Tensile Behavior of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) Containing Reactive Recycled Powder from Various C&D Waste

This work investigates the feasibility of utilizing reactive recycled powder(RP)from construction and demolition(C&D)waste as supplementary cementitious material(SCM)to achieve a ductile strain hardening cementitious composites(SHCC).The recycled mortar powder(RMP)from mortar waste,recycled concrete powder(RCP)from concrete waste and recycled brick powder(RBP)from clay brick waste were first prepared,and the micro-properties and tensile behavior of SHCC containing various types and replacement ratios of RPs were determined.The incorporated RP promotes pozzolanic and filler effects,while the hydration products in cementitious materials decrease with RP incorporation;therefore,the incorporated RP decreases the compressive strength of SHCC.Attributed to the reduction in the matrix strength,the incorporated RP increases the crack-bridging extent and ductility of SHCC;the irregular micro-structure and high reactivity of RP also help the strain-hardening performance of the prepared SHCC.In addition,the strainhardening performance of SHCC containing RMP and RBP is surperior to that of SHCC with RCP and is slightly lower than that of SHCC with fly ash(FA);for instance,the ultimate strain of SHCC containing 54%FA,RMP,RCP and RBP is 3.67%,3.61%,2.52%and 3.53%,respectively.In addition,the strain-hardening behavior of an SHCC doubled mix with FA and RMP or RBP has a similar ultimate strain and a higher ultimate stress than SHCC containing only FA.

The Invulnerability of Directed Interdependent Networks with Multiple Dependency Relations

The paper aims to study the invulnerability of directed interdependent networks with multiple dependency relations: dependent and supportive. We establish three models and simulate in three network systems to deal with this question. To improve network invulnerability, we’d better avoid dependent relations transmission and add supportive relations symmetrically.

The small GTPase RABA2a recruits SNARE proteins to regulate the secretory pathway in parallel with the exocyst complex in Arabidopsis

Delivery of proteins to the plasma membrane occurs via secretion,which requires tethering,docking,priming,and fusion of vesicles.In yeast and mammalian cells,an evolutionarily conserved RAB GTPase activation cascade functions together with the exocyst and SNARE proteins to coordinate vesicle transport with fusion at the plasma membrane.However,it is unclear whether this is the case in plants.In this study,we show that the small GTPase RABA2a recruits and interacts with the VAMP721/722-SYP121-SNAP33 SNARE ternary complex for membrane fusion.Through immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis followed by the validatation with a series of biochemical assays,we identified the SNARE proteins VAMP721 and SYP121 as the interactors and downstream effectors of RABA2a.Further expreiments showed that RABA2a interacts with all members of the SNARE complex in its GTP-bound form and modulates the assembly of the VAMP721/722-SYP121-SNAP33 SNARE ternary complex.Intriguingly,we did not observe the interaction of the exocyst subunits with either RABA2a or theSNARE proteins in several different experiments.Neither RABA2a inactivation affects the subcellular localization or assembly of the exocystnor the exocyst subunit mutant exo84b shows the disrupted RABA2a-SNARE association or SNARE assembly,suggesting that the RABA2a-SNARE-and exocyst-mediated secretory pathways are largely independent.Consistently,our live imaging experiments reveal that the two sets of proteins follow non-overlapping trafficking routes,and genetic and cell biologyanalyses indicate that the two pathways select different cargos.Finally,we demonstrate that the plant-specific RABA2a-SNARE pathway is essential for the maintenance of potassium homeostasis in Arabisopsis seedlings.Collectively,our findings imply that higher plants might have generated different endomembrane sorting pathways during evolution and may enable the highly conserved endomembrane proteins to participate in plant-specific trafficking mechanisms for adaptation to the changing environment.

Multi-scale analysis of schizophrenia risk genes, brain structure, and clinical symptoms reveals integrative dues for subtyping schizophrenia patients

Analysis Unking directly genomics, neuroimaging phenotypes and clinical measurements is crucial for understanding psychiatric disorders, but remains rare.Here, we describe a multi-scale analysis using genome-wide SNPs, gene expression, grey matter volume (GMV), and the positive and negative syndrome scale scores (PANSS) to explore the etiology of schizophrenia. With 72 drug-naive schizophrenic first episode patients (FEPs) and 73 matched heathy controls, we identified 108 genes, from schizophrenia risk genes, that correlated significantly with GMV, which are highly co-expressed in the brain during development. Among these 108 candidates, 19 distinct genes were found associated with 16 brain regions referred to as hot clusters (HCs), primarily in the frontal cortex, sensory-motor regions and temporal and parietal regions.The patients were subtyped into three groups with distinguishable PANSS scores by the GMV of the identified HCs. Furthermore, we found that HCs with common GMV among patient groups are related to genes that mostly mapped to pathways relevant to neural signaling, which are associated with the risk for schizophrenia.Our results provide an integrated view of how genetic variants may affect brain structures that lead to distinct disease phenotypes.The method of multi-scale analysis that was described in this research, may help to advance the understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia.