Background:The extent of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer remains controversial,and more high-level clinical evidence is needed.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of extended pancreatoduodenectom...Background:The extent of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer remains controversial,and more high-level clinical evidence is needed.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of extended pancreatoduodenectomy(EPD)with retroperitoneal nerve resection in pancreatic head cancer.Methods:This multicenter randomized trial was performed at 6 Chinese highvolume hospitals that enrolled patients between October 3,2012,and September 21,2017.Four hundred patients with stage I or II pancreatic head cancer and without specific pancreatic cancer treatments(preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation)within three months were randomly assigned to undergo standard pancreatoduodenectomy(SPD)or EPD,with the latter followed by dissection of additional lymph nodes(LNs),nerves and soft tissues 270◦on the right side surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS)by intention-to-treat(ITT).The secondary endpoints were disease-free survival(DFS),mortality,morbidity,and postoperative pain intensity.Results:TheR1 ratewas slightly lower with EPD(8.46%)thanwith SPD(12.56%).The morbidity and mortality rates were similar between the two groups.The median OS was similar in the EPD and SPD groups by ITT in the whole study cohort(23.0 vs.20.2 months,P=0.100),while the median DFS was superior in the EPD group(16.1 vs.13.2 months,P=0.031).Patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL had significantly improved OS and DFS with EPD(EPD vs.SPD,30.8 vs.20.9 months,P=0.009;23.4 vs.13.5 months,P<0.001).The EPD group exhibited significantly lower locoregional(16.48%vs.35.20%,P<0.001)andmesenteric LNrecurrence rates(3.98%vs.10.06%,P=0.022).The EPD group exhibited less back pain 6 months postoperation than the SPD group.Conclusions:EPD for pancreatic head cancer did not significantly improve OS,but patients with EPD treatment had significantly improved DFS.In the subgroup analysis,improvements in bothOS and DFS in the EPD armwere observed in patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.EPD could be used as an effective surgical procedure for patients with pancreatic head cancer,especially those with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.展开更多
Introduction:Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality.Thus,to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro...Introduction:Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality.Thus,to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro-chemicals is of great importance to decrease pollution and to guarantee the security of food quality.Here,our experiments illustrated that nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem(RD)could reduce energy input and increase both energy output and the values of the product safety index based on energy(PSI).Results:According to the results of our experiments,RD and rice monoculture production system(RM)were-0.6 and-0.78,respectively,which indicated that the safety potential of products in RD was higher than that of RM.Protein yield based on RD was significantly higher than that of RM.The output/input,gross income,and net income of RD were 15.26%,39.51%,and 44.80%,respectively,higher than that of RM;the data suggest that the economic benefits of RD were greater than that of RM.Conclusions:Consequently,as an intermediate-type technology,RD could become a feasible alternative that could reduce agro-chemical application rate without decreasing rice yield and increasing labor intensity.Furthermore,as an inheritance and development of the Chinese farming culture,RD is a classic Chinese farming technology withstanding more than 700 years of tests.展开更多
The present work reports a systematic investigation on phase evolution,microstructure and microstructure-property relationship of two typical face-centered cubic(FCC)structured high-entropy alloys(HEAs),FeNiCoCr and F...The present work reports a systematic investigation on phase evolution,microstructure and microstructure-property relationship of two typical face-centered cubic(FCC)structured high-entropy alloys(HEAs),FeNiCoCr and FeNiCoCrMn,prepared via mechanical alloying(MA)followed by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Following 50 h of MA,the two HEAs consisted of a mixture of FCC and body-centered cubic phases.Following SPS,the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy showed a primary FCC phase with a small amount of Cr_(23)C_(6) and Cr_(2)O_(3) contaminants,while the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy was composed of a primary FCC phase with some(Cr,Mn)23C6 and MnCr_(2)O_(4) contaminants.The average grain size of the primary FCC phase in the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy was~416 nm,while that of the primary FCC phase in the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy was~547 nm.The yield strength,compressive strength and strain-to-failure of the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy are 1525 MPa,1987 MPa and 24.4%,respectively,whereas those of the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy are 1329 MPa,1761 MPa and 21.9%,respectively.It suggests that the bulk FeNiCoCrMn exhibited lower strength and plasticity in comparison with the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy.Clearly,the smaller grain size of the primary FCC phase in the FeNiCoCr alloy is mainly responsible for the better mechanical performance.展开更多
