Hsa_circ_0036740 in familial adenomatous polyposis:Immune regulation and neutrophil effects in CRC based on highthroughput assay

Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is an autosomal dominant disease with a high probability of becoming cancerous.Many RNAs potentially associated with FAP have not been identified.In this study,a circRNA(circular RNA)expression profile of FAP was established using a circRNA microarray,and differentially expressed circRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR.The effects of hsa_circ_0036740 on the malignant behavior of tumor cells(proliferation,apoptosis,and epithelial mesenchymal transition)and the levels of C3A complement protein expression were evaluated.Moreover,neutrophils were isolated and co-cultured with colorectal cancer cells(CRCs),followed by measurements of MPO-DNA,citrullinated histone H3,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and IL-8 levels.Nuclear translocation of arginine deiminase 4(PAD4)was observed using immunofluorescence assays.Based on the high-throughput assay,238 downregulated circRNAs,and 38 upregulated circRNAs were identified.A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis suggested that immune regulation might be involved in FAP.A total of 10 DECs(differentially expressed circular RNAs)were identified by RT-qPCR,and among them,hsa_circ_0036740 showed the highest fold-change in upregulation.Results of gain-of-and loss-of-function studies revealed that hsa_circ_0036740 enhanced the malignant behavior of tumor cells,such as metastasis,proliferation,and apoptosis,with an increasing level of C3A complement.Moreover,hsa_circ_0036740 also significantly increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammation in neutrophils,as shown by an increased expression of PAD4.In conclusion,this study revealed the expression profiles of circRNAs in FAP and confirmed the possible involvement of hsa_circ_0036740 in the immune regulation mediated by neutrophils.Finally,hsa_circ_0036740 was suggested as a new therapeutic target for CRC.

A Unified Control of Super-capacitor System Based on Bi-directional DC-DC Converter for Power Smoothing in DC Microgrid

To improve the equivalent inertia of DC microgrids(DCMGs),a unified control is proposed for the first time for a bi-directional DC-DC converter based super-capacitor(SC)system,whereby power smoothing and SC terminal voltage regulation can be achieved in a DCMG simultaneously.The proposed control displays good plug-and-play features using only local measurements.For quantitative analysis and effective design of the critical parameter of unified control,two indices,equivalent power supporting time and inertia contributed by the unified controlled SC system,are introduced firstly.Then,with a simple but effective reduced-order model of a DCMG,analytical solutions are obtained for the two indices.In addition,a systematic design method is presented for the proposed unified control.Finally,to verify the proposed unified control,a switching model is developed for a typical DCMG in PSCAD/EMTDC,and theoretical analyses are conducted for different operating conditions.

Sensory innervation of the anterior eye segment in rats: aretrograde tracing study

This study aimed to investigate the sensory innervation of the anterior eye segment in rats by retrograde tracing with 1,1-dioleyl-3,3,3,3-tetrameth-ylindocarbocyanine,4-chlorobenesulfonate(FAST Dil)injected into the anterior chamber.The sensory innervation of distinct elements of the anterior segment of the rat’s eye,i.e.the cornea,ciliary body,iris,and trabecular meshwork,were studied by retrograde tracing using FAST Dil as a tracer.FAST Dil was injected into the anterior chambers of the rat’s eyes.The animals were sacrificed at different time points,i.e.,2,3,4,and 5 days after the injection.FAST Dil localization in trigeminal ganglions was studied with afluorescent microscope.Two days after FAST Dil injection into the anterior chambers,the cornea,the ciliary body,the iris,and the trabecular meshwork were heavily labeled.Neurons in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion were also consistently labeled.The number of labeled cells increased over time until 4 days after FAST Dil injection.FAST Dil-labeled neurons could be divided into two parts.Most of the Dil-labeled neurons were concentrated in a sharp,longitudinal,spindle-like stripe,located in the dorso-medial side of the trigeminal ganglion,approximately two thirds of the dorsal portion.The other part of Dil-labeled neurons scattered laterally to the stripe,but just in one third of the dorsal region.Thus,with our preliminary results,we conclude that the primary afferent sensory neurons innervating the rat’s anterior eye segments aggregate in the dorso-medial part of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion.It is feasible to identify them using retrograde tracing with FAST Dil anterior chamber injection.