Safe emplacement of high-level nuclear waste(HLNW)arising from the utilization of nuclear power is a frequently en-countered and considerably challenging issue.The widely accepted and feasible approach for the permane...Safe emplacement of high-level nuclear waste(HLNW)arising from the utilization of nuclear power is a frequently en-countered and considerably challenging issue.The widely accepted and feasible approach for the permanent disposal of HLNW involves housing it in a corrosion-resistant container and subsequently burying it deep in a geologic repository.The focus lies on ensuring the dur-ability and integrity of the container in this process.This review introduces various techniques and strategies employed in controlling the corrosion of used fuel containers(UFCs)using copper(Cu)as corrosion barrier in the context of deep geological disposal.Overall,these corrosion prevention techniques and methods have been effectively implemented and employed to successfully mitigate the corrosion challenges encountered during the permanent disposal of Cu containers(e.g.,corrosion mechanisms and corrosion parameters)in deep geologic repositories.The primary objective of this review is to provide an extensive examination of the alteration in the corrosion envir-onment encountered by the UFCs when subjected to deep geologic repository conditions and focusing on addressing the potential corro-sion scenarios.展开更多
Three species of the ant genus Echinopla are recognized in China:E.cherapunjiensis,E.striata and E.lateropilosa.The last one is recorded for the first time in China.Morphological descriptions,measurements,distribution...Three species of the ant genus Echinopla are recognized in China:E.cherapunjiensis,E.striata and E.lateropilosa.The last one is recorded for the first time in China.Morphological descriptions,measurements,distribution and high-resolution color pictures of the worker caste of each species are provided.A key to the known Chinese species based on worker caste is presented.展开更多
ZrP_(2)O_(7) is a promising wave-transparent material due to its low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss,but its inherent phase transition characteristic at approximately 300℃ limits its high-temperature appl...ZrP_(2)O_(7) is a promising wave-transparent material due to its low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss,but its inherent phase transition characteristic at approximately 300℃ limits its high-temperature application.Therefore,suppressing the phase transition is necessary for ZrP_(2)O_(7),to serve in extremely harsh environments.In this work,introducing Ti and Hf into ZrP_(2)O_(7) causes significant lattice distortion and an increase in entropy,both of which synergistically limit the crystal structure transformation.In addition,enhanced phonon scattering by mismatch of atomic mass and local distortion leads to a reduction in the thermal conductivity.Lattice distortions also cause changes in both bond length and tilting angle,so that(Ti_(1/3)Zr_(1/3)Hf_(1/3))P_(2)O_(7) does not undergo sudden expansion as does ZrP_(2)O_(7).(Ti_(1/3)Zr_(1/3)Hf_(1/3))ZrP_(2)O_(7) maintains excellent dielectric properties,which highlights it as a promising high-temperature wave-transparent material.展开更多
Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.In addition to important roles in immune surveillance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory regulation.The uterus of early pregn...Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.In addition to important roles in immune surveillance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory regulation.The uterus of early pregnancy is a non-lymphoid organ enriched in NK cells that are specifically recruited to placental attachment sites.In species with invasive hemochorial placentation,these uterine natural killer(uNK)cells,via secretion of cytokines,chemokines,mucins,enzymes and angiogenic growth factors,contribute to the physiological change of mesometrial endometrium into the unique stromal environment called decidua basalis.In humans,uNK cells have the phenotype CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) and they appear in great abundance in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.Gene expression studies indicate that CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) uterine and circulating cells are functionally distinct.In humans but not mice or other species with post-implantation decidualization,uNK cells may contribute to blastocyst implantation and are of interest as therapeutic targets in female infertility.Histological and genetic studies in mice first identified triggering of the process of gestation spiral arterial modification as a major uNK cell function,achieved via interferon(IFN)-c secretion.During spiral arterial modification,branches from the uterine artery that traverse the endometrium/decidua transiently lose their muscular coat and ability to vasoconstrict.The expression of vascular markers changes from arterial to venous as these vessels dilate and become low-resistance,high-volume channels.Full understanding of the vascular interactions of human uNK cells is difficult to obtain because endometrial time-course studies are not possible in pregnant women.Here we briefly review key information concerning uNK cell functions from studies in rodents,summarize highlights concerning human uNK cells and describe our preliminary studies on development of a humanized,pregnant mouse model for in vivo investigations of human uNK cell functions.展开更多
