Aeroallergen sensitization,mainly mediated by lung epithelium and dendritic cells(DCs),is integral to allergic asthma pathogenesis and progression.IL-10 has a dual role in immune responses,as it inhibits myeloid cell ...Aeroallergen sensitization,mainly mediated by lung epithelium and dendritic cells(DCs),is integral to allergic asthma pathogenesis and progression.IL-10 has a dual role in immune responses,as it inhibits myeloid cell activation but promotes B-cell responses and epithelial cell proliferation.Here,we report a proinflammatory function of B-cell-derived IL-10 modulated by Bcl-3 in allergic asthma.Specifically,Bcl-3^(−/−)mice showed elevated IL-10 levels and were found to be highly vulnerable to allergic asthma induced by house dust mites(HDMs).IL-10 had a positive correlation with the levels of the DC chemoattractant CCL-20 in HDM-sensitized mice and in patients with asthma and induced a selective increase in CCL-20 production by mouse lung epithelial cells.Blockade of IL-10 or IL-10 receptors during sensitization dampened both HDM-induced sensitization and asthma development.IL-10 levels peaked 4 h post sensitization with HDM and IL-10 was primarily produced by B cells under Bcl-3–Blimp-1–Bcl-6 regulation.Mice lacking B-cell-derived IL-10 displayed decreased lung epithelial CCL-20 production and diminished DC recruitment to the lungs upon HDM sensitization,thereby demonstrating resistance to HDM-induced asthma.Moreover,responses to HDM stimulation in Bcl-3^(−/−)mice lacking B-cell-derived IL-10 were comparable to those in Bcl-3^(+/+)mice.The results revealed an unexpected role of B-cell-derived IL-10 in promoting allergic sensitization and demonstrated that Bcl-3 prevents HDM-induced asthma by inhibiting B-cell-derived IL-10 production.Thus,targeting the Bcl-3/IL-10 axis to inhibit allergic sensitization is a promising approach for treating allergic asthma.展开更多
Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change...Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status.However,the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively analysed.Here,we analysed T and natural killer(NK)cell subsets,the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals,aged 20–88 years,without known diseases.Thirty-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year intervals.The data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network analysis.Our initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that na.ve T cells decreased with ageing,whereas central memory T cells(Tcm)and effector memory T cells(Tem)increased cluster of differentiation(CD)28-associated T cells.This is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population,and provides insightful differences,suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and sex.The age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological age.Our immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into‘immune-age’rather than‘biological-age’.Through machine learning,we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing prediction.Our research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population,but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice.展开更多
Interleukin(IL)-17A,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,is a fundamental function in the onset and advancement of multiple immune diseases.To uncover the primary compounds with IL-17A inhibitory activity,a large-scale screeni...Interleukin(IL)-17A,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,is a fundamental function in the onset and advancement of multiple immune diseases.To uncover the primary compounds with IL-17A inhibitory activity,a large-scale screening of the library of traditional Chinese medicine constituents and microbial secondary metabolites was conducted using splenic cells from IL-17A-GFP reporter mice cultured under Th17-priming conditions.Our results indicated that some aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides isolated from a wetland mud-derived fungus,Myrothecium gramineum,showed remarkable IL-17A inhibitory activity.Nine new aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides,myrogramins A-I(1,4-11),and two known ones(2 and 3)were isolated and identified from the strain.Compounds 1,3,4,10,and 11 exhibited significant IL-17A inhibitory activity.Among them,compound 3,with a high fermentation yield dosedependently inhibited the generation of IL-17A and suppressed glycolysis in splenic cells under Th17-priming conditions.Strikingly,compound 3 suppressed immunopathology in both IL-17A-mediated animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary hypertension.Our results revealed that aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides are a novel class of immunomodulators with IL-17A inhibitory activity,and hold great promise applications in treating IL-17A-mediated immune diseases.展开更多
The intricacy of diseases,shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation,highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment.In recent years...The intricacy of diseases,shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation,highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment.In recent years,our primary focus has centered onγδT cell-based immunotherapy,particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+γδT cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients.However,we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harnessγδT cell effector functions in immunotherapy.This review aims to thoroughly examineγδT cell immunology and its role in diseases.Initially,we elucidate functional differences betweenγδT cells and theirαβT cell counterparts.We also provide an overview of major milestones inγδT cell research since their discovery in 1984.Furthermore,we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin,development,fate decisions,and T cell receptor(TCR)rearrangement within the thymus.By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinctγδT cell subtypes based onγδTCR structure or cytokine release,we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understandingγδT cell function.We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions ofγδT cell subsets,particularly in infectious diseases,autoimmune conditions,hematological malignancies,and solid tumors.Finally,we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneicγδT cells in tumor immunotherapy.Through this comprehensive review,we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers ofγδT cells,ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential ofγδT cells.展开更多
