Evaluation Model of Rural Drinking Water Project Based on Entropy Weight and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.

IL2-inducible T-cell Kinase is Required for HBV-induced Type T Interferon Expression and Antiviral Response

Background and Aims:Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus(HBV),and is seen as a serious global health problem.HBV infection induces the expression of type I interferon(IFN),including IFN-αand IFN-β,which have anti-HBV activities,and have been used for HBV treatment.IL2-inducible T-cell kinase(ITK)is a tyrosine kinase,which regulates T-cell differentiation and activation,while its precise effects on type I IFN production during HBV infection remain unknown.Methods:We monitored the ITK expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from healthy donors and patients with acute and chronic HBV infection.We used ITK inhibitor ibrutinib to treat hepatocytes and evaluated the type I IFN expression after HBV infection.We also administrated ibrutinib to mice and evaluated its effect on HBV infection in vivo.We generated ITK,suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1)knockout and ITK/SOCS1 double knockout cells using CRISPR,and monitored the HBV-induced type I IFN production.Results:ITK and type I IFN were upregulated in patients with acute HBV infection.Inhibition of ITK by ibrutinib suppressed HBVinduced expression of type I IFN mRNA in mice.ITK knockout cells had decreased IRF3 activation but promoted the expression of SOCS1.ITK negatively regulated SOSC1 expression.The down regulation of type I IFN in ITK knockout cells after HBV stimulation was abolished in the absence of SOCS1.Conclusions:ITK regulated HBV-induced expression of type I IFN mRNA by modulating SOCS1.

A Retrospective Study of the Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Among Hospitalized Patients in Quanzhou,China

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has spread throughout China.However,information about COVID-19 in cities and regions outside Wuhan is limited and the indicators that predict the length of hospital stay for patients with COVID-19 are unclear.Therefore,we collected clinical data from 47 patients with COVID-19 in Quanzhou City.The median age was 38 years[interquartile range(IQR):31–50 years],and 24(51%)were male.There were 8 mild,36 moderate,and 3 severe/critical cases.The median interval from exposure to disease onset was 13 days(IQR:8–18 days).The incidence of severe/critical cases was 33%(3/10)in patients with hypertension.Common symptoms included fever(83%),cough(77%),fatigue(40%),a sore,dry throat(28%),and diarrhea(21%).One patient(2%)developed respiratory distress syndrome on day 13 of inpatient treatment.Six patients had leukopenia,17 had elevated C-reactive protein(CRP),and 8 had lymphocytopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase(LDH).The median length of hospitalization was 22 days(IQR:16-30 days).Dynamic monitoring of LDH,CRP,and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicted whether length of hospitalization would exceed 21 days.Most patients presented with mild and moderate disease.Patients with hypertension were more likely to become severe or critical.Dynamic monitoring of LDH,CRP,and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio levels can help predict delayed discharge from the hospital.