Low thermal conductivity,compatible thermal expansion coefficient,and good calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate(CMAS)corrosion resistance are critical requirements of environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ce...Low thermal conductivity,compatible thermal expansion coefficient,and good calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate(CMAS)corrosion resistance are critical requirements of environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ceramics.Rare earth silicates have been recognized as one of the most promising environmental barrier coating candidates for good water vapor corrosion resistance.However,the relatively high thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient limit the practical application.Inspired by the high entropy effect,a novel rare earth monosilicate solid solution(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)was designed to improve the overall performance.The as-synthesized(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)shows very low thermal conductivity(1.07 W·m-1·K-1 at 600℃).Point defects including mass mismatch and oxygen vacancies mainly contribute to the good thermal insulation properties.The thermal expansion coefficient of(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)can be decreased to(4.0–5.9)×10^(-6)K^(-1)due to severe lattice distortion and chemical bonding variation,which matches well with that of SiC((4.5–5.5)×10^(-6)K^(-1)).In addition,(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)presents good resistance to CMAS corrosion.The improved performance of(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)highlights it as a promising environmental barrier coating candidate.展开更多
Three species of the myrmicine ant genus Dilobocondyla are recognized in China:D. gaoyureni, D. fouqueti and D. rufida sp. nov. The new species is described based on the worker and the gyne castes, and can be distingu...Three species of the myrmicine ant genus Dilobocondyla are recognized in China:D. gaoyureni, D. fouqueti and D. rufida sp. nov. The new species is described based on the worker and the gyne castes, and can be distinguished from the others by the relatively shorter petiole and the obvious bicolored body. A revised key to the known species of the world based on worker caste is presented.展开更多
Rare earth(RE)silicate is one of the most promising environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ceramics in gas turbine engines.However,calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate(CMAS)corrosion becomes much more serious ...Rare earth(RE)silicate is one of the most promising environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ceramics in gas turbine engines.However,calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate(CMAS)corrosion becomes much more serious and is the critical challenge for RE silicate with the increasing operating temperature.Therefore,it is quite urgent to clarify the mechanism of high-temperature CMAS-induced degradation of RE silicate at relatively high temperatures.Herein,the interaction between RE_(2)SiO_(5) and CMAS up to 1500℃was investigated by a novel high temperature in-situ observation method.High temperature promotes the growth of the main reaction product(Ca_(2)RE_(8)(SiO_(4))6O_(2))fast along the[001]direction,and the precipitation of short and horizontally distributed Ca_(2)RE_(8)(SiO_(4))6O_(2) grains was accelerated during the cooling process.The increased temperature increases the solubility of RE elements,decreases the viscosity of CMAS,and thus elevates the corrosion reaction rate,making RE_(2)SiO_(5) fast interaction with CMAS and less affected by RE element species.展开更多
Species of the ant genus Prenolepis in China are reviewed. Seven species are treated, of which four are described as new, namely P. angulinoda sp. nov., P. cyclopia sp. nov., P. quinquedenta sp. nov. and P. striata sp...Species of the ant genus Prenolepis in China are reviewed. Seven species are treated, of which four are described as new, namely P. angulinoda sp. nov., P. cyclopia sp. nov., P. quinquedenta sp. nov. and P. striata sp. nov. A key to the known species in China based on the worker caste is provided, and the worker of each species is imaged.展开更多
Four species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex in the subfamily Proceratiinae are recognized in China,namely P.dammermani,P.longiscapus,P.longinodus and P.vieti.Two species,P.dammermani and P.vieti are recorded in China ...Four species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex in the subfamily Proceratiinae are recognized in China,namely P.dammermani,P.longiscapus,P.longinodus and P.vieti.Two species,P.dammermani and P.vieti are recorded in China for the first time.A key to the known Chinse species of the genus based on worker caste is presented.展开更多
基金study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B2065),EditChecks(https://editchecks.com.cn/)for providing linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
