Corrosion Test of the Steel Plate in a WJ-8 Fastener for High Speed Rail

It was found that the steel plate in the composite plate in the WJ-8 fastener used in high speed rail is rusty. The objective of this study is to test the zinc coating of the steel plate. A literature review was conducted to identify the zinc coating techniques, and the companies that can provide different coating service was identified. A salt fog chamber was built that was in compliance with the ANSI B117 code, and the steel plates that were coated by the identified companies were tested using the salt fog chamber. The results indicated that the coating technique that had the best performance in preventing corrosion was the Greenkote plates with passivation. The galvanized option had the roughest coating layer, and it was the most reactive in the salt water solution. This makes it non-ideal for the dynamic rail environment because the increased friction of the plate could damage the supports, especially during extreme temperatures that would cause the rail to expand or contract. Greenkote with Phosphate and ArmorGalv also provided increased corrosion prevention with a smooth, strong finish, but it had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote with ELU passivation. The ArmorGalv sample had more rust on the surface area than the Greenkote samples. This may not be a weakness in the ArmorGalv process;rather, it likely was the result of this particular sample not having the added protection of a colored coating.

Flexible, Transparent and Conductive Metal Mesh Films with Ultra‑High FoM for Stretchable Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding,achieving a flexible EMI shielding film,while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge.Herein,a flexible,transparent,and conductive copper(Cu)metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique.The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance(0.18Ω□^(-1)),high transmittance(85.8%@550 nm),and ultra-high figure of merit(>13,000).It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability,with a resistance increases of only 1.3%after 1,000 bending cycles.As a stretchable heater(ε>30%),the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110°C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage.Moreover,the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5μm.As a demonstration,it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves.Therefore,the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.

Stretchable,Transparent,and Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Shielding Thin Films Based on Wrinkled MXene Architectures

With the increasing demand for terahertz(THz)technology in security inspection,medical imaging,and flexible electronics,there is a significant need for stretchable and transparent THz electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials.Existing EMI shielding materials,like opaque metals and carbon-based films,face challenges in achieving both high transparency and high shielding efficiency(SE).Here,a wrinkled structure strategy was proposed to construct ultra-thin,stretchable,and transparent terahertz shielding MXene films,which possesses both isotropous wrinkles(height about 50 nm)and periodic wrinkles(height about 500 nm).Compared to flat film,the wrinkled MXene film(8 nm)demonstrates a remarkable 36.5%increase in SE within the THz band.The wrinkled MXene film exhibits an EMI SE of 21.1 dB at the thickness of 100 nm,and an average EMI SE/t of 700 dBμm^(−1)over the 0.1-10 THz.Theoretical calculations suggest that the wrinkled structure enhances the film’s conductivity and surface plasmon resonances,resulting in an improved THz wave absorption.Additionally,the wrinkled structure enhances the MXene films’stretchability and stability.After bending and stretching(at 30%strain)cycles,the average THz transmittance of the wrinkled film is only 0.5%and 2.4%,respectively.The outstanding performances of the wrinkled MXene film make it a promising THz electromagnetic shielding materials for future smart windows and wearable electronics.

Intrinsic apoptotic pathway and G2/M cell cycle arrest involved in tubeimoside I-induced EC109 cell death

Objective： Squamous esophageal carcinoma is highly prevalent in developing countries, especially in China. Tu Bei Mu （TBM）, a traditional folk medicine, has been used to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） for a long term. tubeimoside I （TBMS1） is the main component of TBM, exhibiting great anticancer potential. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of TBMS1 cytotoxic effect on EC109 cells. Methods： Comparative nuclear proteomic approach was applied in the current study and we identified several altered protein spots. Further biochemical studies were carried out to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle and corresponding proteins＇ expression and location. Results： Subcellular proteomic study in the nucleus from EC109 cells revealed that altered proteins were associated with mitochondrial function and cell proliferation. Further biochemical studies showed that TBMSl-induced molecular events were related to mitochondria-induced intrinsic apoptosis and P21-cyclin B 1/cdc2 complex-related G2/M cell cycle arrest. Conclusions： Considering the conventional application of TBM in esophageal cancer, TBMS1 therefore may have a great potential as a chemotherapeutic drug candidate for ESCC.

Analysis of the Harmonic Response of a Modulation Permanent Magnetic Transmission Equipment Based on ANSYS

This paper analyzes the structure and transmission principles of a modulation permanent magnet gear transmission. Its 3D data model is built based on the known optimized parameters from research team. Its structure of the harmonic response is analyzed and discussed under the software ANSYS. The displacement response and the initial 6 order response frequency and phase angle are obtained. The change rule of these responses is known under the forced vibration.

