Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly re...Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method,which involves tedious steps,time-consuming treatments,or additional alkaline media,and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production.Herein,we present a facile,ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method.With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature,seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides(TM-LDHs)are formed on carbon cloth.Therein,the fastest synthesis rate reaches~0.46 cm^(2)s^(-1).Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates.This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents,multiple steps,and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability,showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices.To prove its utility,as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn(micro-)battery,the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density,superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far.展开更多
Currently,the increasing demands for portable,implantable,and wearable electronics have triggered the interest in miniaturized energy storage devices.Different from conventional energy storage devices,interdigital mic...Currently,the increasing demands for portable,implantable,and wearable electronics have triggered the interest in miniaturized energy storage devices.Different from conventional energy storage devices,interdigital microbatteries(IMBs) are free of separators and prepared on a single substrate,potentially achieving a short ionic diffusion path and better performance.Meanwhile,they can be easily fabricated and integrated into on-chip miniaturized electronics,holding the promise to provide long-lasting power for advanced microelectronic devices.To date,while many seminal works have been reviewed the topic of microbatteries,there is no work that systematically summarizes the development of IMBs of high energy density and stable voltage platforms from fabrication,functionalization to integration.The current review focuses on the most recent progress in IMBs,discussing advanced micromachining techniques with compatible features to construct high-performance IMBs with smart functions and intelligent integrated systems.The future opportunities and challenges of IMBs are also highlighted,calling for more efforts in this dynamic and fast-growing research field.展开更多
The development of compressible supercapacitors (SCs) that is tolerant to wide temperature range has been severely hindered due to the poor ionic conductivity and absence of extra functions in conventional polymer ele...The development of compressible supercapacitors (SCs) that is tolerant to wide temperature range has been severely hindered due to the poor ionic conductivity and absence of extra functions in conventional polymer electrolytes.Herein,a highly conductive and compressible hydrogel polyelectrolyte has been prepared from polyacrylamide cross-linked by methacrylated graphene oxide (MGO-PAM) and the polyelectrolyte can maintain its excellent elasticity at-30 ℃ as well as its original shape at 100 ℃.As a result,the SC based on the MGO-PAM polyelectrolyte outperformed those fabricated with the conventional poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/H2SO4 electrolyte over a wide temperature window between-30 and 100 ℃.Meanwhile,the device shows an excellent cycling stability (capacitance retention of 93.3% after 8,000 cycles at-30 ℃ and 76.5 % after 4,000 cycles under 100 ℃) and a reversible compressibility (a high capacitance retention of 94.1% under 80% compression).Therefore,the MGO-PAM polyelectrolyte enables the fabrication of compressible SCs with a wide operating temperature,rendering new insights for developing next-generation robust and multifunctional energy-storage devices.展开更多
The emerging flexible electronic devices have stimulated the development of flexible batteries,in which flexible electrodes are indispensable components.Graphene,known for its excellent electrical conductivity and mec...The emerging flexible electronic devices have stimulated the development of flexible batteries,in which flexible electrodes are indispensable components.Graphene,known for its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical stability,can be used as an ideal flexible substrate.Recently,many efforts have been devoted to graphene-based electrodes for flexible batteries.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in the development of graphene-based electrodes for various flexible batteries,including metal-ion batteries(ions of Li,Na,Zn,Al,etc.),lithiumsulfur batteries,and metal-air batteries(Li-and Zn-air batteries).Besides,major challenges and future developments of flexible batteries are also discussed.展开更多
