Physiological and molecular mechanisms of cytokinin involvement in nitrate-mediated adventitious root formation in apples

Potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))promotes adventitious root(AR)formation in apple stem cuttings.However,evidence for the possible involvement of cytokinin(CK)in KNO_(3)-mediated AR formation in apples is still lacking.In this study,we cultured GL-3 apple microshoots in different treatment combinations.While the T1(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+6-benzyl adenine(6-BA)2.22μmol L^(-1))and T3(6-BA 2.22μmol L^(-1))treatments completely inhibited AR formation,the control,T2(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)),and T4(KNO_(3)9.4 mmol L^(-1)+lovastatin(Lov)1.24μmol L^(-1))treatments developed ARs.However,T4-treated microshoots developed fewer and shorter ARs,indicating that optimum CK synthesis is needed for normal AR growth.This also suggests that these fewer and shorter ARs developed because of the presence of KNO_(3) in the same medium.The anatomy of the stem basal part indicated that the inhibition of CK biosynthesis delayed AR primordia formation.The endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and zeatin riboside(ZR)were higher in T2-treated microshoots,while the abscisic acid(ABA),gibberellic acid 3(GA_(3)),and brassinosteroid(BR)levels were higher in T4-treated microshoots.The expression levels of MdNRT1.1and MdNRT2.1 were higher in T2-treated microshoots at 3 and 8 days,while MdRR2 and MdCKX5 were higher at 8 and 16 days,respectively.Furthermore,higher IAA levels increased MdWOX11 expression,which in turn increased MdLBD16 and MdLBD29 expression in response to T2.The combined expression of these genes stimulated adventitious rooting by upregulating cell cycle-related genes(MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1)in response to T2 treatment.This study shows that specific genes and hormonal pathways contribute to KNO_(3)-CK-mediated adventitious rooting in apples.

个体化诊疗模式在胃肠道恶性肿瘤中预防中度致吐性化疗方案的临床观察

目的:分析真实世界中化疗引起的恶心和呕吐(chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting,CINV)的个体化诊疗模式对胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者的CINV控制效果及对生存质量的影响。方法:选取2018年10月至2020年10月就诊于河北医科大学第四医院接受中度致吐风险化疗方案的289例胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者,按照CINV评估治疗方法分为CINV个体化诊疗组(A组)和医师选择诊疗组(B组),分析比较两组CINV控制效果及对生存质量的影响。结果:289例患者中A组146例,B组143例。A组全程恶心(74.66%vs.34.27%,P<0.001)、呕吐(87.67%vs.55.94%,P<0.001)完全控制率均明显优于B组,A组急性期及延迟期恶心、呕吐完全控制率优于B组。同时,A组患者在生存质量的功能领域(躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能),症状领域(恶心呕吐、疲倦、失眠、厌食),以及总体健康状况方面均表现出显著的优势。结论:个体化CINV诊疗模式可显著改善真实世界中胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者的CINV控制率和生存质量。

A New Conjugate Gradient Projection Method for Solving Stochastic Generalized Linear Complementarity Problems

In this paper, a class of the stochastic generalized linear complementarity problems with finitely many elements is proposed for the first time. Based on the Fischer-Burmeister function, a new conjugate gradient projection method is given for solving the stochastic generalized linear complementarity problems. The global convergence of the conjugate gradient projection method is proved and the related numerical results are also reported.

二氧化碳还原转化

二氧化碳是一种主要温室气体,也是来源丰富、环境友好的可再生碳一资源。其化学转化不仅可固定CO_(2),还可获得高附加值能源产品、化学品以及可降解的高分子材料,因此其资源化利用引起了科技界的广泛关注和研究兴趣。本专刊中收集了我国部分科学家在相关领域的研究成果,将展示通过热、电、光催化还原CO_(2)制备化学品和能源产品方面的最新研究进展。

Design and preliminary results of beam return on of high power ion source

Long pulse operation of high power ion source is the requirement of fusion science research on neutral beam injector. A breakdown of accelerator column is drastically increased when operating with high beam energy and long beam duration. To extend the pulse length, which was stopped with every breakdown so far, the beam re-starting technology was developed and utilized. As a result, the voltage drop of every power supply due to breakdown was recovered within a time of 90 ms and beam pulse length was extended much longer than the case before this improvement. The details of the beam re-starting technology and the preliminary results were presented in this manuscript.

Influence of higher-order ionospheric delay correction on GPS precise orbit determination and precise positioning

At present, Global Navigation Satellite Systems（GNSS） users usually eliminate the influence of ionospheric delay of the first order items by dual-frequency ionosphere-free combination. But there is still residual ionospheric delay error of higher order term. The influence of the higher-order ionospheric corrections on both GPS precision orbit determination and static Precise Point Positioning（PPP） are studied in this paper. The influence of higher-order corrections on GPS precision orbit determination, GPS observations and static PPP are analyzed by neglecting or considering the higher-order ionospheric corrections by using a globally distributed network which is composed of International GNSS Service（IGS） tracking stations. Numerical experimental results show that, the root mean square（RMS） in three dimensions of satellite orbit is 36.6 mme35.5 mm. The maximal second-order ionospheric correction is 9 cm, and the maximal third-order ionospheric correction is 1 cm. Higher-order corrections are influenced by latitude and station distribution. PPP is within 3 mm in the directions of east and up. Furthermore, the impact is mainly visible in the direction of north, showing a southward migration trend, especially at the lower latitudes where the influence value is likely to be bigger than 3 mm.

The return and loss of litter phosphorus in different types of sand dunes in Horqin Sandy Land,northeastern China

Litter phosphorus （P） return is important to maintain the P cycle and balance in the sandy land of arid areas. In this study, we determined the loss and return of litter P in sand dune areas and elucidated their relation- ship. We investigated litter production and litter P amount, and simulated leaf litter moving dynamics to understand the relationships between the loss of litter P and the total litter P, and between the return of litter P and the total litter P in active （AD）, semi-stabilized （SSD） and stabilized （SD） dunes in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The vegetation litter P was 12.6, 94.5, and 201.6 mg P/m2 in AD, SSD, and SD, respectively. A significant movement and loss of leaf litter P with time occurred on the three types of sand dunes. As a result, the loss of P was 7.4, 46.9, and 69.8 mg P/m2 and the return of P was 5.5, 47.6, and 131.8 mg P/m2 in AD, SSD, and SD, respectively. The rela- tionship between both loss and return of P and total litter P in AD, SSD, and SD was revealed by linear regression. The slope of the regression line indicated the rate of loss or return of litter P. From AD to SD, the loss rate showed a declining slope （0.52, 0.32, and 0.17 for AD, SSD, and SD, respectively）, and the return rate showed a rising slope （0.48, 0.67, and 0.83 for AD, SSD, and SD, respectively）. The loss of litter P should be regarded in the local man- agement of vegetation and land in sand dune areas. Improved vegetation restoration measures are necessary to decrease litter P loss to maintain the stability of ecosystems in sand dune areas.

Species composition and diversity,and carbon stock in a dune ecosystem in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China

