Cysteine dioxygenase and taurine are essential for embryo implantation by involving in E2-ERαand P_(4)-PR signaling in mouse

Background Taurine performs multiple physiological functions,and the maintenance of taurine level for most mammals relies on active uptake from diet and endogenous taurine synthesis through its synthesis enzymes,including cysteine dioxygenase(CDO).In addition,uterus tissue and uterus fluid are rich in to urine,and to urine synthesis is regulated by estrogen(E2)and progesterone(P_(4)),the key hormones priming embryo-uterine crosstalk during embryo implantation,but the functional interactions and mechanisms among which are largely unknown.The present study was thus proposed to identify the effects of CDO and taurine on embryo implantation and related mechanisms by using Cdo knockout(KO)and ovariectomy(OVX)mouse models.Results The uterine CDO expression was assayed from the first day of plugging(d 1)to d 8 and the results showed that CDO expression level increased from d 1 to d 4,followed by a significant decline on d 5 and persisted to d 8,which was highly correlated with serum and uterine taurine levels,and serum P_(4) concentration.Next,Cdo KO mouse was established by CRISPER/Cas9.It was showed that Cdo deletion sharply decreased the taurine levels both in serum and uterus tissue,causing implantation defects and severe subfertility.However,the implantation defects in Cdo KO mice were partly rescued by the taurine supplementation.In addition,Cdo deletion led to a sharp decrease in the expressions of P_(4)receptor(PR)and its responsive genes Ihh,Hoxa10 and Hand2.Although the expression of uterine estrogen receptor(ERa)had no significant change,the levels of ERa induced genes(Muc1,Ltf)during the implantation window were upregulated after Cdo deletion.These accompanied by the suppression of stroma cell proliferation.Meanwhile,E2inhibited CDO expression through ERa and P_(4)upregulated CDO expression through PR.Conclusion The present study firstly demonstrates that taurine and CDO play prominent roles in uterine receptivity and embryo implantation by involving in E2-ERa and P_(4)-PR signaling.These are crucial for our understanding the mechanism of embryo implantation,and infer that taurine is a potential agent for improving reproductive efficiency of livestock industry and reproductive medicine.

GmNLP7a inhibits soybean nodulation by interacting with GmNIN1a

Nitrogen(N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and productivity. Leguminous plants establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria to use atmospheric dinitrogen gas to meet high N demand under low-N conditions. Nodule formation and N fixation are energy-consuming processes and are inhibited by nitrate present in the environment. Previous studies in model leguminous plants characterized NIN-LIKE PROTEIN(NLP) proteins that mediate nitrate control of root nodule symbiosis, but the mechanism by which nitrate regulates soybean root nodules via NLP remains unclear. In the soybean genome we found four homologs of AtNLP7, named GmNLP7a–GmNLP7d. We showed that the expression of GmNLP7s is responsive to nitrate but not to rhizobial infection and localized GmNLP7a to the nucleus. Downregulation of GmNLP7s increased nodule number, and overexpression of GmNLP7a(GmNLP7aOE) reduced nodule number regardless of nitrate availability, suggesting a negative role for GmNLP7s in nodulation. Nitrogenase activity in the GmNLP7aOE line was comparable to that of the wild type, indicating that GmNLP7a does not affect mature nodule activity. Overexpression of GmNLP7a downregulated the expression of GmNIN1a and GmENOD40-1. GmNLP7a interacted with GmNIN1a via the PB1domain. Our results reveal a new regulator of GmNLP7 in nodulation and a molecular mechanism by which nitrate affects nodule number in soybean.

Readability Assessment of Textbooks in Low Resource Languages

Readability is a fundamental problem in textbooks assessment.For low resources languages(LRL),however,little investigation has been done on the readability of textbook.In this paper,we proposed a readability assessment method for Tibetan textbook(a low resource language).We extract features based on the information that are gotten by Tibetan segmentation and named entity recognition.Then,we calculate the correlation of different features using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and select some feature sets to design the readability formula.Fit detection,F test and T test are applied on these selected features to generate a new readability assessment formula.Experiment shows that this new formula is capable of assessing the readability of Tibetan textbooks.