Qikou sag, located in north-center of Huanghua depression in Bohai Basin, is a Cenozoic sag with rich hydrocarbon. As a microcosm of Bohai Basin, the fault characteristics of Cenozoic structural layers in Qikou sag co...Qikou sag, located in north-center of Huanghua depression in Bohai Basin, is a Cenozoic sag with rich hydrocarbon. As a microcosm of Bohai Basin, the fault characteristics of Cenozoic structural layers in Qikou sag could indicate and record the evolution of Cenozoic stress field in Bohai Basin. Based on the latest 3-D seismic data, the study takes statistics on the fault system of Cenozoic structural layers and analyzes the fault throws of major large faults along the strikes in different periods in Qikou sag, then the fault distribution regularities and the fault direction characteristics in each structural layer are summarized. The result shows that during Cenozoic, the fault activity strength migrates from southwest to northeast and the strikes of faults changes from northwestward in Sha-3 period to nearly east-westward since Sha-1 period.展开更多
This work reports on a compositionally graded heterojunction for photovoltaic application by cooperating fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots(FCQDs in short)into the CsPbI_(2.5)Br_(0.5)inorganic perovskite layer.Using t...This work reports on a compositionally graded heterojunction for photovoltaic application by cooperating fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots(FCQDs in short)into the CsPbI_(2.5)Br_(0.5)inorganic perovskite layer.Using this CsPbI_(2.5)Br_(0.5)/FCQDs graded heterojunction in conjunction with low-temperature-processed carbon electrode,a power conversion efficiency of 13.53%for 1 cm^(2)all-inorganic perovskite solar cell can be achieved at AM 1.5G solar irradiation.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the highest efficiency reported for carbon electrode based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells so far,and the first report of 1 cm^(2)carbon counter electrode based inorganic perovskite solar cell with PCE exceeding 13%.Moreover,the inorganic perovskite/carbon quantum dot graded heterojunction photovoltaics maintained over 90%of their initial efficiency after thermal aging at 85°for 1056 hours.This conception of constructing inorganic perovskite/FCQDs graded heterojunction offers a feasible pathway to develop efficient and stable photovoltaics for scale-up and practical applications.展开更多
基金the NSFC(22075019)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB1104300)。
文摘Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method,which involves tedious steps,time-consuming treatments,or additional alkaline media,and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production.Herein,we present a facile,ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method.With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature,seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides(TM-LDHs)are formed on carbon cloth.Therein,the fastest synthesis rate reaches~0.46 cm^(2)s^(-1).Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates.This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents,multiple steps,and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability,showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices.To prove its utility,as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn(micro-)battery,the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density,superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22109009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680376)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB1104300)the NSFC(21975027,22035005,52073159)the NSFC-STINT(21911530143)。
文摘Currently,the increasing demands for portable,implantable,and wearable electronics have triggered the interest in miniaturized energy storage devices.Different from conventional energy storage devices,interdigital microbatteries(IMBs) are free of separators and prepared on a single substrate,potentially achieving a short ionic diffusion path and better performance.Meanwhile,they can be easily fabricated and integrated into on-chip miniaturized electronics,holding the promise to provide long-lasting power for advanced microelectronic devices.To date,while many seminal works have been reviewed the topic of microbatteries,there is no work that systematically summarizes the development of IMBs of high energy density and stable voltage platforms from fabrication,functionalization to integration.The current review focuses on the most recent progress in IMBs,discussing advanced micromachining techniques with compatible features to construct high-performance IMBs with smart functions and intelligent integrated systems.The future opportunities and challenges of IMBs are also highlighted,calling for more efforts in this dynamic and fast-growing research field.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2017YFB1104300 and 2016YFA0200200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51673026,51433005,and 21774015)NSFC-MAECI (No. 51861135202),Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Nos.Z161100002116022 and Z161100002116029).
