Hypoglycemic effect and the mechanism of action of a polysaccharide from sweet corncob in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.

A Trusted Edge Resource Allocation Framework for Internet of Vehicles

With the continuous progress of information technique,assisted driving technology has become an effective technique to avoid traffic accidents.Due to the complex road conditions and the threat of vehicle information being attacked and tampered with,it is difficult to ensure information security.This paper uses blockchain to ensure the safety of driving information and introduces mobile edge computing technology to monitor vehicle information and road condition information in real time,calculate the appropriate speed,and plan a reasonable driving route for the driver.To solve these problems,this paper proposes a trusted edge resource allocation framework for assisted driving service,which includes two stages:the blockchain generation stage(the first stage)and assisted driving service stage(the second stage).Furthermore,in the first stage,a delay-and-throughput-oriented block generation model for the mobile terminal is designed.In the second stage,a balanced offloading algorithm for assisted driving service based on edge collaboration is proposed to solve the problems of unbalanced load of cluster mobile edge computing(MEC)servers and low resource utilization of the system.And this paper optimizes the throughput of blockchain and delay of the transportation network through deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm.Finally,compared with joint computation and communication resources’allocation(JCCR)and resource allocation method based on binary offloading(RAB),our proposed scheme can optimize the delay by 7.4%and 26.7%,and support various application services of the vehicular networks more effectively.

A Modeling Study of Effective Radiative Forcing and Climate Response Due to Tropospheric Ozone

This study simulates the effective radiative forcing （ERF） of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2013 and its effects on global climate using an aerosol-climate coupled model, BCC_AGCM2.0. I_CUACE/Aero, in combination with OMI （Ozone Monitoring Instrument） satellite ozone data. According to the OMI observations, the global annual mean tropospheric col- umn ozone （TCO） was 33.9 DU in 2013, and the largest TCO was distributed in the belts between 30°N and 45°N and at approximately 30°S; the annual mean TCO was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than that in the Southern Hemisphere; and in boreal summer and autumn, the global mean TCO was higher than in winter and spring. The simulated ERF due to the change in tropospheric ozone concentration from 1850 to 2013 was 0.46 W m-2, thereby causing an increase in the global annual mean surface temperature by 0.36°C, and precipitation by 0.02 mm d-1 （the increase of surface temperature had a significance level above 95%）. The surface temperature was increased more obviously over the high latitudes in both hemispheres, with the maximum exceeding 1.4°C in Siberia. There were opposite changes in precipitation near the equator, with an increase of 0.5 mm d- 1 near the Hawaiian Islands and a decrease of about -0.6 mm d- 1 near the middle of the Indian Ocean.

A National Cross-Sectio nal Survey Dataset on Com mon Disease and Influencing Factors of Chinese Internal Migrants in 2017

This data article describes the dataset from a national cross-sectional questionnaire survey on Chinese internal migrants in 2017.The survey was part of the Chinese Migrants Dynamic Survey,which is an annually conducted large-scale national questionnaire survey on internal migrants.The respondents in the described dataset were migrants and registered local residents aged over 15 years old.A multistage stratified probability-proportionalto-size(PPS) sampling method based on the 2016 annual report data of China Migrant Population was adopted.The questionnaire was designed to collect demographic information of respondents and their family members,intention of migration or settlement,health status,health services accessibility,social integration,and epidemic influencing factors of common diseases,including hypertension,type 2 diabetes,diarrhea,fever,rash,icterus,conjunctival redness,cold,and other illnesses or injuries.The sample population in this survey include 13,998 internal migrants and 14,000 registered local residents from eight domestic cities/prefecture/districts across China.It is the most widely covering and highly representative dataset on common diseases and influencing factors of internal migrants in China.The dataset can be used to study common diseases and influencing factors among floating Chinese population.It provides data support for government to improve healthcare accessibility and the equity of public health services for internal migrants in China.

