Confocal Raman microspectroscopy(CRM)is an important tool for analyzing the compositional distribution of cell walls in situ.In this study,we improved the sample preparation method using paraffin-embedded sections com...Confocal Raman microspectroscopy(CRM)is an important tool for analyzing the compositional distribution of cell walls in situ.In this study,we improved the sample preparation method using paraffin-embedded sections combined with hexane dewaxing to obtain high resolution Raman images.We determined that the cell wall components of fiber cells were different from those of ray cells and vessel cells in the xylem of Populus tomentosa.Acetyl bromide and CRM methods produced similar trends when the difference in lignin intensity in the xylem region was compared between transgenic PtrLac4 and wild-type P.tomentosa.However,CRM proved more useful to analyze the lignin distribution in each cell type and distinguished the detailed difference in lignin intensity at the cellular level.Thus,CRM proved to be a useful in situ method to rapidly analyze the spatial variation of lignin content in the xylem of woody plants.展开更多
Currently, the food security situation is increasingly serious, and a growing number of food companies choose to implement the internationally accepted ISO9000 Series Standards. Based on the analysis of economic ratio...Currently, the food security situation is increasingly serious, and a growing number of food companies choose to implement the internationally accepted ISO9000 Series Standards. Based on the analysis of economic rationality and system drive for food enterprises to implement ISO9000 Series Standards, we determine the economic factors and institutional factors influencing enterprises' implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards, and establish corresponding indicator system. According to survey data on 86 enterprises in Sichuan Province, we draw the following conclusion using the Logit model: enterprise age and enterprise size in economic factors, government's food safety control intensity, consumers, public and media pressure, awareness of senior managers, strategic orientation of quality safety, employees' average educational level in institutional factors, have a significant effect on enterprises' implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards. According to research results, we put forth some recommendations for promoting food enterprises to implement ISO9000 Series Standards.展开更多
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2019ZY30)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971618,Grant No.31570582)。
文摘Confocal Raman microspectroscopy(CRM)is an important tool for analyzing the compositional distribution of cell walls in situ.In this study,we improved the sample preparation method using paraffin-embedded sections combined with hexane dewaxing to obtain high resolution Raman images.We determined that the cell wall components of fiber cells were different from those of ray cells and vessel cells in the xylem of Populus tomentosa.Acetyl bromide and CRM methods produced similar trends when the difference in lignin intensity in the xylem region was compared between transgenic PtrLac4 and wild-type P.tomentosa.However,CRM proved more useful to analyze the lignin distribution in each cell type and distinguished the detailed difference in lignin intensity at the cellular level.Thus,CRM proved to be a useful in situ method to rapidly analyze the spatial variation of lignin content in the xylem of woody plants.
基金Supported by National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(09XJY024)
文摘Currently, the food security situation is increasingly serious, and a growing number of food companies choose to implement the internationally accepted ISO9000 Series Standards. Based on the analysis of economic rationality and system drive for food enterprises to implement ISO9000 Series Standards, we determine the economic factors and institutional factors influencing enterprises' implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards, and establish corresponding indicator system. According to survey data on 86 enterprises in Sichuan Province, we draw the following conclusion using the Logit model: enterprise age and enterprise size in economic factors, government's food safety control intensity, consumers, public and media pressure, awareness of senior managers, strategic orientation of quality safety, employees' average educational level in institutional factors, have a significant effect on enterprises' implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards. According to research results, we put forth some recommendations for promoting food enterprises to implement ISO9000 Series Standards.
