piezoelectric-hydraulic hybrid actuator with four check valves acting as mechanical diodes.The new hybrid actuator was fabricated and its output performance was tested.When the voltage is 700 Vp-pand the bias pressure is 2 MPa,the pulsation ratesδof the new actuator at 400 Hz,500 Hz and 600 Hz are 2.29,2.08 and 1.78,respectively,whileδof the single-acting hybrid actuator under the same conditions are 10.98,11.05 and 17.12.Therefore,the liquid pulsation rate of the new hybrid actuator is significantly reduced,which is beneficial for improving the flow uniformity and weakening the influence of inertial force on the hybrid actuator.This strategy ultimately leads to a maximum no-load velocity of 168.1 mm/s at 600 Hz and a maximum blocking force of 141 N at 450 Hz for the new hybrid actuator.In addition,this strategy has the potential to be used in other electrohydrostatic actuators to improve their performance.
基金This work is supported by Animal Nutrition,Growth and Lactation(grant no.2015-67015-23245/project accession no.1005855)from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculturethe North Carolina Agricultural Research Hatch projects 1016618 and 02780。
文摘To investigate whether increasing tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle activity and ketogenic capacity would augment fatty acid(FA)oxidation induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)agonist clofibrate,suckling newborn piglets(n=54)were assigned to 8 groups following a 2(±clofibrate)×4(glycerol succinate[SUC],triglycerides of 2-methylpentanoic acid[T2M],valeric acid[TC5]and hexanoic acid[TC6])factorial design.Each group was fed an isocaloric milk formula containing either 0%or 0.35%clofibrate(wt/wt,dry matter basis)with 5%SUC,T2M,TC5 or TC6 for 5 d.Another 6 pigs served as newborn controls.Fatty acid oxidation was examined in fresh homogenates of liver collected on d 6 using[1-^(14)C]palmitic acid(1 mM)as a substrate(0.265μCi/μmol).Measurements were performed in the absence or presence of L-carnitine(1 mM)or inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase(L659699,1.6μM)or acetoacetate-CoA deacylase(iodoacetamide,50μM).Without clofibrate stimulation,^(14)C accumulation in CO_(2) was higher from piglets fed diets containing T2M and TC5 than SUC,but similar to those fed TC6.Under clofibrate stimulation,accumulation also was higher in homogenates from piglets fed TC5 than all other dietary treatments.Interactions between clofibrate and carnitine or the inhibitors were observed(P=0.0004)for acid soluble products(ASP).In vitro addition of carnitine increased^(14)C-ASP(P<0.0001)above all other treatments,regardless of clofibrate treatment.The percentage of^(14)C in CO_(2) was higher(P=0.0023)in TC5 than in the control group.From these results we suggest that dietary supplementation of anaplerotic and ketogenic FA could impact FA oxidation and modify the metabolism of acetyl-CoA(product ofβ-oxidation)via alteration of TCA cycle activity,but the modification has no significant impact on the hepatic FA oxidative capacity induced by PPARα.In addition,the availability of carnitine is a critical element to maintain FA oxidation during the neonatal period.
文摘Hardware Trojans(HTs)have drawn increasing attention in both academia and industry because of their significant potential threat.In this paper,we propose HTDet,a novel HT detection method using information entropybased clustering.To maintain high concealment,HTs are usually inserted in the regions with low controllability and low observability,which will result in that Trojan logics have extremely low transitions during the simulation.This implies that the regions with the low transitions will provide much more abundant and more important information for HT detection.The HTDet applies information theory technology and a density-based clustering algorithm called Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)to detect all suspicious Trojan logics in the circuit under detection.The DBSCAN is an unsupervised learning algorithm,that can improve the applicability of HTDet.In addition,we develop a heuristic test pattern generation method using mutual information to increase the transitions of suspicious Trojan logics.Experiments on circuit benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of HTDet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants#41776082 and 41476057)Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu Ocean University(HS2019005)the Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment(SH20191205)and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.