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy.Due to their HLA-independent mode of action,allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application.To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ...Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy.Due to their HLA-independent mode of action,allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application.To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy,the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized,and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven.Therefore,we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheralγδT cells from healthy donors.Then,we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expandedγδT cells in vivo;furthermore,the expandedγδT cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients.We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions,including proliferation,differentiation,and cancer cell killing,both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model.Furthermore,a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.Among these 132 patients,8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival,which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy.Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy,which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.展开更多
γδT cells are of interest as effector cells for cellular immunotherapy due to their HLA-non-restricted lysis of many different tumor cell types.Potential applications include the adoptive transfer of in vitro-expan...γδT cells are of interest as effector cells for cellular immunotherapy due to their HLA-non-restricted lysis of many different tumor cell types.Potential applications include the adoptive transfer of in vitro-expandedγδT cells.Therefore,it is important to optimize the culture conditions to enable maximal proliferative and functional activity.Vitamin C(L-ascorbic acid)is an essential vitamin with multiple effects on immune cells.It is a cofactor for several enzymes,has antioxidant activity,and is an epigenetic modifier.Here,we investigated the effects of vitamin C(VC)and its more stable derivative,L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(pVC),on the proliferation and effector function of humanγδT cells stimulated with zoledronate(ZOL)or synthetic phosphoantigens(pAgs).VC and pVC did not increaseγδT-cell expansion within ZOL-or pAg-stimulated PBMCs,but increased the proliferation of purifiedγδT cells and 14-day-expandedγδT-cell lines in response toγδT-cell-specific pAgs.VC reduced the apoptosis ofγδT cells during primary stimulation.While pVC did not prevent activation-induced death of pAg-restimulatedγδT cells,it enhanced the cell cycle progression and cellular expansion.Furthermore,VC and pVC enhanced cytokine production during primary activation,as well as upon pAg restimulation of 14-day-expandedγδT cells.VC and pVC also increased the oxidative respiration and glycolysis ofγδT cells,but stimulus-dependent differences were observed.The modulatory activity of VC and pVC might help to increase the efficacy ofγδT-cell expansion for adoptive immunotherapy.展开更多
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have an increased risk of cancer.The effect of glucose metabolism onγδT cells and their impact on tumor surveillance remain unknown.Here,we showed that high glucose induce...Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have an increased risk of cancer.The effect of glucose metabolism onγδT cells and their impact on tumor surveillance remain unknown.Here,we showed that high glucose induced Warburg effect type of bioenergetic profle in Vy9vδ2 T cells,leading to excessive lactate accumulation,which further inhibited lytic granule secretion by impairing the traffcking of cytolytic machinery to the Vy9vδ2 T-cell-tumor synapse by suppressing AMPK activation and resulted in the loss of antitumor activity in vitro,in vivo and in patients.Strikingly,activating the AMPK pathway through glucose control or metformin treatment reversed the metabolic abnormalities and restored the antitumor activity of Vy9vδ2 T cells.These results suggest that the impaired antitumor activity of Vy9vδ2 T cells induced by dysregulated glucose metabolism may contribute to the increased cancer risk in T2DM patients and that metabolic reprogramming by targeting the AMPK pathway with metformin may improve tumor immunosurveillance.展开更多
Immunotherapy has limited efficacy against locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)due to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment(ISM).Irreversible electroporation(IRE)can not only induce immunogenic cel...Immunotherapy has limited efficacy against locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)due to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment(ISM).Irreversible electroporation(IRE)can not only induce immunogenic cell death,but also alleviate immunosuppression.This study aimed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of IRE plus allogeneicγδT cells in LAPC patients.A total of 62 patients who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in this trial,then randomized into two groups(A:n=30 and B:n=32).All patients received IRE therapy and after receiving IRE,the group A patients received at least two cycles ofγδT-cell infusion as one course continuously.Group A patients had better survival than group B patients(median OS:14.5 months vs.11 months;median PFS:11 months vs.8.5 months).Moreover,the group A patients treated with multiple courses ofγδT-cell infusion had longer OS(17 months)than those who received a single course(13.5 months).IRE combined with allogeneicγδT-cell infusion is a promising strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy in LAPC patients,yielding extended survival benefits.展开更多