Microtus fortis is the only mammalian host that exhibits intrinsic resistance against Schistosoma japonicum infection.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms of this resistance are not yet known.Here,we perform th...Microtus fortis is the only mammalian host that exhibits intrinsic resistance against Schistosoma japonicum infection.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms of this resistance are not yet known.Here,we perform the first de novo genome assembly of M.fortis,comprehensive gene annotation analysis,and evolution analysis.Furthermore,we compare the recovery rate of schistosomes,pathological changes,and liver transcriptomes between M.fortis and mice at different time points after infection.We observe that the time and type of immune response in M.fortis are different from those in mice.M.fortis activates immune and inflammatory responses on the 10th day post infection,such as leukocyte extravasation,antibody activation,Fc-gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis,and the interferon signaling cascade,which play important roles in preventing the development of schistosomes.In contrast,an intense immune response occurrs in mice at the late stages of infection and could not eliminate schistosomes.Infected mice suffer severe pathological injury and continuous decreases in cell cycle,lipid metabolism,and other functions.Our findings offer new insights into the intrinsic resistance mechanism of M.fortis against schistosome infection.The genome sequence also provides the basis for future studies of other important traits in M.fortis.展开更多
Alternative brominated flame retardants（BFRs） have become prevalent as a consequence of restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）. For risk assessment of these alternatives, knowledge of the...Alternative brominated flame retardants（BFRs） have become prevalent as a consequence of restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）. For risk assessment of these alternatives, knowledge of their metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes is needed.We have previously proved that density functional theory（DFT） is able to predict the metabolism of PBDEs by revealing the molecular mechanisms. In the current study, the reactivity of 1,2-bis（2,4,6-tribromophenoxy）ethane and structurally similar chemicals with the Compound I model representing the active site of P450 enzymes was investigated. The DFT calculations delineated reaction pathways which lead to reasonable explanations for products that were detected by wet experiments, meanwhile intermediates which cannot be determined were also proposed. Results showed that alkyl hydrogen abstraction will lead to bis（2,4,6-tribromophenoxy）ethanol, which may undergo hydrolysis yielding2,4,6-tribromophenol, a neurotoxic compound. In addition, a general pattern of oxidation reactivity regarding the 2,4,6-tribromophenyl moiety was observed among several model compounds. Our study has provided insights for convenient evaluation of the metabolism of other structurally similar BFRs.展开更多
In order to reduce the controlling difficulty caused by trajectory meandering and improve the adaptability to parking into regular lots,a versatile optimal planner(OP)is proposed.Taking advantage of the low speed spec...In order to reduce the controlling difficulty caused by trajectory meandering and improve the adaptability to parking into regular lots,a versatile optimal planner(OP)is proposed.Taking advantage of the low speed specificity of parking vehicle,the OP algorithm was modeled the planning problem as a convex optimization problem.Collision-free constraints were formalized into the shortest distance between convex sets by describing obstacles and autonomous vehicle as affine set.Since employing Lagrange dual function and combining KKT conditions,the collision-free constraints translated into convex functions.Taking the national standard into account,5 kinds of regular parking scenario,which contain 0°,30°,45°,60°and 90°parking lots,were designed to verify the OP algorithm.The results illustrate that it is benefit from the continuous and smooth trajectory generated by the OP method to track,keep vehicle's stability and improve ride comfort,compared with A*and hybrid A*algorithms.Moreover,the OP method has strong generality since it can ensure the success rate no less than 82%when parking planning is carried out at the start node of 369 different locations.Both of evaluation criteria,as the pear error and RMSE in x direction,y axis and Euclidean distance d,and heading deviation 6,are stable and feasible in real tests,which illustrates that the OP planner can satisfy the requirements of regular parking scenarios.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21806018 and No.21873052)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT20RC(4)002)+1 种基金Scientific Research Grant of Ningbo University(No.215-432000282)Ningbo Top Talent Project(No.215-432094250)。