Integration and Optimization of Railway Engineering Laboratory Resources under the Background of"Double First Class"

With the continuous development of China's social economy,it has correspondingly promoted the development of the railway engineering experimental career,and has made tremendous progress in the cultivation of railway engineering experimental talents.At the same time,there are still many problems in the development of rail transit in the construction of"double first-class".Only by solving the existing problems can we further promote the smooth development of the training of railway engineering experimental talents.Therefore,the article mainly analyzes the problems and countermeasures of railway engineering experimental training,combined with the status and role of laboratories in the training of talents under the background of"double first-class",according to the society's demand for first-class engineering talents,we reformed and explored laboratory resource integration and optimization.

Railway Engineering Experimental Teaching Research Based on the Combination of Field Experiment and Virtual Reality(VR)Technology——Taking Central South University as an Example

At present,rail transit is developing rapidly in the world,and this means new and changing requirements for the training of talents in railway engineering experiments.Given the current problems of limited laboratory/field instruments for railway engineering experimentsand the safety/administrative difficulties of going to the frontline of railway lines to teach railway engineering experiemnts in the field,the Department of Railway Engineering of Central South University tried to introduce virtual reality(VR)technology to teach students experiments in the field of railway engineering.Through the virtualized experimental methods,students can carry out railway engineering experiments such as;vehicle wheel pair off-axis experiments,track geometry and position detection,etc.by immersive means.It was observed that after performing virtual simulation experiments,students appeared conversant in subsequent field experiments.Thus,VR greatly improves the teaching efficiency of railway engineering experiments.

Research on Experimental Teaching Reform of Railway Engineering under the Training of International Students

The railway engineering major shows extremely strong applicability,with the internationalization of railway engineering teaching and communication,how to solve the problem of cultivating the international students of the railway engineering major experimental teaching is a core problem that the railway engineering majors in universities need to solve at this stage.Through reform,a new type of experimental teaching system for railway engineering specialty was constructed,that is,the experimental course system and content system determined by the international students training program were taken as the core,the construction of teachers,experimental facilities,practice bases and other conditions as the basis,and the system construction and operation organization to build an organic whole composed of four elements for guarantee.It is closely integrated with the theoretical teaching system and relatively independent.It guarantees the realization of the goal of international students training.And it can integrate and optimize the experimental teaching links,content,methods and evaluation system,and build a“gradual experimentprofessional experiment-comprehensive experiment”progressive gradient experiment teaching system.Form a benign pattern of collaborative training of laboratories,practice bases and scientific research bases,mutual promotion of teaching and scientific research,and effectively promote the improvement of students’experimental innovation ability.

Research on Railway Engineering Experiment Teaching Principles Based on Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching——Taking the Floating Slab Vibration Damping Track Virtual Experiment as an Example

Virtual simulation teaching is an addendum to the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering,and the two teaching methods complement each other and merge with each other.In view of the current research,there is little discussion about the integration path of the two above.Based on the connotation and design of virtual simulation teaching,this research systematically expounds the integration of the real path and path optimization problems,and puts forward the railway engineering experimental teaching principles based on virtual simulation teaching.On the basis of this research,a virtual simulation experiment platform for vibration mechanics and its application in the floating slab vibration damping track was developed to make full use of three-dimensional modeling,virtual reality,human-computer interaction and other technologies,which can realistically simulate the vibration law and vibration damping effect of the rail transit system,and in the hope that the virtual simulation teaching can be widely used in the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering in the future.

Phase separation of Nur77 mediates XS561-induced apoptosis by promoting the formation of Nur77/Bcl-2 condensates

The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a critical regulator of the survival and death of tumor cells.The pro-death effect of Nur77 can be regulated by its interaction with Bcl-2,resulting in conversion of Bcl-2 from a survival to killer.As Bcl-2 is overexpressed in various cancers preventing them from apoptosis and promoting their resistance to chemotherapy,targeting the apoptotic pathway of Nur77/Bcl-2 may lead to new cancer therapeutics.Here,we report our identification of XS561 as a novel Nur77 ligand that induces apoptosis of tumor cells by activating the Nur77/Bcl-2 pathway.In vitro and animal studies revealed an apoptotic effect of XS561 in a range of tumor cell lines including MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)and MCF-7/LCC2 tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer(TAMR)in a Nur77-dependent manner.Mechanistic studies showed XS561 potently induced the translocation of Nur77 from the nucleus to mitochondria,resulting in mitochondria-related apoptosis.Interestingly,XS561-induced accumulation of Nur77 at mitochondria was associated with XS561 induction of Nur77 phase separation and the formation of Nur77/Bcl-2 condensates.Together,our studies identify XS561 as a new activator of the Nur77/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and reveal a role of phase separation in mediating the apoptotic effect of Nur77 at mitochondria.