In a recent paper published in Nature medicine,Wang,J.,et al.identified Siglec-15 as a new candidate responsible for adaptive immune resistance and a potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy.1 Cancer ce...In a recent paper published in Nature medicine,Wang,J.,et al.identified Siglec-15 as a new candidate responsible for adaptive immune resistance and a potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy.1 Cancer cells can develop various mechanisms to evade tumor-specific and non-specific attacks in the TME of solid tumors.2 Thus,systemic activation of immune systems or even increasing tumor-specific T cells in the peripheral does not necessarily lead to tumor regression.In fact,almost all the known strategies adopted by cancer for immune escape are also used for maintaining systemic homeostasis.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI) is a devastating traumatic injury that causes persistent, severe motor and sensory dysfunction. Immune responses are involved in functional recovery after SCI. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue...Spinal cord injury(SCI) is a devastating traumatic injury that causes persistent, severe motor and sensory dysfunction. Immune responses are involved in functional recovery after SCI. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1(MALT1) has been shown to regulate the survival and differentiation of immune cells and to play a critical role in many diseases, but its function in lesion recovery after SCI remains unclear. In this paper, we generated KI(knock in) mice with a point mutation(C472 G) in the active center of MALT1 and found that the KI mice exhibited improved functional recovery after SCI.Fewer macrophages were recruited to the injury site in KI mice and these macrophages differentiated into anti-inflammatory macrophages. Moreover, macrophages from KI mice exhibited reduced phosphorylation of p65, which in turn resulted in decreased SOCS3 expression and increased pSTAT6 levels.Similar results were obtained upon inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase with the small molecule inhibitor‘‘MI-2' or the more specific inhibitor ‘‘MLT-827'. In patients with SCI, peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) displayed increased MALT1 paracaspase. Human macrophages showed reduced proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory characteristics following the inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase. These findings suggest that inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase activity in the clinic may improve lesion recovery in subjects with SCI.展开更多
CFTR,a chloride channel and ion channel regulator studied mostly in epithelial cells,has been reported to participate in immune regulation and likely affect the risk of cancer development.However,little is known about...CFTR,a chloride channel and ion channel regulator studied mostly in epithelial cells,has been reported to participate in immune regulation and likely affect the risk of cancer development.However,little is known about the effects of CFTR on the differentiation and function ofγδT cells.In this study,we observed that CFTR was functionally expressed on the cell surface ofγδT cells.Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CFTR both increased IFN-γrelease by peripheralγδT cells and potentiated the cytolytic activity of these cells against tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.Interestingly,the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation ofγδT cell IFN-γproduction by CFTR were either TCR dependent or related to Ca^(2+)influx.CFTR was recruited to TCR immunological synapses and attenuated Lck-P38 MAPK-c-Jun signaling.In addition,CFTR was found to modulate TCR-induced Ca^(2+)influx and membrane potential(Vm)-induced Ca^(2+)influx and subsequently regulate the calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway inγδT cells.Thus,CFTR serves as a negative regulator of IFN-γproduction inγδT cells and the function of these cells in antitumor immunity.Our investigation suggests that modification of the CFTR activity ofγδT cells may be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer.展开更多
ABO blood group system was firstly recognized by Landsteiner in 1900[1].Since then,the antigens of the ABO system (A,B and H determinants,respectively)have been shown to encompass complex carbohydrate structures [2].A...ABO blood group system was firstly recognized by Landsteiner in 1900[1].Since then,the antigens of the ABO system (A,B and H determinants,respectively)have been shown to encompass complex carbohydrate structures [2].A and B antigen were synthesized by the sequential action of glycosyltransferases,with A and B glycosyltransferases catalyzing the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galactose to precursor H antigen,respectively. Group O individuals lack such transferase enzymes and consequently continue to express the basic H structure only [3,4].It is determined that approximate 2million ABH glycan antigen sites are presented on each red blood cell [5].Additionally,the ABH antigens are widely expressed in other human ceils and tissues,including the sensory neurons,epithelium,the vascular endothelium and platelets [6].展开更多