Ultrasmall AuPd nanoclusters on amine-functionalized carbon blacks as high-performance bi-functional catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation and formic acid dehydrogenation

The synthesis of ultrasmall metal nanoclusters(NCs) with high catalytic activities is of great importance for the development of clean and renewable energy technologies but remains a challenge. Here we report a facile wet-chemical method to prepare ~1.0 nm Au Pd NCs supported on amine-functionalized carbon blacks. The Au Pd NCs exhibit a specific activity of 5.98 mA cm_(AuPd)^(-2)and mass activity of 5.25 A mg_(auPd)^(-1) for ethanol electrooxidation, which are far better than those of commercial Pd/C catalysts(1.74 mAcm_(AuPd)^(-2) and 0.54 A mg_(Pd)^(-1) ). For formic acid dehydrogenation, the Au Pd NCs have an initial turn over frequency of 49339 h^(-1) at 298 K without any additive, which is much higher than those obtained for most of reported Au Pd catalysts. The reported synthesis may represent a facile and low-cost approach to prepare other ultrasmall metal NCs with high catalytic activities for various applications.

Advances in the Study of Black Carbon Effects on Climate

Black carbon （BC） aerosols can strongly absorb solar radiation in very broad spectral wavebands, from the visible to the infrared. As a potential factor contributing to global warming, BC aerosols not only directly change the radiation balance of the earth-atmosphere system, but also indirectly affect global or regional climate by acting as cloud conden- sation nuclei or ice nuclei to alter cloud mierophysical properties. Here, recent progresses in the studies of radiative forcing due to BC and its climate effects are reviewed. The uncertainties in current researches are discussed and some suggestions are provided for future investigations.

GmNMHC5 may promote nodulation via interaction with GmGAI in soybean

Soybean(Glycine max[L.]Merr.)is a food and oil crop whose growth and yield are influenced by root and nodule development.In the present study,Gm NMHC5 was found to promote the formation of nodules in overexpressing mutants.In contrast,the number of nodules in Gmnmhc5 edited with CRISPR/Cas9 decreased sharply.In 35 S:Gm NMHC5 mutants,expression levels of genes involved in nodulation were significantly up-regulated.Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses showed that Gm NMHC5 directly interacted with Gm GAI(a DELLA protein),and the content of gibberellin 3(GA_(3))in overexpressing mutants was lower than that in the wild type.These results revealed that Gm NMHC5 participates in the classical GA signaling pathway,and may regulate the content of GA_3 to match the optimal concentration required for nodule formation,thereby promoting nodulation by directly interacting with Gm GAI.A model illustrating the mechanism by which Gm NMHC5 promotes soybean nodulation is presented.

Biases of estimated signals in x-ray analyzer-based imaging

Recently,a novel three-image algorithm has been proposed to retrieve the sample’s absorption,refraction,and scattering properties in x-ray analyzer-based imaging.The feasibility of the three-image algorithm was validated by synchrotron radiation experiments.However,it is unclear yet whether the estimated refraction and scattering signals are biased or not and how the analyzer angular position affects the biases in the estimated signals.For this purpose,the biases of the extracted refraction and scattering signals are theoretically derived for the three-image algorithm.The theoretical models are further confirmed by numerical experiments.The results show that both the estimated refraction and scattering signals are biased,and the biases are strongly dependent on the analyzer angular position.Besides,the biases also show dependence on the sample’s refraction and scattering properties locally.Those results can be used as general guidelines to optimize experimental parameters for bias reduction and accurate imaging of different features within the sample.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Empowered Edge Collaborative Caching Scheme for Internet of Vehicles

With the development of internet of vehicles,the traditional centralized content caching mode transmits content through the core network,which causes a large delay and cannot meet the demands for delay-sensitive services.To solve these problems,on basis of vehicle caching network,we propose an edge colla-borative caching scheme.Road side unit(RSU)and mobile edge computing(MEC)are used to collect vehicle information,predict and cache popular content,thereby provide low-latency content delivery services.However,the storage capa-city of a single RSU severely limits the edge caching performance and cannot handle intensive content requests at the same time.Through content sharing,col-laborative caching can relieve the storage burden on caching servers.Therefore,we integrate RSU and collaborative caching to build a MEC-assisted vehicle edge collaborative caching(MVECC)scheme,so as to realize the collaborative caching among cloud,edge and vehicle.MVECC uses deep reinforcement learning to pre-dict what needs to be cached on RSU,which enables RSUs to cache more popular content.In addition,MVECC also introduces a mobility-aware caching replace-ment scheme at the edge network to reduce redundant cache and improving cache efficiency,which allows RSU to dynamically replace the cached content in response to the mobility of vehicles.The simulation results show that the pro-posed MVECC scheme can improve cache performance in terms of energy cost and content hit rate.

An Application of Context Middleware Based on Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Sensor Networks

The research of context-aware computing based on wireless sensor network (WSN) aims at intelligently connecting computers, users, and environment. So its application system should be flexibly adaptable to dynamic changes of context and application requirements and proactively provides the information satisfied with current context for users. The middleware can be very effective to provide the support runtime services for context-aware computing. In this paper we propose middleware architecture for context processing. This architecture is based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) system for context reasoning and sensor fusion. We propose a formal context representation model in which a user’s context is described by a set of roles and relations correspond to a context space. A middleware prototype has been developed, which detect tourist’ physical context and provide reminding. The experiments prove that the model and approach proposed are feasible.

Advances in Atmospheric Radiation:Theories,Models,and Their Applications.PartⅡ:Radiative Transfer Models and Related Applications

The subject of“atmospheric radiation”includes not only fundamental theories on atmospheric gaseous absorption and the scattering and radiative transfer of particles(molecules,cloud,and aerosols),but also their applications in weather,climate,and atmospheric remote sensing,and is an essential part of the atmospheric sciences.This review includes two parts(Part I and PartⅡ);following the first part on gaseous absorption and particle scattering,this part(PartⅡ)reports the progress that has been made in radiative transfer theories,models,and their common applications,focusing particularly on the contributions from Chinese researchers.The recent achievements on radiative transfer models and methods developed for weather and climate studies and for atmospheric remote sensing are firstly reviewed.Then,the associated applications,such as surface radiation estimation,satellite remote sensing algorithms,radiative parameterization for climate models,and radiative-forcing related climate change studies are summarized,which further reveals the importance of radiative transfer theories and models.

超声引导下真空辅助旋切术在乳腺疾病诊断和治疗中的应用

近年来,随着临床医学和医学工程学的不断发展进步,肿瘤介入诊疗逐渐成为医学研究的前沿和热点方向,其中乳腺疾病微创诊疗的效果已获得肯定,尤其是空芯针穿刺活检(core needle biopsy,CNB)和真空辅助旋切术(vacuum-assisted breast biopsy,VABB),已被医师和患者普遍接受。VABB的核心装置为由旋转刀具和配套抽气孔的空芯活检针所组成的旋切针。负压吸引将组织吸进刀槽内,然后使用旋转刀具将组织切割成条状,运送至收集篮。VABB操作过程简便,1次穿刺即可以获得足量的组织样本,不需要反复多次穿刺[1],它既能满足良性疾病的治疗目标,又能通过对大多数乳房病灶进行近似完全切除,提高了诊断准确性,同时也最大限度地减少了术后瘢痕形成和并发症的发生[2]。目前VABB在国内外被乳腺外科、肿瘤科和超声科等多个科室广泛应用。本文对VABB在乳腺疾病诊断和治疗中的应用进行述评,为进一步临床研究提供参考。

Cu_(2)O-Cu界面上的Cu^(+)和Cu^(0)协同促进电催化CO_(2)还原高效和高选择性地生成C_(2+)产物

电催化CO_(2)还原技术有望同时缓解化石燃料濒临枯竭及大气中CO_(2)浓度不断攀升等问题.然而,对于高附加值的电催化CO_(2)还原多碳产物的选择性提升,仍然面临巨大挑战.密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,Cu_(2)O-Cu界面上Cu^(+)和Cu^(0)的协同耦合效应使其表面上^(*)COCO中间体的生成能降低,同时H_(2)O的解离自由能也降低,从而有利于电催化CO_(2)还原高选择性生成多碳产物特别是C_(2)H_(4).受DFT计算结果的启发,本文设计了一种氧化物衍生铜电极的活化策略,构建Cu_(2)O-Cu界面,以Cu^(+)和Cu^(0)协同促进电催化CO_(2)还原高效高选择性生成C_(2+)产物.其中,Cu_(2)O立方体被用作初始催化剂,经方波电位处理后,在Cu_(2)O-Cu界面上形成了具有Cu^(+)和Cu^(0)协同作用的S W-Cu_(2)O/Cu立方体.在H型电解池中,SW-Cu_(2)0/Cu电催化CO_(2)还原生成C_(2)H_(4)和C_(2+)产物的法拉第效率分别为60%和75%,约为前驱体Cu_(2)O立方体的1.5倍,证明Cu^(0)和Cu^(+)在Cu_(2)O-Cu界面上的协同作用的确可提高电催化CO_(2)还原过程中特定高附加值多碳产物的选择性.