Status Quo and Countermeasures of Sustainable Development for Zhenjiang Wanshan Hongbian Modern Agricultural Science Park

In this paper,status quo of development in Zhenjiang Wanshan Hongbian Modern Agricultural Science Park is studied,and some problems are pointed out,such as unreasonable staffing structure and weak self-financing ability.Talent introduction strategy and branding and standardization strategy are proposed,and financing channels should be widened.Meanwhile,agricultural production structure should be adjusted,and science and technology services should be promoted.The research aims to provide the reference for sustainable development of similar modern agricultural science park in China.

Research Progress on the Development of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park

This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.

Seed Propagation Technique of Atractylodes lancea in Maoshan, Jiangsu

Due to over exploitation, the Atractylodes resources in such five counties and cities as Jurong, Jintan, Lishui, Liyang and Gaochun have been exhausted. This paper summarized the seed propagation technique of Atractylodes lancea in Maoshan, Jiangsu Province, aiming to provide reference for the restoration of A. lancea production in Maoshan, Jiangsu.

GmYSL7 controls iron uptake,allocation,and cellular response of nodules in soybean

Iron(Fe)is essential for DNA synthesis,photosynthesis and respiration of plants.The demand for Fe substantially increases during legumesrhizobia symbiotic nitrogen fixation because of the synthesis of leghemoglobin in the host and Fecontaining proteins in bacteroids.However,the mechanism by which plant controls iron transport to nodules remains largely unknown.Here we demonstrate that GmYSL7 serves as a key regulator controlling Fe uptake from root to nodule and distribution in soybean nodules.GmYSL7 is Fe responsive and GmYSL7 transports iron across the membrane and into the infected cells of nodules.Alterations of GmYSL7 substantially affect iron distribution between root and nodule,resulting in defective growth of nodules and reduced nitrogenase activity.GmYSL7 knockout increases the expression of GmbHLH300,a transcription factor required for Fe response of nodules.Overexpression of GmbHLH300 decreases nodule number,nitrogenase activity and Fe content in nodules.Remarkably,GmbHLH300 directly binds to the promoters of ENOD93 and GmLbs,which regulate nodule number and nitrogenase activity,and represses their transcription.Our data reveal a new role of GmYSL7 in controlling Fe transport from host root to nodule and Fe distribution in nodule cells,and uncover a molecular mechanism by which Fe affects nodule number and nitrogenase activity.

高压氧联合西酞普兰对创伤性颅脑损伤后抑郁患者的有效性研究

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)联合西酞普兰治疗创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)后抑郁患者的临床疗效及其作用机制。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年12月烟台山医院收治的TBI后发生抑郁的患者114例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组57例。对照组患者采用西酞普兰治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础予以HBO治疗。在治疗前和治疗2、4、6周后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)进行评分,并计算其治疗有效率;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测患者血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)和多巴胺(DA)水平。结果:治疗6周后观察组总有效率(94.74%)明显高于对照组(80.70%),差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。2组患者血清5-HT和DA水平与治疗前比较均明显升高,观察组治疗4、6周后血清5-HT和DA水平明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。2组患者的HAMD评分与治疗前比较明显降低,观察组治疗4、6周后HAMD评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:HBO联合西酞普兰能够改善TBI患者的抑郁症状,其治疗机制主要是通过提高患者血清DA和5-HT水平实现的。

Counteraction of ABA-Mediated Inhibition of Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment by ABA Signaling Terminator in Arabidopsis

Seed germination and seedling establishment are important for the reproductive success of plants,but seeds and seedlings typically encounter constantly changing environmental conditions.By inhibiting seed germination and post-germinative growth through the PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2C co-receptors,the phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)prevents premature germination and seedling growth under unfavorable conditions.However,little is known about how the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and seedling establishment is thwarted.Here,we report that ABA Signaling Terminator(ABT),a WD40 protein,efficiently switches off ABA signaling and is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment.ABT is induced by ABA in a PYR1/PYL/RCAR-PP2C-dependent manner.Overexpression of ABT promotes seed germination and seedling greening in the presence of ABA,whereas knockout of ABT has the opposite effect.We found that ABT interacts with the PYR1/PYL/RCAR and PP2C proteins,interferes with the interaction between PYR1/PYL4 and ABI1/ABI2,and hampers the inhibition of ABI1/ABI2 by ABA-bound PYR1/PYL4,thereby terminating ABA signaling.Taken together,our results reveal a core mechanism of ABA signaling termination that is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis.

NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR and EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling by inhibiting Snf1-related protein kinase2 activity and stability in Arabidopsis

Abscisic acid(ABA)is a key regulator of plant responses to abiotic stresses,such as drought.Abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors perceive ABA to activate Snf1-related protein kinase2 s(SnRK2s)that phosphorylate downstream effectors,thereby activating ABA signaling and the stress response.As stress responses come with fitness penalties for plants,it is crucial to tightly control SnRK2 kinase activity to restrict ABA signaling.However,how SnRK2 kinases are inactivated remains elusive.Here,we show that NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR(NUA),a nuclear pore complex(NPC)component,negatively regulates ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and post-germination growth,and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.The role of NUA in response to ABA depends on SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 for seed germination and on SnRK2.6 for drought.NUA does not directly inhibit the phosphorylation of these SnRK2s or affects their abundance.However,the NUA-interacting protein EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4(ESD4),a SUMO protease,negatively regulates ABA signaling by directly interacting with and inhibiting SnRK2 phosphorylation and protein levels.More importantly,we demonstrated that SnRK2.6 can be SUMOylated in vitro,and ESD4 inhibits its SUMOylation.Taken together,we identified NUA and ESD4 as SnRK2 kinase inhibitors that block SnRK2 activity,and reveal a mechanism whereby NUA and ESD4 negatively regulate plant responses to ABA and drought stress possibly through SUMOylation-dependent regulation of SnRK2s.

Lanthanide complexes-functionalized ordered mesoporous TiO_2:Multicolor emission(visible and near-infrared luminescence) based on visible-light sensitization

Recently,much attention has been paid to the lanthanide luminescent materials based on the visiblelight sensitization for their potential applications in the fields of bio-imaging and optical devices.In this work,the lanthanide complexes have been covalently bonded to the ordered mesoporous titania（OMT） matrix,and the resulting titania-based hybrid ordered mesoporous materials（named as LnDBOMT,Ln = Eu,Sm,Yb,Nd） were characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy,small-angle X-ray powder diffraction（SAXD）,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,fluorescence spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis.Generally,exciting with visible light is advantageous over UV excitation.Of importance here is that,under excitation with visible light,the LnDB-OMT all show characteristic visible（Eu3＋,Sm3＋） as well as nearinfrared（Sm3＋,Yb3＋,Nd3＋） luminescence of the corresponding Ln3＋ ions（multicolor emission covered from 500 to 1400 nm spectral region）,which is attributed to the energy transfer from the ligands to the Ln3＋ ions via an antenna effect.

Lack of ethylene does not affect reproductive success and synergid cell death in Arabidopsis

The signaling pathway of the gaseous hormone ethylene is involved in plant reproduction,growth,devel-opment,and stress responses.During reproduction,the two synergid cells of the angiosperm female gametophyte both undergo programmed cell death(PCD)/degeneration but in a different manner:PCD/degeneration of one synergid facilitates pollen tube rupture and thereby the release of sperm cells,while PCD/degeneration of the other synergid blocks supernumerary pollen tubes.Ethylene signaling was postu-lated to participate in some of the synergid cell functions,such as pollen tube attraction and the induction of PCD/degeneration.However,ethylene-mediated induction of synergid PCD/degeneration and the role of ethylene itself have not been firmly established.Here,we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out the five ethylene-biosynthesis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO)genes and created Arabidopsis mutants free of ethylene production.The ethylene-free mutant plants showed normal triple responses when treated with ethylene rather than 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid,but had increased lateral root density and enlarged petal sizes,which are typical phenotypes of mutants defective in ethylene signaling.Using these ethylene-free plants,we further demonstrated that production of ethylene is not necessarily required to trigger PCD/degeneration of the two synergid cells,but certain com-ponents of ethylene signaling including transcription factors ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3(EIN3)and EIN3-LIKE 1(EIL1)are necessary for the death of the persistent synergid cell.