T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiatio...T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiation of cd T cells occurs both inside and outside the thymus.Antigen recognition of cd T-cell receptors is very unique,and the responses frequently exhibit innate characteristics.Nevertheless,peripheral cd T cells exert a number of effector and regulatory functions.cd T cells rapidly produce cytokines like interferon(IFN)-c and IL-17 and promote inflammation,partly due to the inherent epigenetic and transcriptional programs,which facilitates a quick and extensive response.Moreover,cd T cells lyse target cells directly,and this is necessary for pathogen or tumor clearance.cd T cells can even serve as regulatory cells,and may contribute to immune suppression.Orchestration of cd T-cell and other immune cell interactions may be critical for host defense and immune regulation.Recently,cd T cells have been used for immunotherapy for infectious diseases and malignancy.In this review,we summarize the abstracts presented at the recent cd T cell Conference held from 19 to 21 May 2010,in Kiel,Germany(please see the website for details:http://www.gammadeltaconference.uni-kiel.de/index.html).展开更多
Interleukin 27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28,is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft...Interleukin 27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28,is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft-versus-host disease is not yet fully understood.In this study,utilizing mice with IL-27 p28 deficiency in dendritic cells(DCs),we demonstrated that IL-27 p28 deficiency resulted in impaired Treg cell function and enhanced effector T cell responses,corresponding to aggravated aGVHD in mice.In addition,using single-cell RNA sequencing,we found that loss of IL-27 p28 impaired Treg cell generation and promoted IL1R2^(+)TIGIT^(+)pathogenic CD4+T cells in the thymus at a steady state.Mechanistically,IL-27 p28 deficiency promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and Th1 cell responses,leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation and function.Finally,patients with high levels of IL-27 p28 in serum showed a substantially decreased occurrence of grade II-IV aGVHD and more favorable overall survival than those with low levels of IL-27 p28.Thus,our results suggest a protective role of DC-derived IL-27 p28 in the pathogenesis of aGVHD through modulation of the Treg/Teff cell balance during thymic development.IL-27 p28 may be a valuable marker for predicting aGVHD development after transplantation in humans.展开更多
Metabolic change is associated with cell activities,such as signal transduction,cell differentiation,and cell cycle.In the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,abnormal activation of T cells is often accompanied by cha...Metabolic change is associated with cell activities,such as signal transduction,cell differentiation,and cell cycle.In the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,abnormal activation of T cells is often accompanied by changes in their metabolism.Conversely,the changes of metabolites can also regulate the proliferation,differentiation,and function of T cells.As a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses,γδT cells have unique biological characteristics and functions.However,the immunometabolic mechanism ofγδT cells has been a novel field for research in recent years.In this review,we summarize the influence of metabolic pathways and nutrients onγδT cell function,and metabolic features ofγδT cell subsets,which may provide new insights in interventions targetingγδT cells in disease control.展开更多
基金We thank Dr.Mingfang Lu,Dr.Wei Jiang,Dr.Guohong Hu,Dr.Jin Li,and Dr.Xubo Huang for providing advice as well as some reagents used in this study.We appreciate Dr.Michael Reth and Dr.Axel Roers for gifting Il10fl/fl and Mb1-Cre mice.This investigation was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 81901633 to GQ and 91949102 to XZ)the National Program on Key Research(2021YFA0804703 to XZ)the Discipline Construction Projects of Guangzhou Medical University(02-445-2301246XM to XZ).
文摘Aeroallergen sensitization,mainly mediated by lung epithelium and dendritic cells(DCs),is integral to allergic asthma pathogenesis and progression.IL-10 has a dual role in immune responses,as it inhibits myeloid cell activation but promotes B-cell responses and epithelial cell proliferation.Here,we report a proinflammatory function of B-cell-derived IL-10 modulated by Bcl-3 in allergic asthma.Specifically,Bcl-3^(−/−)mice showed elevated IL-10 levels and were found to be highly vulnerable to allergic asthma induced by house dust mites(HDMs).IL-10 had a positive correlation with the levels of the DC chemoattractant CCL-20 in HDM-sensitized mice and in patients with asthma and induced a selective increase in CCL-20 production by mouse lung epithelial cells.Blockade of IL-10 or IL-10 receptors during sensitization dampened both HDM-induced sensitization and asthma development.IL-10 levels peaked 4 h post sensitization with HDM and IL-10 was primarily produced by B cells under Bcl-3–Blimp-1–Bcl-6 regulation.Mice lacking B-cell-derived IL-10 displayed decreased lung epithelial CCL-20 production and diminished DC recruitment to the lungs upon HDM sensitization,thereby demonstrating resistance to HDM-induced asthma.Moreover,responses to HDM stimulation in Bcl-3^(−/−)mice lacking B-cell-derived IL-10 were comparable to those in Bcl-3^(+/+)mice.The results revealed an unexpected role of B-cell-derived IL-10 in promoting allergic sensitization and demonstrated that Bcl-3 prevents HDM-induced asthma by inhibiting B-cell-derived IL-10 production.Thus,targeting the Bcl-3/IL-10 axis to inhibit allergic sensitization is a promising approach for treating allergic asthma.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0803502 to Z.Y.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030036 and 31830021 to Z.Y.)+6 种基金the 111 Project(B16021 to Z.Y.)Natural Science Foundation of China(81971301 and 32050410285 to O.J.L.)Guangzhou Planned Project of Science and Technology(202002020039 to O.J.L.)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110734 to Z.R.)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology,The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China(2013A061401007,2017B030314018,2020B1212060026)Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology(Organ Transplantation)The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China(2015B050501002,2020A0505020003).