纳米多孔Ru掺杂Cu协同调节反应中间体吸附与水分子解离促进电化学硝酸盐还原合成氨

作为能源密集型Haber-Bosch工艺合成氨的一种新兴替代品,电化学硝酸盐还原反应(NO_(3)RR)在可持续合成氨和废水处理方面受到了关注.然而,由于缺乏有效的电催化剂,NO_(3)RR目前仍然面临氨产率低和选择性差的问题.本文报道了通过脱合金法制备的纳米双模式孔Ru掺杂Cu催化剂作为NO_(3)RR的电催化剂,在-0.2 V versus RHE的电位下表现出29.63±0.74 mg h^(-1)mg_(cat.)^(-1)的超高氨产率与97.3%±2.5%的法拉第效率,优于大多数报道的催化剂.密度泛函理论计算表明,在Cu中掺杂Ru可以优化中间体的吸附能,降低NO_(3)RR速控步骤的能垒.此外,Ru原子可以促进H2O的吸附/解离,为含N中间体氢化为NH_(3)提供活性氢.这项工作为NO_(3)RR等过程进行高性能催化剂的合理设计提供了新的途径.

Engineering the interface of porous CoMoO_(3)nanosheets with Co_(3)Mo nanoparticles for high-performance electrochemical overall water splitting

The design of high-performance electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting is of significant importance for the development of a sustainable hydrogen economy.Herein,heterostructured Co_(3)Mo nanoparti-cles/porous CoMoO_(3)nanosheets(Co_(3)Mo/CoMoO_(3)NPSs)were constructed for alkaline water splitting by annealing CoMoO x nanosheets under controlled atmospheres.Thanks to its interfacial electronic structure and increased electrochemical active area,Co_(3)Mo/CoMoO_(3)NPSs exhibit impressive hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity with an overpotential of 334 mV at 1000 mA cm^(-2) and a Tafel slope of 46.4 mV per decade in 1.0 M KOH,which outperforms Pt/C catalyst(621 mV and 74.7 mV per decade).Density functional theory calculations illustrate the electron transfer from Co_(3)Mo to CoMoO_(3)at the interfaces,where electron accumulation on CoMoO_(3)favors the dissociation of H_(2)O molecule,and electron-deficient Co atoms in Co_(3)Mo have optimized H∗absorption energy for HER.The Co_(3)Mo/CoMoO_(3)NPSs also exhibit higher oxygen evolution reaction activity than the RuO_(2)catalyst.Moreover,the water electrolyzer us-ing Co_(3)Mo/CoMoO_(3)NPSs as both cathode and anode only requires 1.59 V to deliver a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 M KOH,which outperforms benchmark Pt/C||RuO_(2)electrodes couple with 1.69 V to reach the same current density,providing great potential for large-scale applications.

Synergetic roadmap of carbon neutrality and clean air for China

It is well recognized that carbon dioxide and air pollutants share similar emission sources so that synergetic policies on climate change mitigation and air pollution control can lead to remarkable co-benefits on greenhouse gas reduction,air quality improvement,and improved health.In the context of carbon peak,carbon neutrality,and clean air policies,this perspective tracks and analyzes the process of the synergetic governance of air pollution and climate change in China by developing and monitoring 18 indicators.The 18 indicators cover the following five aspects:air pollution and associated weather-climate conditions,progress in structural transition,sources,inks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,health impacts and benefits of coordinated control,and synergetic governance system and practices.By tracking the progress in each indicator,this perspective presents the major accomplishment of coordinated control,identifies the emerging challenges toward the synergetic governance,and provides policy recommendations for designing a synergetic roadmap of Carbon Neutrality and Clean Air for China.

Potential association of long noncoding RNA HA117 with tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)is a congenital heart disease characterized by abnormal cardiomyocyte differentiation in the right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT),and HA117 is a novel long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)with anti-differentiation roles.To investigate the potential association of HA117 with TOF,we collected 84 RVOT tissues from patients with TOF.We determined the expression of HA117 in RVOT samples from TOF patients and collected clinical data to conduct a cross-sectional and short-term follow-up study.McGoon ratio,Nakata index,and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index(LVEDVI)were negatively correlated with the expression of HA117 based on subgroup analysis,correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis.Additionally,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)time and ICU stay were longer in patients with higher expression of HA117 than in patients with lower expression of HA117.Furthermore,percentage improvement in SPO2 was significantly reduced in patients with increased HA117 expression at 6 months after surgery.Our results suggested that the increased expression of the novel lncRNA HA117 is a risk factor for unfavorable McGoon ratio,Nakata index and LVEDVI in TOF patients.Additionally,an increased expression of HA117 might lead to adverse short-term outcomes in TOF patients.

Copper nanowire with enriched high‐index facets for highly selective CO_(2) reduction

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into fuels and feedstocks with renewable energy is an attractive route to mitigate carbon emission and solve energy crisis.However,how to improve the selectivity of high‐value multicarbon products is still challenging.Here,we demonstrate that the high‐index crystalline surface of copper could be designed and obtained through a simple square‐wave potential treatment on copper nanowires,which is beneficial to improve the selectivity of multi‐carbon products,especially the reaction route towards ethylene.The Faradaic efficiency of C_(2+)products can reach nearly 60%,and hydrogen can be suppressed to below 20%.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that(311)high‐index facet can activate CO_(2) effectively and promote adsorption of the*COCOH intermediate on copper for ethylene formation,therefore improves the selectivity of ethylene and inhibits the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.This method can be extended to the design of other catalytic systems and has inspirations for other electrochemical catalytic reactions.

Peptide NGR Modified TiO_(2) Nanofiber Substrate for Circulating Tumor Cells Capture

The analysis of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)allows a noninvasive method of“real-time liquid biopsy”from the blood samples of cancer patients for the diagnosis of early-stage cancer,prognosis,and monitoring therapeutic response.In this study,we develop a simple,inexpensive,and reliable method that utilizes a small molecule peptide,the asparagine-glycine-arginine(NGR),as a capture probe for the selective enrichment and isolation of circulating tumor cells(CTCs).The multiscale TiO_(2) nanofibers are obtained by electrospinning and calcination.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)is decorated onto TiO_(2) nanofiber surfaces to inhibit non-target cell adhesion,while NGR peptides are conjugated onto the TiO_(2)-BSA surface through the glutaraldehyde(GA)to specifically capture the target cells.The TiO_(2)-BSA-NGR substrate exhibits a high capture sensitivity and efficiency from the mimical blood samples with PC-3 cancer cells as low as 10 cells/mL.The TiO_(2) nanofiber substrate can be a promising strategy for the capture and enumeration of CTCs in cancer progression monitoring.

Equilibrium Climate Response of the East Asian Summer Monsoon to Forcing of Anthropogenic Aerosol Species

We used an online aerosol-climate model to study the equilibrium climate response of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） to increases in anthropogenic emissions of sulfate, organic carbon, and black carbon aerosols from 1850 to 2000. Our results show that each of these aerosol species has a different effect on the EASM as a result of changes in the local sea-land thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation. The increased emission of sulfate aerosol leads to a decrease in the thermal contrast between the land and ocean, a southward shift of the East Asian subtropical jet, and significant northerly wind anomalies at 850 hPa over eastern China and the ambient oceans, markedly dampening the EASM. An increase in organic carbon aerosol results in pronounced surface cooling and the forma- tion of an anomalous anticyclone over the oceans north of 30°N. These effects cause a slight increase in the sea-land thermal contrast and southerly flow anomalies to the west of the anticyclonic center, strengthening the northern EASM. An increase in organic carbon emission decreases the sea-land thermal contrast over southern China, which weakens the southern EASM. The response of the summer 850-hPa winds and rainfall over the East Asian monsoon region to an increase in black carbon emission is generally consistent with the response to an increase in organic carbon. The increase in black carbon emission leads to a strengthening of the northern EASM north of 35°N and a slight weakening of the southern EASM south of 35°N. The simulated response of the EASM to the increase in black carbon emission is unchanged when the emission of black carbon is scaled up by five times its year 2000 levels, although the intensities of the response is enhanced. The increase in sulfate emission primarily weakens the EASM, whereas the increases in black carbon and organic carbon emissions mitigate weakening of the northern EASM.