基金Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program,Grant/Award Number:2012007National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:81871945National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project,Grant/Award Number:2022YW030009。
文摘Background:The extent of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer remains controversial,and more high-level clinical evidence is needed.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of extended pancreatoduodenectomy(EPD)with retroperitoneal nerve resection in pancreatic head cancer.Methods:This multicenter randomized trial was performed at 6 Chinese highvolume hospitals that enrolled patients between October 3,2012,and September 21,2017.Four hundred patients with stage I or II pancreatic head cancer and without specific pancreatic cancer treatments(preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiation)within three months were randomly assigned to undergo standard pancreatoduodenectomy(SPD)or EPD,with the latter followed by dissection of additional lymph nodes(LNs),nerves and soft tissues 270◦on the right side surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and celiac axis.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS)by intention-to-treat(ITT).The secondary endpoints were disease-free survival(DFS),mortality,morbidity,and postoperative pain intensity.Results:TheR1 ratewas slightly lower with EPD(8.46%)thanwith SPD(12.56%).The morbidity and mortality rates were similar between the two groups.The median OS was similar in the EPD and SPD groups by ITT in the whole study cohort(23.0 vs.20.2 months,P=0.100),while the median DFS was superior in the EPD group(16.1 vs.13.2 months,P=0.031).Patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL had significantly improved OS and DFS with EPD(EPD vs.SPD,30.8 vs.20.9 months,P=0.009;23.4 vs.13.5 months,P<0.001).The EPD group exhibited significantly lower locoregional(16.48%vs.35.20%,P<0.001)andmesenteric LNrecurrence rates(3.98%vs.10.06%,P=0.022).The EPD group exhibited less back pain 6 months postoperation than the SPD group.Conclusions:EPD for pancreatic head cancer did not significantly improve OS,but patients with EPD treatment had significantly improved DFS.In the subgroup analysis,improvements in bothOS and DFS in the EPD armwere observed in patients with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.EPD could be used as an effective surgical procedure for patients with pancreatic head cancer,especially those with preoperative CA19–9<200.0 U/mL.
文摘Introduction:Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality.Thus,to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro-chemicals is of great importance to decrease pollution and to guarantee the security of food quality.Here,our experiments illustrated that nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem(RD)could reduce energy input and increase both energy output and the values of the product safety index based on energy(PSI).Results:According to the results of our experiments,RD and rice monoculture production system(RM)were-0.6 and-0.78,respectively,which indicated that the safety potential of products in RD was higher than that of RM.Protein yield based on RD was significantly higher than that of RM.The output/input,gross income,and net income of RD were 15.26%,39.51%,and 44.80%,respectively,higher than that of RM;the data suggest that the economic benefits of RD were greater than that of RM.Conclusions:Consequently,as an intermediate-type technology,RD could become a feasible alternative that could reduce agro-chemical application rate without decreasing rice yield and increasing labor intensity.Furthermore,as an inheritance and development of the Chinese farming culture,RD is a classic Chinese farming technology withstanding more than 700 years of tests.
基金supported by the Opening Project of Guangdong Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials Processing,South China University of Technology(GJ201601)。
文摘The present work reports a systematic investigation on phase evolution,microstructure and microstructure-property relationship of two typical face-centered cubic(FCC)structured high-entropy alloys(HEAs),FeNiCoCr and FeNiCoCrMn,prepared via mechanical alloying(MA)followed by spark plasma sintering(SPS).Following 50 h of MA,the two HEAs consisted of a mixture of FCC and body-centered cubic phases.Following SPS,the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy showed a primary FCC phase with a small amount of Cr_(23)C_(6) and Cr_(2)O_(3) contaminants,while the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy was composed of a primary FCC phase with some(Cr,Mn)23C6 and MnCr_(2)O_(4) contaminants.The average grain size of the primary FCC phase in the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy was~416 nm,while that of the primary FCC phase in the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy was~547 nm.The yield strength,compressive strength and strain-to-failure of the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy are 1525 MPa,1987 MPa and 24.4%,respectively,whereas those of the bulk FeNiCoCrMn alloy are 1329 MPa,1761 MPa and 21.9%,respectively.It suggests that the bulk FeNiCoCrMn exhibited lower strength and plasticity in comparison with the bulk FeNiCoCr alloy.Clearly,the smaller grain size of the primary FCC phase in the FeNiCoCr alloy is mainly responsible for the better mechanical performance.