Laser-Induced Methanol Decomposition for Ultrafast Hydrogen Production

Methanol(CH_(3)OH)is a liquid hydrogen(H_(2))source that effectively releases H_(2) and is convenient for transportation.Traditional thermocatalytic CH_(3)OH reforming reaction is used to produce H_(2),but this process needs to undergo high reaction temperature(e.g.,200℃)along with a catalyst and a large amount of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission.Although photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis under mild conditions are proposed to replace the traditional thermal catalysis to produce H_(2) from CH_(3)OH,they still inevitably produce CO_(2) emissions that are detrimental to carbon neutrality.Here,we,for the first time,report an ultrafast and highly selective production of H_(2) without any catalysts and no CO_(2) emission from CH_(3)OH by laser bubbling in liquid(LBL)at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

Three-dimensional multimodal sub-diffraction imaging with spinning-disk confocal microscopy using blinking/ fluctuating probes

Three-dimensional imaging cannot be achieved easily using previously developed localization super-resolution techniques. Here, we present a three-dimensional multimodal sub-diffraction imaging technique with spinning-disk （SD） confocal microscopy called 3D-MUSIC, which not only has all the advantages of SD confocal microscopy such as fast imaging speed, high signal-to-noise ratio, and optical-sectioning capability, but also extends its spatial resolution limit along all three dimensions. Both axial and lateral resolution can be improved simul- taneously by virtue of the blinking/fluctuating nature of modified fluorescent probes, exemplified with the quantum dots. Further, super-resolution images with dual modality can be obtained through super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging （SOFI） and bleaching/blinking-assisted localization microscopy （BALM）. Therefore, fast super-resolution imaging can be achieved with SD-SOFI by capturing only 100 frames while SD-BaLM yields high-resolution imaging.

Key Elements Controlling Oil Accumulation within the Tight Sandstones

Tight oil sandstone reservoirs with low porosity and permeability, which are an unconventional petroleum resource, have been discovered in the Jurassic intervals of the central Junggar Basin, the northwestern China. To reveal the accumulation mechanism, a relatively comprehensive research was conducted, including oil-source correlation, porosity evolution, and hydrocarbon charging history. The results show that crude oil of these tight sandstone reservoirs were mainly from Permian source rocks with some contribution from Jurassic source rocks. The reservoirs were buried at shallow depth（〈3 100 m） and exposed to weak diagenesis, and thus had high porosity（18.5%） when the Permian-sourced oil from Permian source rock was charging, indicating high GOI values（〉5%）. In contrast, the sandstone reservoir had already become tight and did not provide available space to accumulate oil due to severe compaction and cementation when hydrocarbon from Jurassic source rock filled, evidenced by low GOI values（〈5%）. Therefore, reservoir porosity controls the oil accumulation within tight sandstone. Whether tight sandstone reservoirs accumulate oil depends on the reservoir quality when hydrocarbons charge. Before the exploration of tight oil sandstone reservoirs, it should be required to investigate the relationship between oil charging history and porosity evolution to reduce the exploration risk and figure out the available targets.

Norlichexanthone purified from plant endophyte prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis by targeting ERa to inhibit RANKL signaling

Although different types of drugs are available for postmenopausal osteoporosis,the limitations of the current therapies including drug resistances and adverse effects require identification of novel anti-osteoporosis agents.Here,we defined that norlichexanthone(NOR),a natural product,is a ligand of estrogen receptor-alpha(ERα)and revealed its therapeutic potential for postmenopausal osteoporosis.We used mammalian-one hybrid assay to screen for ERαmodulators from crude extracts of several plant endophytes.As a result,NOR purified from the extract of endophyte ARL-13 was identified as a selective ERαmodulator.NOR directly bound to ERαwith an affinity in nanomolar range,revealing that it is a natural ligand of ERα.NOR induced osteoblast formation in MC3T3-E1 precursor cells.Conversely,NOR inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and mouse primary monocytes.Mechanistically,NOR inhibited RANKL-induced association of ERαand TRAF6 to prevent ERα-mediated TRAF6 activation via Lys63-linked ubiquitination.Importantly,NOR exhibited potent anti-osteoporosis efficacy in an ovariectomized mouse model.Comparing to estrogen,NOR was of much less capability in stimulating endometrial hyperplasia and promoting mammalian cancer cell proliferation.Taken together,our study identified NOR as a natural and high affinity ligand of ERαwith substantial anti-osteoporosis but less estrogenic activity.

