Prognostic value of the RNA editing enzyme: ADAR1, and its association with immune cells infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

The adenosine deaminase acting on RNA(ADAR)protein family was well characterized as RNA editing enzymes converting adenosines to inosines(A-to-l)in dsRNA structures.They share a homologous structure including the dsRNA-binding domain and the deaminase domain.ADAR1 function as the primary editing enzyme for A-to-l mutation because of its higher and ubiquitous expression compared to ADAR2 and ADAR3 in eukaryotes.

Enhance the delivery of light energy ultra-deep into turbid medium by controlling multiple scattering photons to travel in open channels

Multiple light scattering is considered as the major limitation for deep imaging and focusing in turbid media.In this paper,we present an innovative method to overcome this limitation and enhance the delivery of light energy ultradeep into turbid media with significant improvement in focusing.Our method is based on a wide-field reflection matrix optical coherence tomography(RM-OCT).The time-reversal decomposition of the RM is calibrated with the Tikhonov regularization parameter in order to get more accurate reversal results deep inside the scattering sample.We propose a concept named model energy matrix,which provides a direct mapping of light energy distribution inside the scattering sample.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time that a method to measure and quantify the distribution of beam intensity inside a scattering sample is demonstrated.By employing the inversion of RM to find the matched wavefront and shaping with a phase-only spatial light modulator,we succeeded in both focusing a beam deep(~9.6 times of scattering mean free path,SMFP)inside the sample and increasing the delivery of light energy by an order of magnitude at an ultra-deep(~14.4 SMFP)position.This technique provides a powerful tool to understand the propagation of photon in a scattering medium and opens a new way to focus light inside biological tissues.

Ultrahigh-sensitive optical coherence elastography

The phase stability of an optical coherence elastography(OCE)system is the key determining factor for achieving a precise elasticity measurement,and it can be affected by the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),timing jitters in the signal acquisition process,and fluctuations in the optical path difference(OPD)between the sample and reference arms.In this study,we developed an OCE system based on swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)with a common-path configuration(SS-OCECP).Our system has a phase stability of 4.2 mrad without external stabilization or extensive post-processing,such as averaging.This phase stability allows us to detect a displacement as small as~300 pm.A common-path interferometer was incorporated by integrating a 3-mm wedged window into the SS-OCT system to provide intrinsic compensation for polarization and dispersion mismatch,as well as to minimize phase fluctuations caused by the OPD variation.The wedged window generates two reference signals that produce two OCT images,allowing for averaging to improve the SNR.Furthermore,the electrical components are optimized to minimize the timing jitters and prevent edge collisions by adjusting the delays between the trigger,k-clock,and signal,utilizing a high-speed waveform digitizer,and incorporating a high-bandwidth balanced photodetector.We validated the SSOCECP performance in a tissue-mimicking phantom and an in vivo rabbit model,and the results demonstrated a significantly improved phase stability compared to that of the conventional SS-OCE.To the best of our knowledge,we demonstrated the first SS-OCECP system,which possesses high-phase stability and can be utilized to significantly improve the sensitivity of elastography.