基金This work was supported by the Key Project in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology(2015BAI09B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872256,31472188)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0501306)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-QYZD-126,ZDBS-SSW-DQC-02)CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association,and SA-SIBS Scholarship Program.
文摘Microtus fortis is the only mammalian host that exhibits intrinsic resistance against Schistosoma japonicum infection.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms of this resistance are not yet known.Here,we perform the first de novo genome assembly of M.fortis,comprehensive gene annotation analysis,and evolution analysis.Furthermore,we compare the recovery rate of schistosomes,pathological changes,and liver transcriptomes between M.fortis and mice at different time points after infection.We observe that the time and type of immune response in M.fortis are different from those in mice.M.fortis activates immune and inflammatory responses on the 10th day post infection,such as leukocyte extravasation,antibody activation,Fc-gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis,and the interferon signaling cascade,which play important roles in preventing the development of schistosomes.In contrast,an intense immune response occurrs in mice at the late stages of infection and could not eliminate schistosomes.Infected mice suffer severe pathological injury and continuous decreases in cell cycle,lipid metabolism,and other functions.Our findings offer new insights into the intrinsic resistance mechanism of M.fortis against schistosome infection.The genome sequence also provides the basis for future studies of other important traits in M.fortis.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(No.2013CB430403)the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.21137001,21325729,and 21173211)of Chinasupported by Supercomputing Center of Dalian University of Technology
文摘Alternative brominated flame retardants（BFRs） have become prevalent as a consequence of restrictions on the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（PBDEs）. For risk assessment of these alternatives, knowledge of their metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes is needed.We have previously proved that density functional theory（DFT） is able to predict the metabolism of PBDEs by revealing the molecular mechanisms. In the current study, the reactivity of 1,2-bis（2,4,6-tribromophenoxy）ethane and structurally similar chemicals with the Compound I model representing the active site of P450 enzymes was investigated. The DFT calculations delineated reaction pathways which lead to reasonable explanations for products that were detected by wet experiments, meanwhile intermediates which cannot be determined were also proposed. Results showed that alkyl hydrogen abstraction will lead to bis（2,4,6-tribromophenoxy）ethanol, which may undergo hydrolysis yielding2,4,6-tribromophenol, a neurotoxic compound. In addition, a general pattern of oxidation reactivity regarding the 2,4,6-tribromophenyl moiety was observed among several model compounds. Our study has provided insights for convenient evaluation of the metabolism of other structurally similar BFRs.
文摘In order to reduce the controlling difficulty caused by trajectory meandering and improve the adaptability to parking into regular lots,a versatile optimal planner(OP)is proposed.Taking advantage of the low speed specificity of parking vehicle,the OP algorithm was modeled the planning problem as a convex optimization problem.Collision-free constraints were formalized into the shortest distance between convex sets by describing obstacles and autonomous vehicle as affine set.Since employing Lagrange dual function and combining KKT conditions,the collision-free constraints translated into convex functions.Taking the national standard into account,5 kinds of regular parking scenario,which contain 0°,30°,45°,60°and 90°parking lots,were designed to verify the OP algorithm.The results illustrate that it is benefit from the continuous and smooth trajectory generated by the OP method to track,keep vehicle's stability and improve ride comfort,compared with A*and hybrid A*algorithms.Moreover,the OP method has strong generality since it can ensure the success rate no less than 82%when parking planning is carried out at the start node of 369 different locations.Both of evaluation criteria,as the pear error and RMSE in x direction,y axis and Euclidean distance d,and heading deviation 6,are stable and feasible in real tests,which illustrates that the OP planner can satisfy the requirements of regular parking scenarios.