文摘Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function,resulting in immune ageing.Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence.The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status.However,the changes in lymphocyte number and phenotype brought about by ageing have not been comprehensively analysed.Here,we analysed T and natural killer(NK)cell subsets,the phenotype and cell differentiation states in 43,096 healthy individuals,aged 20–88 years,without known diseases.Thirty-six immune parameters were analysed and the reference ranges of these subsets were established in different age groups divided into 5-year intervals.The data were subjected to random forest machine learning for immune-ageing modelling and confirmed using the neural network analysis.Our initial analysis and machine modelling prediction showed that na.ve T cells decreased with ageing,whereas central memory T cells(Tcm)and effector memory T cells(Tem)increased cluster of differentiation(CD)28-associated T cells.This is the largest study to investigate the correlation between age and immune cell function in a Chinese population,and provides insightful differences,suggesting that healthy adults might be considerably influenced by age and sex.The age of a person's immune system might be different from their chronological age.Our immune-ageing modelling study is one of the largest studies to provide insights into‘immune-age’rather than‘biological-age’.Through machine learning,we identified immune factors influencing the most through ageing and built a model for immune-ageing prediction.Our research not only reveals the impact of age on immune parameter differences within the Chinese population,but also provides new insights for monitoring and preventing some diseases in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0903200,2018YFA0903201,and 2020YFA0803502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81925037,U22A20371,31830021,32030036,and 82270055)+5 种基金the 111 Project(B16021,China)National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program(2017RA2259,China)Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(2021A0505020015,China)Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Higher Education Institution(2021KCXTD001,China)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01Y036,China)Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(2021B1515020065,China)。
文摘Interleukin(IL)-17A,a pro-inflammatory cytokine,is a fundamental function in the onset and advancement of multiple immune diseases.To uncover the primary compounds with IL-17A inhibitory activity,a large-scale screening of the library of traditional Chinese medicine constituents and microbial secondary metabolites was conducted using splenic cells from IL-17A-GFP reporter mice cultured under Th17-priming conditions.Our results indicated that some aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides isolated from a wetland mud-derived fungus,Myrothecium gramineum,showed remarkable IL-17A inhibitory activity.Nine new aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides,myrogramins A-I(1,4-11),and two known ones(2 and 3)were isolated and identified from the strain.Compounds 1,3,4,10,and 11 exhibited significant IL-17A inhibitory activity.Among them,compound 3,with a high fermentation yield dosedependently inhibited the generation of IL-17A and suppressed glycolysis in splenic cells under Th17-priming conditions.Strikingly,compound 3 suppressed immunopathology in both IL-17A-mediated animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary hypertension.Our results revealed that aureane-type sesquiterpene tetraketides are a novel class of immunomodulators with IL-17A inhibitory activity,and hold great promise applications in treating IL-17A-mediated immune diseases.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82002787,Y.H.,32270950,Y.Z.W.)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030036,Z.N.Y.)+2 种基金the Startup Foundation of the Zhuhai People’s Hospital(YNXM20210305,Y.Z.W.)Y.S.L.is supported by the Major International(Regional)Joint Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81920108027)D.K.is supported by Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft(Ka 502/19-3).
文摘The intricacy of diseases,shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation,highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment.In recent years,our primary focus has centered onγδT cell-based immunotherapy,particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+γδT cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients.However,we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harnessγδT cell effector functions in immunotherapy.This review aims to thoroughly examineγδT cell immunology and its role in diseases.Initially,we elucidate functional differences betweenγδT cells and theirαβT cell counterparts.We also provide an overview of major milestones inγδT cell research since their discovery in 1984.Furthermore,we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin,development,fate decisions,and T cell receptor(TCR)rearrangement within the thymus.By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinctγδT cell subtypes based onγδTCR structure or cytokine release,we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understandingγδT cell function.We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions ofγδT cell subsets,particularly in infectious diseases,autoimmune conditions,hematological malignancies,and solid tumors.Finally,we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneicγδT cells in tumor immunotherapy.Through this comprehensive review,we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers ofγδT cells,ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential ofγδT cells.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30890143), the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China (2010DFB34000) and the National Basic Research Grant of China (2010CB529104) to ZY.