In this study, we determined carbon allocation and carbon stocks in the plant-soil system of different dune ecosystems in northeastern China. We quantified the species composition, above and below-ground bio masses, and carbon stocks of three dune types （i.e. active dunes, semi-stabilized dunes and stabilized dunes） and their corresponding inter-dune lowlands （i.e. interdune lowlands of active dunes, interdune lowlands of semi-stabilized dunes and interdune lowlands of stabilized dunes） in the Horqin Sandy Land. The results showed that the succession series on interdune lowlands of the Horqin Sandy Land confirmed differences in species composition of the various dune types. Aboveground carbon （AGC） on the interdune lowlands of semi-stabilized dunes （33.04 g C/m2） was greater （P〈0.05） than that on the interdune lowlands of active dunes （10.73 g C/m2）. At the same time, the different dune types did not show any significant differences （/：〉〉0.05） in belowground plant carbon （BGC）. However, the percentage of plant BGC in interdune lowlands of active dunes （81.5%） was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that in the interdune lowlands of semi-stabilized dunes （58.9%）. The predominant carbon pool in the study dune ecosystem was in the soil. It accounted for 95% to 99% of total carbon storage. Soil organic carbon （SOC） was at least 55% greater （P〈0.05） in the interdunes than in the dunes. Stabilized dunes showed at least a 37% greater （P〈0.05） SOC content than active dunes up to a 1-m soil depth. Meanwhile, SOC content of interdune lowlands of semi-stabilized dunes was greater （P〈0.05） than that of interdune lowlands of active dunes only up to a 20-cm soil depth. The dune ecosystem showed a great potential to store carbon when interdune lowlands of active dunes were conversed to interdune lowlands of semi-stabilized dunes, which stored up to twice as much carbon per unit volume as interdune lowlands of active dunes.

An analysis and preliminary experiment of the discharge characteristics of RF ion source with electromagnetic shielding

Combined with two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)finite element analysis and preliminary experimental tests,the effects of size and placement of the electromagnetic shield of the radio-frequency(RF)ion source with two drivers on plasma parameters and RF power transfer efficiency are analyzed.It is found that the same input direction of the current is better for the RF ion source with multiple drivers.The electromagnetic shield(EMS)should be placed symmetrically around the drivers,which is beneficial for the plasma to distribute uniformly and symmetrically in both drivers.Furthermore,the bigger the EMS shield radius is the better generating a higher electron density.These results will be of guiding significance to the design of electromagnetic shielding for RF ion sources with a multi-driver.

Study on ionosphere change over Shandong based from SDCORS in 2012

Temporal and spatial variation of ionosphere can influence our daily communication activities. By solving the one-year global positioning system （GPS） data of Shandong Continuous Operational Reference System （SDCORS） in 2012, we modeled the single-layer spherical harmonic model of vertical total electron content （TEC） over Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the time series of TEC in 2012. The ionosphere over Shandong in 2012 was in the peak year of solar activity. The ionospheric model over Shandong was calibrated and verified using data of the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe （CODE） and the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC）, respectively. The ionosphere is greatly influenced by latitude and solar activity and has the phenomenon of Winter anomaly and semiannual anomaly as well as the session change, diurnal variation, monthly change and seasonal variations. So we can grasp the regularity of temporal and spatial distribution of ionosphere over Shandong, China.

一种对进展期胃癌病理检出淋巴结数量有限或足量的均质化分期方法

背景与目的病理送检淋巴结数量有限(examined lymph nodes,eLNs<16)的胃癌患者与送检数量足量(eLNs≥16)的患者相比预后更差,但是临床上均使用美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint CommitteeonCancer,AJCC)的TNM分期系统和相同的淋巴结分期。本研究的目的是制订一种在临床上简便可行的分期方法,使这两类患者的分期均质化。方法采用第8版AJCC病理淋巴结(nodal,N)和浸润深度-淋巴结-远处转移(tumor-node-metastasis,TNM)分期系统进行分期,然后再根据病理送检的淋巴结(lymph nodes,LNs)数量分为送检数量有限(eLNs<16)和送检数量足量(eLNs≥16)的两个eLNs组。通过比较两组的5年总生存期(overall survival,OS)之间的差异,将eLNs<16组的生存期与eLNs≥16组的生存期进行配对,利用本研究提出的新的改良的淋巴结分期(N’)和TNM分期(TN’M),将eLNs<16组的患者的N分期和TNM分期进行重新分期。然后将N’和TN’M分期的预后效能与第8版AJCC的N分期和TNM分期系统,以及基于淋巴结比率(lymph node ratio,LNR)的淋巴结分期系统进行比较。结果在相同淋巴结亚组下,eLNs<16和eLNs≥16的两组队列的5年OS均存在显著性差异(P<0.001)。eLNs<16组中的N0、N1、N2和N3a亚组分别对应eLNs≥16组中的N1、N2、N3a和N3b,5年OS无显著性差异(P值分别为0.853、0.476、0.114和0.230)。因此我们提出了一种新的分期方法,将来自eLNs<16组的患者的淋巴结分期归入相对N分期更高一级别的淋巴结分期,称为N’分期。与第8版AJCC N分期和LNR分期相比,本研究提出的新型分期方法显示出更好的分层和预后预测效能[Akaike information criterion values(AIC):12,276vs.12,358vs.12,283]。与第8版AJCCTNM分期相比,TN’M分期也显示出更好的预后预测效能(AIC值:12,252 vs.12,312)。结论本研究提出的新型淋巴结分期方法为病理检查淋巴结数量有限与足量的胃癌患者群体进行了均质化分期,是一种临床实用且可靠的方法。

Preliminary results of optical emission spectroscopy by line ratio method in the RF negative ion source at ASIPP

Optical emission spectroscopy(OES)using the trace rare gases of Ar and Xe have been carried out in a radio frequency(RF)driven negative ion source at Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Science(ASIPP),in order to determine the electron temperature and density of the hydrogen plasma.The line-ratio methods based on population models are applied to describe the radiation process of the excited state particles and establish their relations with the plasma parameters.The spectral lines from the argon and xenon excited state atoms with the wavelength of 750.4 and 828.0 nm are used to calculate the electron temperature based on the corona model.The argon ions emission lines with the wavelength of 480 and 488 nm are selected to calculate the electron density based on the collisional radiative model.OES has given the preliminary results of the electron temperature and density by varying the discharge gas pressure and RF power.According to the experimental results,the typical plasma parameters isTe2≈2-4 eV and ne≈1 x 1017-8 x 1017 m^-3 in front of plasma grid.

应急状态下新冠流行曲线预测的方法学研究——基于北京市百度搜索和传统流感样病例监测

Surveillance is an essential work on infectious diseases prevention and control.When the pandemic occurred,the inadequacy of traditional surveillance was exposed,but it also provided a valuable opportunity to explore new surveillance methods.This study aimed to estimate the transmission dynamics and epidemic curve of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)Omicron BF.7 in Beijing under the emergent situation using Baidu index and influenza-like illness(ILI)surveillance.A novel hybrid model(multiattention bidirectional gated recurrent unit(MABG)-susceptible-exposed-infected-removed(SEIR))was developed,which leveraged a deep learning algorithm(MABG)to scrutinize the past records of ILI occurrences and the Baidu index of diverse symptoms such as fever,pyrexia,cough,sore throat,anti-fever medicine,and runny nose.By considering the current Baidu index and the correlation between ILI cases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,a transmission dynamics model(SEIR)was formulated to estimate the transmission dynamics and epidemic curve of SARS-Co V-2.During the COVID-19 pandemic,when conventional surveillance measures have been suspended temporarily,cases of ILI can serve as a useful indicator for estimating the epidemiological trends of COVID-19.In the specific case of Beijing,it has been ascertained that cumulative infection attack rate surpass 80.25%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):77.51%-82.99%)since December 17,2022,with the apex of the outbreak projected to transpire on December 12.The culmination of existing patients is expected to occur three days subsequent to this peak.Effective reproduction number(Rt)represents the average number of secondary infections generated from a single infected individual at a specific point in time during an epidemic,remained below 1 since December 17,2022.The traditional disease surveillance systems should be complemented with information from modern surveillance data such as online data sources with advanced technical support.Modern surveillance channels should be used primarily in emerging infectious and disease outbreaks.Syndrome surveillance on COVID-19 should be established to following on the epidemic,clinical severity,and medical resource demand.