NSC-640358 acts as RXRa ligand to promote TNFa-mediated apoptosis of cancer cell

Retinoid X receptor a （RXRα） and its N-terminally trun- cated version tRXRα play important roles in tumorige. nesis, while some RXRg ligands possess potent anti- cancer activities by targeting and modulating the tumorigenic effects of RXRo and tRXRa. Here we describe NSC-640358 （N-6）, a thiazolyl-pyrazole derived compound, acts as a selective RXRα ligand to promote TNFα-mediated apoptosis of cancer cell. N-6 binds to RXRa and inhibits the transactivation of RXRα homod- imer and RXRa/TR3 heterodimer. Using mutational analysis and computational study, we determine that Arg316 in RXRa, essential for 9-cis-retinoic acid binding and activating RXRg transactivation, is not required for antagonist effects of N-6, whereas Trp305 and Phe313 are crucial for N-6 binding to RXRα by forming extra w-w stacking interactions with N-6, indicating a distinct RXRα binding mode of N-6. N-6 inhibits TR3-stimulated transactivation of Gal4-DBD-RXRα-LBD by binding to the ligand binding pocket of RXRa-LBD, suggesting a strategy to regulate TR3 activity indirectly by using small molecules to target its interacting partner RXRα. For its physiological activities, we show that N-6 strongly inhibits tumor necrosis factor a （TNFα）-induced AKT activation and stimulates TNFa-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells in an RXRa/tRXRo dependent manner.The inhibition of TNFα-induced tRXRα/p85α complex formation by N-6 implies that N-6 targets tRXRa to inhibit TNFα-induced AKT activation and to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Together, our data illustrate a new RXRa ligand with a unique RXRα binding mode and the abilities to regulate TR3 activity indirectly and to induce TNFa-mediated cancer cell apoptosis by targeting RXRα/tRXRα.

Cross-cumulant enhanced radiality nanoscopy for multicolor superresolution subcellular imaging

Fluorescence fuctuation-based superresolution techniques can achieve fast superresolution imaging on a cost-effective wide-field platform at a low light level with reduced phototoxicity.However,the current methods exhibit certain imaging deficiencies that misinterpret nanoscale features reconstructed from fluctuating image scquences,thus degrading the superresolution imaging quality and performance.Here we propose Cross-cumulant enhanced radiality nanoscopy(CERN),which employs cross cumulant analysis in tandem with radiality processing.We demonstrated that CERN can significantly improve the spatial resolution at a low light level while eliminating the misinterpretations of nanoscale features of the existing fluctuation-based superresolution methods.In the experiment,we further verified the superior performance of CERN over the current methods through performing multicolor superresolution imaging of subcellular microtubule networks and clathrin-coated pits as well as the high-precision reconstruction of densely packed RNA transcripts.

Controlling sulfurization of 2D Mo_(2)C crystal for Mo_(2)C/MoS_(2)-based memristor and artificial synapse

Owing to the conductance-adjustable performance,the emerging two-terminal memristors are promising candidates for artificial synapses and brain-spired neuromorphic computing.Although memristors based on molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))have displayed outstanding performance,such as thermal stability and high energy efficiency,reports on memristors based on MoS_(2) as the functional layer to simulate synaptic behavior are limited.Herein,a homologous Mo_(2)C/MoS_(2)-based memristor is prepared by partially sulfuring two-dimensional Mo_(2)C crystal.The memristor shows good stability,excellent retention(~104 s)and endurance(>100 cycles),and a high ON/OFF ratio(>10^(3)).Moreover,for comprehensively mimicking biological synapses,the essential synaptic functions of the device are systematically analyzed,including paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),short-term plasticity(STP),long-term plasticity(LTP),long-term depression(LTD),and the transitions from STP to LTP.Notably,this artificial synapse could keep a highlevel stable memory for a long time(60 s)after repeated stimulation.These results prove that our device is highly desirable for biological synapses,which show great potential for application in future high-density storage and neuromorphic computing systems.