基金This work was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830021)Major International Joint Research Program of China(31420103901)+12 种基金“111 project”(B16021)Scientific and Technological Plan of Guangdong Province(201704KW010)(Z.Y.)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2020A1515010132)(Y.W.)General Research Fund,Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17122519,17121214,17115015,and 17126317)(W.T.)Hong Kong SAR,ChinaThis work was also partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31570898)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2016A030313112)(Z.X.)grant Ka 502/19-1 from the German Research Council(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)the Cluster of Excellence ExC 306“Inflammation-at-Interfaces”(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)(D.K.)Y.H.was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M622898)Y.X.was supported by the Postdoctoral Fund of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University(809008)L.K.was supported by a long-term fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)C.P.is the recipient of a grant from the Erich und Gertrud Roggenbruck Foundation.
文摘Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy.Due to their HLA-independent mode of action,allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application.To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy,the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized,and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven.Therefore,we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheralγδT cells from healthy donors.Then,we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expandedγδT cells in vivo;furthermore,the expandedγδT cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients.We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions,including proliferation,differentiation,and cancer cell killing,both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model.Furthermore,a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.Among these 132 patients,8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival,which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy.Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy,which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.
基金This work was supported by grant Ka 502/19-1 fromthe German Research Council(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)to D.K.the Cluster of Excellence ExC 306"Inflammation-at-Interfaces"(Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft)to D.K+6 种基金L.K.was supported by a long-term fellowship from the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)C.P.is the recipient of a grant fromthe Erich und Gertrud Roggenbruck FoundationThis work was also supported by the Major International Joint Research Program of China(Grant 31420103901)the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant31830021)the"111"project(816021)the Incubating Program from the Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province of China(Grant2014A030308003)Guangzhou Science and Technology Key Project(201604020006)to Z.Y.
文摘γδT cells are of interest as effector cells for cellular immunotherapy due to their HLA-non-restricted lysis of many different tumor cell types.Potential applications include the adoptive transfer of in vitro-expandedγδT cells.Therefore,it is important to optimize the culture conditions to enable maximal proliferative and functional activity.Vitamin C(L-ascorbic acid)is an essential vitamin with multiple effects on immune cells.It is a cofactor for several enzymes,has antioxidant activity,and is an epigenetic modifier.Here,we investigated the effects of vitamin C(VC)and its more stable derivative,L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate(pVC),on the proliferation and effector function of humanγδT cells stimulated with zoledronate(ZOL)or synthetic phosphoantigens(pAgs).VC and pVC did not increaseγδT-cell expansion within ZOL-or pAg-stimulated PBMCs,but increased the proliferation of purifiedγδT cells and 14-day-expandedγδT-cell lines in response toγδT-cell-specific pAgs.VC reduced the apoptosis ofγδT cells during primary stimulation.While pVC did not prevent activation-induced death of pAg-restimulatedγδT cells,it enhanced the cell cycle progression and cellular expansion.Furthermore,VC and pVC enhanced cytokine production during primary activation,as well as upon pAg restimulation of 14-day-expandedγδT cells.VC and pVC also increased the oxidative respiration and glycolysis ofγδT cells,but stimulus-dependent differences were observed.The modulatory activity of VC and pVC might help to increase the efficacy ofγδT-cell expansion for adoptive immunotherapy.
基金Seed Funding for Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Scheme,University of Hong Kong,and the General Research Fund,Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(17122222,17122519,17126317),Hong Kong SAR,ChinaThis work was also partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000616),China.
文摘Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have an increased risk of cancer.The effect of glucose metabolism onγδT cells and their impact on tumor surveillance remain unknown.Here,we showed that high glucose induced Warburg effect type of bioenergetic profle in Vy9vδ2 T cells,leading to excessive lactate accumulation,which further inhibited lytic granule secretion by impairing the traffcking of cytolytic machinery to the Vy9vδ2 T-cell-tumor synapse by suppressing AMPK activation and resulted in the loss of antitumor activity in vitro,in vivo and in patients.Strikingly,activating the AMPK pathway through glucose control or metformin treatment reversed the metabolic abnormalities and restored the antitumor activity of Vy9vδ2 T cells.These results suggest that the impaired antitumor activity of Vy9vδ2 T cells induced by dysregulated glucose metabolism may contribute to the increased cancer risk in T2DM patients and that metabolic reprogramming by targeting the AMPK pathway with metformin may improve tumor immunosurveillance.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81971895)the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Foundation of China(no.U1601225)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Project of China(no.2017B030314034).