文摘The development of compressible supercapacitors (SCs) that is tolerant to wide temperature range has been severely hindered due to the poor ionic conductivity and absence of extra functions in conventional polymer electrolytes.Herein,a highly conductive and compressible hydrogel polyelectrolyte has been prepared from polyacrylamide cross-linked by methacrylated graphene oxide (MGO-PAM) and the polyelectrolyte can maintain its excellent elasticity at-30 ℃ as well as its original shape at 100 ℃.As a result,the SC based on the MGO-PAM polyelectrolyte outperformed those fabricated with the conventional poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/H2SO4 electrolyte over a wide temperature window between-30 and 100 ℃.Meanwhile,the device shows an excellent cycling stability (capacitance retention of 93.3% after 8,000 cycles at-30 ℃ and 76.5 % after 4,000 cycles under 100 ℃) and a reversible compressibility (a high capacitance retention of 94.1% under 80% compression).Therefore,the MGO-PAM polyelectrolyte enables the fabrication of compressible SCs with a wide operating temperature,rendering new insights for developing next-generation robust and multifunctional energy-storage devices.
基金NSFC,Grant/Award Numbers:51673026,51433005,21774015NSFC-MAECI,Grant/Award Number:51861135202+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2017YFB1104300,2016YFA0200200We acknowledge the financial support from the NationalKey R&D Program of China (2017YFB11043002016YFA0200200), NSFC (No. 51673026, 51433005,21774015)NSFC-MAECI (51861135202).
文摘The emerging flexible electronic devices have stimulated the development of flexible batteries,in which flexible electrodes are indispensable components.Graphene,known for its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical stability,can be used as an ideal flexible substrate.Recently,many efforts have been devoted to graphene-based electrodes for flexible batteries.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in the development of graphene-based electrodes for various flexible batteries,including metal-ion batteries(ions of Li,Na,Zn,Al,etc.),lithiumsulfur batteries,and metal-air batteries(Li-and Zn-air batteries).Besides,major challenges and future developments of flexible batteries are also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,22109009,21975027,22035005,and 52073159)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M680376)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB1104300)the NSFCSTINT(21911530143).
基金supported by the National Major Fundamental Research Project (No. 2011ZX05023-001-002)the National Natural Science Important Foundation of China (No. 90814005)+1 种基金the Special Key Subject Funds of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province (No. 081802)the Northwest University Scientific Research Fund (No. 13NW08)
文摘Qikou sag, located in north-center of Huanghua depression in Bohai Basin, is a Cenozoic sag with rich hydrocarbon. As a microcosm of Bohai Basin, the fault characteristics of Cenozoic structural layers in Qikou sag could indicate and record the evolution of Cenozoic stress field in Bohai Basin. Based on the latest 3-D seismic data, the study takes statistics on the fault system of Cenozoic structural layers and analyzes the fault throws of major large faults along the strikes in different periods in Qikou sag, then the fault distribution regularities and the fault direction characteristics in each structural layer are summarized. The result shows that during Cenozoic, the fault activity strength migrates from southwest to northeast and the strikes of faults changes from northwestward in Sha-3 period to nearly east-westward since Sha-1 period.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2018YFB1502900,2019YFE0101300]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.21975088]the National Natural Science Foundation of China Major International(Regional)Joint Research Project[NO.51961165106].
文摘This work reports on a compositionally graded heterojunction for photovoltaic application by cooperating fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots(FCQDs in short)into the CsPbI_(2.5)Br_(0.5)inorganic perovskite layer.Using this CsPbI_(2.5)Br_(0.5)/FCQDs graded heterojunction in conjunction with low-temperature-processed carbon electrode,a power conversion efficiency of 13.53%for 1 cm^(2)all-inorganic perovskite solar cell can be achieved at AM 1.5G solar irradiation.To the best of our knowledge,this is one of the highest efficiency reported for carbon electrode based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells so far,and the first report of 1 cm^(2)carbon counter electrode based inorganic perovskite solar cell with PCE exceeding 13%.Moreover,the inorganic perovskite/carbon quantum dot graded heterojunction photovoltaics maintained over 90%of their initial efficiency after thermal aging at 85°for 1056 hours.This conception of constructing inorganic perovskite/FCQDs graded heterojunction offers a feasible pathway to develop efficient and stable photovoltaics for scale-up and practical applications.