文摘Safe emplacement of high-level nuclear waste(HLNW)arising from the utilization of nuclear power is a frequently en-countered and considerably challenging issue.The widely accepted and feasible approach for the permanent disposal of HLNW involves housing it in a corrosion-resistant container and subsequently burying it deep in a geologic repository.The focus lies on ensuring the dur-ability and integrity of the container in this process.This review introduces various techniques and strategies employed in controlling the corrosion of used fuel containers(UFCs)using copper(Cu)as corrosion barrier in the context of deep geological disposal.Overall,these corrosion prevention techniques and methods have been effectively implemented and employed to successfully mitigate the corrosion challenges encountered during the permanent disposal of Cu containers(e.g.,corrosion mechanisms and corrosion parameters)in deep geologic repositories.The primary objective of this review is to provide an extensive examination of the alteration in the corrosion envir-onment encountered by the UFCs when subjected to deep geologic repository conditions and focusing on addressing the potential corro-sion scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960108)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2018GXNSFAA294005)+1 种基金the National Animal Collection Resource Center of China,the Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University)the Ministry of Education and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology(Guangxi Normal University)。
文摘Three species of the ant genus Echinopla are recognized in China:E.cherapunjiensis,E.striata and E.lateropilosa.The last one is recorded for the first time in China.Morphological descriptions,measurements,distribution and high-resolution color pictures of the worker caste of each species are provided.A key to the known Chinese species based on worker caste is presented.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202078 and 52202126)the Leading Talent Project of the National Special Support Program(No.2022WRLJ003)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2021B1515020083)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515110293 and 2022A1515012201).
文摘ZrP_(2)O_(7) is a promising wave-transparent material due to its low dielectric constant and low dielectric loss,but its inherent phase transition characteristic at approximately 300℃ limits its high-temperature application.Therefore,suppressing the phase transition is necessary for ZrP_(2)O_(7),to serve in extremely harsh environments.In this work,introducing Ti and Hf into ZrP_(2)O_(7) causes significant lattice distortion and an increase in entropy,both of which synergistically limit the crystal structure transformation.In addition,enhanced phonon scattering by mismatch of atomic mass and local distortion leads to a reduction in the thermal conductivity.Lattice distortions also cause changes in both bond length and tilting angle,so that(Ti_(1/3)Zr_(1/3)Hf_(1/3))P_(2)O_(7) does not undergo sudden expansion as does ZrP_(2)O_(7).(Ti_(1/3)Zr_(1/3)Hf_(1/3))ZrP_(2)O_(7) maintains excellent dielectric properties,which highlights it as a promising high-temperature wave-transparent material.
基金These studies were supported by awards from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council,Canada,the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canada Research Chairs Program to BAC and a Province of Ontario/Queen’s Postdoctoral Fellowship award to JHZ.
文摘Natural killer(NK)cells are found in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs.In addition to important roles in immune surveillance,some NK cells contribute to angiogenesis and circulatory regulation.The uterus of early pregnancy is a non-lymphoid organ enriched in NK cells that are specifically recruited to placental attachment sites.In species with invasive hemochorial placentation,these uterine natural killer(uNK)cells,via secretion of cytokines,chemokines,mucins,enzymes and angiogenic growth factors,contribute to the physiological change of mesometrial endometrium into the unique stromal environment called decidua basalis.In humans,uNK cells have the phenotype CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) and they appear in great abundance in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy.Gene expression studies indicate that CD56^(bright) CD16^(dim) uterine and circulating cells are functionally distinct.In humans but not mice or other species with post-implantation decidualization,uNK cells may contribute to blastocyst implantation and are of interest as therapeutic targets in female infertility.Histological and genetic studies in mice first identified triggering of the process of gestation spiral arterial modification as a major uNK cell function,achieved via interferon(IFN)-c secretion.During spiral arterial modification,branches from the uterine artery that traverse the endometrium/decidua transiently lose their muscular coat and ability to vasoconstrict.The expression of vascular markers changes from arterial to venous as these vessels dilate and become low-resistance,high-volume channels.Full understanding of the vascular interactions of human uNK cells is difficult to obtain because endometrial time-course studies are not possible in pregnant women.Here we briefly review key information concerning uNK cell functions from studies in rodents,summarize highlights concerning human uNK cells and describe our preliminary studies on development of a humanized,pregnant mouse model for in vivo investigations of human uNK cell functions.
基金This work was financially supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2021B1515020083)Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation for Young Scholars(Grant No.21201910240002803)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.GXWD20201231165807008,20200831172254001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.2021qntd10).
文摘Low thermal conductivity,compatible thermal expansion coefficient,and good calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate(CMAS)corrosion resistance are critical requirements of environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ceramics.Rare earth silicates have been recognized as one of the most promising environmental barrier coating candidates for good water vapor corrosion resistance.However,the relatively high thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient limit the practical application.Inspired by the high entropy effect,a novel rare earth monosilicate solid solution(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)was designed to improve the overall performance.The as-synthesized(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)shows very low thermal conductivity(1.07 W·m-1·K-1 at 600℃).Point defects including mass mismatch and oxygen vacancies mainly contribute to the good thermal insulation properties.The thermal expansion coefficient of(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)can be decreased to(4.0–5.9)×10^(-6)K^(-1)due to severe lattice distortion and chemical bonding variation,which matches well with that of SiC((4.5–5.5)×10^(-6)K^(-1)).In addition,(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)presents good resistance to CMAS corrosion.The improved performance of(Ho_(0.25)Lu_(0.25)Yb_(0.25)Eu_(0.25))_(2)SiO_(5)highlights it as a promising environmental barrier coating candidate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672343)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2016GXNSFBA380024)Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University),Ministry of Education(ERESEP2018Z03)
文摘Three species of the myrmicine ant genus Dilobocondyla are recognized in China:D. gaoyureni, D. fouqueti and D. rufida sp. nov. The new species is described based on the worker and the gyne castes, and can be distinguished from the others by the relatively shorter petiole and the obvious bicolored body. A revised key to the known species of the world based on worker caste is presented.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52202078 and 52202126)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2021B1515020083)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2021A1515110293 and 2022A1515012201)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.202206193000001 and 20220818183014003).
文摘Rare earth(RE)silicate is one of the most promising environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ceramics in gas turbine engines.However,calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate(CMAS)corrosion becomes much more serious and is the critical challenge for RE silicate with the increasing operating temperature.Therefore,it is quite urgent to clarify the mechanism of high-temperature CMAS-induced degradation of RE silicate at relatively high temperatures.Herein,the interaction between RE_(2)SiO_(5) and CMAS up to 1500℃was investigated by a novel high temperature in-situ observation method.High temperature promotes the growth of the main reaction product(Ca_(2)RE_(8)(SiO_(4))6O_(2))fast along the[001]direction,and the precipitation of short and horizontally distributed Ca_(2)RE_(8)(SiO_(4))6O_(2) grains was accelerated during the cooling process.The increased temperature increases the solubility of RE elements,decreases the viscosity of CMAS,and thus elevates the corrosion reaction rate,making RE_(2)SiO_(5) fast interaction with CMAS and less affected by RE element species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672343)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology,Guangxi Normal University(GKN 1301z001)
文摘Species of the ant genus Prenolepis in China are reviewed. Seven species are treated, of which four are described as new, namely P. angulinoda sp. nov., P. cyclopia sp. nov., P. quinquedenta sp. nov. and P. striata sp. nov. A key to the known species in China based on the worker caste is provided, and the worker of each species is imaged.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960108)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2021JJA130278)+1 种基金Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University)Ministry of Education and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology(Guangxi Normal University)。
文摘Four species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex in the subfamily Proceratiinae are recognized in China,namely P.dammermani,P.longiscapus,P.longinodus and P.vieti.Two species,P.dammermani and P.vieti are recorded in China for the first time.A key to the known Chinse species of the genus based on worker caste is presented.