文摘Immunotherapy has limited efficacy against locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)due to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment(ISM).Irreversible electroporation(IRE)can not only induce immunogenic cell death,but also alleviate immunosuppression.This study aimed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of IRE plus allogeneicγδT cells in LAPC patients.A total of 62 patients who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled in this trial,then randomized into two groups(A:n=30 and B:n=32).All patients received IRE therapy and after receiving IRE,the group A patients received at least two cycles ofγδT-cell infusion as one course continuously.Group A patients had better survival than group B patients(median OS:14.5 months vs.11 months;median PFS:11 months vs.8.5 months).Moreover,the group A patients treated with multiple courses ofγδT-cell infusion had longer OS(17 months)than those who received a single course(13.5 months).IRE combined with allogeneicγδT-cell infusion is a promising strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy in LAPC patients,yielding extended survival benefits.
文摘In a recent paper published in Nature medicine,Wang,J.,et al.identified Siglec-15 as a new candidate responsible for adaptive immune resistance and a potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy.1 Cancer cells can develop various mechanisms to evade tumor-specific and non-specific attacks in the TME of solid tumors.2 Thus,systemic activation of immune systems or even increasing tumor-specific T cells in the peripheral does not necessarily lead to tumor regression.In fact,almost all the known strategies adopted by cancer for immune escape are also used for maintaining systemic homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470872 to YG and 31400770 to ZY)the ‘‘111” project (B16021 to YG and ZY)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201604020162 to YG)Science & Technology Planning and Key Technology Innovation Projects of Guangdong (201803010001 to ZL)the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (2018A030313576 to GS)Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong (20181071 to JH)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800721 to QW)Medical and Health Development Plan of Shandong Province (2017WS446 to LZ)
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI) is a devastating traumatic injury that causes persistent, severe motor and sensory dysfunction. Immune responses are involved in functional recovery after SCI. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1(MALT1) has been shown to regulate the survival and differentiation of immune cells and to play a critical role in many diseases, but its function in lesion recovery after SCI remains unclear. In this paper, we generated KI(knock in) mice with a point mutation(C472 G) in the active center of MALT1 and found that the KI mice exhibited improved functional recovery after SCI.Fewer macrophages were recruited to the injury site in KI mice and these macrophages differentiated into anti-inflammatory macrophages. Moreover, macrophages from KI mice exhibited reduced phosphorylation of p65, which in turn resulted in decreased SOCS3 expression and increased pSTAT6 levels.Similar results were obtained upon inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase with the small molecule inhibitor‘‘MI-2' or the more specific inhibitor ‘‘MLT-827'. In patients with SCI, peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) displayed increased MALT1 paracaspase. Human macrophages showed reduced proinflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory characteristics following the inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase. These findings suggest that inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase activity in the clinic may improve lesion recovery in subjects with SCI.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31420103901 to Z.Y.,31830021 to Z.Y.,31970830 to J.H.,81702876 to X.L.,31500734 to Y.D.,and 31700753 to G.C.)grants from the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(201904010090 to J.H.and 201906010085 to X.L.)a grant from the Health Commission of Guangdong Province(A2019520 to J.H.).
文摘CFTR,a chloride channel and ion channel regulator studied mostly in epithelial cells,has been reported to participate in immune regulation and likely affect the risk of cancer development.However,little is known about the effects of CFTR on the differentiation and function ofγδT cells.In this study,we observed that CFTR was functionally expressed on the cell surface ofγδT cells.Genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of CFTR both increased IFN-γrelease by peripheralγδT cells and potentiated the cytolytic activity of these cells against tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.Interestingly,the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation ofγδT cell IFN-γproduction by CFTR were either TCR dependent or related to Ca^(2+)influx.CFTR was recruited to TCR immunological synapses and attenuated Lck-P38 MAPK-c-Jun signaling.In addition,CFTR was found to modulate TCR-induced Ca^(2+)influx and membrane potential(Vm)-induced Ca^(2+)influx and subsequently regulate the calcineurin-NFATc1 signaling pathway inγδT cells.Thus,CFTR serves as a negative regulator of IFN-γproduction inγδT cells and the function of these cells in antitumor immunity.Our investigation suggests that modification of the CFTR activity ofγδT cells may be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer.