A video camera recording method for measuring terminal velocity of seed dispersal by wind

An accurate and convenient method is essential for measuring the terminal velocity of seeds dispersed by wind.Systematic and random errors produced by existing methods lower the accuracy and convenience in determining seed terminal velocity.In this study,a video camera was used to record the falling process of forty-one species of wind-borne seed with eight appendage structures and seven aerodynamic behaviors in a settling tower at a speed of 50 frames per second(fps).The videos were analyzed by Quick Time Player to determine seed acceleration height,acceleration time,and terminal velocity.The results showed that acceleration height and time,terminal velocity,and the diff erence between terminal velocity and descent velocity(DTD)increased with wing loading.Compared with dropping methods,the camera recording method eliminated the eff ect of acceleration and corrected seed terminal velocity.Based on wing loading,release heights were determined for accurate measurement of terminal velocity of diff erent seeds.This method,due to its inexpensive equipment,high accuracy,easy observation and operation,can be applied to measure the terminal velocity of wind dispersed seeds,and provides a promising method in exploring the dispersal process of seeds.

Selectively reductive amination of levulinic acid with aryl amines to N-substituted aryl pyrroles

Synthesizing nitrogen(N)-containing molecules from biomass derivatives is a new strategy for production of this kind of chemicals.Herein,for the first time we present the synthesis of N-substituted aryl pyrroles via reductive amination/cyclization of levulinic acid(LA)with primary aromatic amines and hydrosilanes(e.g.,PMHS)over Cs F,and a series of N-substituted aryl pyrroles could be obtained in good to excellent yields at 120○C.The mechanism investigation indicates that the reaction proceeds in two steps:the cyclization between amine and LA occurs first to form intermediate 5-methyl-N-alkyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolones and their isomeride(B),and then the chemo-and region-selective reduction of intermediates take place to produce the final products.This approach for synthesis of N-substituted aryl pyrroles can be performed under mild and green conditions,which may have promising applications.

Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of perianal Paget’s disease:A SEER population-based study

Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical features of patients with perianal Paget’s disease(PPD)and investigate prognosis risk factors.Methods The SEER*Stat software was used to identify 116 PPD patients from 1975 to 2015 in the SEER research database.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to conduct a univariate analysis for PPD patients.The differences in survival rates were evaluated using the log-rank test.The differences in the clinicopathological features of PPD patients with or without anorectal carcinoma were compared using the chi-square test.Results The median survival time of PPD patients was 44 months.The median age of onset was 73 years old.The 43.10%of the patients were alive at the end of follow up,and only 12.93%of the patients died of PPD.Elderly(age>70 years;χ^2=9.453,P=0.002),poor differentiation(χ^2=46.557,P=0.000)and abdominal perineal resection(APR;χ^2=46.557,P=0.000)were unfavorable risk factors of prognosis.Nearly 50%of PPD had combined with other malignancies,and over 22.41%of those had multiple primary neoplasms(3 or more).PPDs predisposed concurrent malignancy,and 48.21%of PPD patients with other malignancies combined with anorectal carcinoma in the study.Stage(χ^2=10.127,P=0.018),and surgical method(χ^2=12.245,P=0.007)were statistically significant in the PPD patients with or without anorectal carcinoma.The 16.07%of patients had multiple lesions of Paget’s.Conclusion Patients with PPD have a favorable survival,while the disease-specific mortality is low.Diagnosed age,differentiation,and surgical methods were the influence factors of prognosis in PPD patients.PPDs with anorectal carcinoma is of most important in further investigation.

The Role of Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1 in Gastric Carcinogenesis and Its Clinical Significance

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1, and to examine the clinical significance of the intracellular expression site （ICES） in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS Specimens from 172 cases of gastric cancer, 151 tissues from paraneoplastic gastric mucosa and 34 from noncancerous gastric mucosa were collected in Dalain, China. An immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of the hMSH2, hMLH1 proteins and their ICES in the gastric mucosas. RESULTS The rate of hMSH2 expression in gastric cancers, paraneoplastic gastric mucosas and noncancerous gastric mucosas were respectively 69.8%, 49.7% and 32.4%. The rate was significantly higher in gastric cancer compared to the latter two groups （P=0.000）, but there was no obvious difference in the expression between the two latter groups （P=0.067）. The hMLH1 protein expression rates were respectively 73.3%, 57.6% and 41.2% in the above three groups. The expression was significantly higher in the gastric cancer group compared to the two latter groups （P=0.000）, while there was no significant difference between the latter groups （P=0.082）. There was no obvious correlation between the hMSH2 and hMLH1 protein expression rates and related factors, such as gender, age and differentiated level of gastric cancer etc. The cell-nuclear expression of the hMSH2 protein was respectively 70.0%, 58.7% and 36.4% in the gastric cancer, paraneoplastic gastric mucosa and noncancerous gastric mucosa groups. The cytoplasmic expression rates were 30.0%, 41.3% and 63.6% in the three groups. The cell-nuclear expression rate of the hMSH2 protein gradually decreased in the gastric mucosas in the following order： cancer, paraneoplastic and noncancerous but cytoplasmic expression only increased slightly in these groups （r=0.161, P=0.020）. There was no significant difference in the ICES of the hMLH1 protein among the three different gastric mucosas （P=0.659）. CONCLUSION Simultaneous determination of the expression and ICES of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and hMLH1 in the gastric mucosa may be helpful in detecting early gastric cancer.

Renal Expression and Clinical Significance of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Lupus Nephritis

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression in nephridial tissues of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods: Sixty-three patients with active LN and 15 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (combined without LN) were included. Renal biopsies were performed in the two groups. The biopsies were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and renal disease activity was estimated using the British Isles lupus assessment group (BILAG) index. Serum levels of HMGB1 were analyzed by western blot. HMGB1 expression in renal tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry in the two groups. The correlation between HMGB1 and renal active index (AI), chronicity index (CI), pathological type of LN was analyzed. Results: LN biopsies showed WHO class III, IV or V and all patients had high renal disease activity (BILAG A/B). The HMGB1 expression was higher in the LN groups than the control groups (t = 9.263, P < 0.05). It showed positive correlation between HMGB1 expression and SLE DAI classification (r = 0.579, P P < 0.05) and renal tubule interstitial (TIL) classification (r = 0.815, P < 0.05), and negative correlation between HMGB1 expression and CI classification (r = 0.582, P < 0.05). In all patients, serum levels of HMGB1 increased only slightly in the patients only with SLE;however, in patients with LN WHO class IV a significant decrease was observed (P = 0.02). Immunostaining revealed a pronounced extranuclear HMGB1 expression predominantly outlining the glomerular endothelium and in the mesangium. There were significant differences in HMGB1 expression between LN and control biopsies and it existed with apparent association to histopathological classification and clinical outcome. Conclusions: Renal tissue expression and serum levels of HMGB1 were elevated in LN. The unusual elevation of HMGB1 in serum and tissue in LN may reflect persistent inflammatory activity, which clearly indicates a role for HMGB1 in pathogenesis of LN.

Comparison of leaf morphological,anatomical,and photosynthetic responses to drought stress among eight apple rootstocks

The drought resistance of eight commonly used apple rootstocks under natural drought conditions was examined to provide clues for the selection,promotion,and utilization of drought-resistant apple rootstocks.The ultrastructural differences and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the leaves of eight apple rootstocks under drought stress were observed.The index changes were used to rank drought resistance by the membership function method comprehensively.The results showed that the leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,net photosynthetic rate,and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in‘Fupingqiuzi'than those of other rootstocks at various stress conditions.The leaf water content and water use efficiency of'Qingzhen 1'were significantly higher than those of other rootstocks under different stress conditions.The root vigor of‘B.9'was significantly higher than that of other rootstocks.The results of membership function analysis showed that the drought resistance of different rootstocks was in the order:‘Fupingqiuzi'>‘Qingzhen 1'>‘B.9'>‘MM.111'>‘GM256'>‘MM.106'>‘M.26'>‘M.9-Nic29'.‘Fupingqiuzi'had the strongest drought resistance,and‘Qingzhen 1'and‘B.9'were also relatively droughtresistant.These rootstocks can be used as raw materials for drought-resistant apple rootstock breeding and are propagated and utilized in arid areas.