基金financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Projects Fund and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770997)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (2016A020216021)+1 种基金the Major International Joint Research Program of China (31420103901)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (B16021)
文摘ABO blood group system was firstly recognized by Landsteiner in 1900[1].Since then,the antigens of the ABO system (A,B and H determinants,respectively)have been shown to encompass complex carbohydrate structures [2].A and B antigen were synthesized by the sequential action of glycosyltransferases,with A and B glycosyltransferases catalyzing the addition of N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galactose to precursor H antigen,respectively. Group O individuals lack such transferase enzymes and consequently continue to express the basic H structure only [3,4].It is determined that approximate 2million ABH glycan antigen sites are presented on each red blood cell [5].Additionally,the ABH antigens are widely expressed in other human ceils and tissues,including the sensory neurons,epithelium,the vascular endothelium and platelets [6].
基金by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB914801)the National Outstanding Young Scientist Award of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30725015).
文摘T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiation of cd T cells occurs both inside and outside the thymus.Antigen recognition of cd T-cell receptors is very unique,and the responses frequently exhibit innate characteristics.Nevertheless,peripheral cd T cells exert a number of effector and regulatory functions.cd T cells rapidly produce cytokines like interferon(IFN)-c and IL-17 and promote inflammation,partly due to the inherent epigenetic and transcriptional programs,which facilitates a quick and extensive response.Moreover,cd T cells lyse target cells directly,and this is necessary for pathogen or tumor clearance.cd T cells can even serve as regulatory cells,and may contribute to immune suppression.Orchestration of cd T-cell and other immune cell interactions may be critical for host defense and immune regulation.Recently,cd T cells have been used for immunotherapy for infectious diseases and malignancy.In this review,we summarize the abstracts presented at the recent cd T cell Conference held from 19 to 21 May 2010,in Kiel,Germany(please see the website for details:http://www.gammadeltaconference.uni-kiel.de/index.html).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81730003,81700173,81974001,82170222,and 81900180)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX09304021)+9 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC0840604 and 2017YFA0104502)Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019798)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Jiangsu Medical Outstanding Talents Project(JCRCA2016002)Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Center(YXZXA2016002)the Jiangsu“333”Talent Project(BRA2015497)the Jiangsu Social Development Program(BE2018651)the Jiangsu Summit Six Top Talent Person project,Jiangsu Medical Junior Talent Person award(QNRC2016707)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220246),Suzhou Science and Technology Program Project(SLT201911)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(20KJD320001)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2022JQ-800).
文摘Interleukin 27(IL-27),a heterodimeric cytokine composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced 3 and p28,is a pleiotropic cytokine with both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the precise role of IL-27 in acute graft-versus-host disease is not yet fully understood.In this study,utilizing mice with IL-27 p28 deficiency in dendritic cells(DCs),we demonstrated that IL-27 p28 deficiency resulted in impaired Treg cell function and enhanced effector T cell responses,corresponding to aggravated aGVHD in mice.In addition,using single-cell RNA sequencing,we found that loss of IL-27 p28 impaired Treg cell generation and promoted IL1R2^(+)TIGIT^(+)pathogenic CD4+T cells in the thymus at a steady state.Mechanistically,IL-27 p28 deficiency promoted STAT1 phosphorylation and Th1 cell responses,leading to the inhibition of Treg cell differentiation and function.Finally,patients with high levels of IL-27 p28 in serum showed a substantially decreased occurrence of grade II-IV aGVHD and more favorable overall survival than those with low levels of IL-27 p28.Thus,our results suggest a protective role of DC-derived IL-27 p28 in the pathogenesis of aGVHD through modulation of the Treg/Teff cell balance during thymic development.IL-27 p28 may be a valuable marker for predicting aGVHD development after transplantation in humans.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830021 and 32030036 to ZY,31970830 to JH,32070121 to HY,31800722 to ZM)grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2020YFA0803500 to ZY),and grant from the Zhuhai Science and Technology Innovation Bureau(ZH22036302200063PWC to ZY).
文摘Metabolic change is associated with cell activities,such as signal transduction,cell differentiation,and cell cycle.In the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,abnormal activation of T cells is often accompanied by changes in their metabolism.Conversely,the changes of metabolites can also regulate the proliferation,differentiation,and function of T cells.As a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses,γδT cells have unique biological characteristics and functions.However,the immunometabolic mechanism ofγδT cells has been a novel field for research in recent years.In this review,we summarize the influence of metabolic pathways and nutrients onγδT cell function,and metabolic features ofγδT cell subsets,which may provide new insights in interventions targetingγδT cells in disease control.