Articulated natural assemblages contain direct evidence of the element numbers,morphologies,positions and structures for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of conodont animals,but these kind of materials are very ...Articulated natural assemblages contain direct evidence of the element numbers,morphologies,positions and structures for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of conodont animals,but these kind of materials are very rare in fossil records.Here we report ten new conodont natural assemblages from Member II of the Guanling Formation in Luoping County,eastern Yunnan Province,southwestern China.These assemblages were obtained from the fossil-bearing layers of the Luoping Biota,dated to the early Middle Triassic Anisian stage(Pelsonian substage).These fossiliferous laminated limestones mainly consist of calcites and dolomites,with platy clay minerals and pyrites as subordinate components,indicating that the conodont assemblages were preserved in a lower energy and anoxic sedimentary environment.The new natural assemblages preserve the primary collapse orientations of the Nicoraella feeding apparatus from the Luoping Biota,showing the relative original positions of the S,M and P elements,that could be further used to refine the architecture of this apparatus in space variable M elements and the position unclear P1 elements.Integrating previously reported three-dimensional and bilaterally symmetrical fused clusters,we statistically analyze the size of the positional homogenous elements within different sized materials,in particular S4,S3,or S2 elements,indicates that elements ontogenic changes do not affect the apparatus architecture.Architecture of Nicoraella apparatus remains stable in the process of ontogeny,so our reconstructed model is credible.It is the first time that ample types of materials have been used to restore a conodont apparatus within one genus,namely natural assemblages(articulated and disarticulated),fused clusters(articulated,disarticulated,compressed,and relatively three-dimensional),and abundant discrete elements,respectively.These materials together record the most complete information on architecture in the gondolelloid apparatuses,thus enabling us to reconstruct a reliable fifteen-element apparatus and propose it as a standard template for gondolelloid apparatus reconstruction.展开更多
Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5(ACSL5),is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetases(ACSs)family that activates long chain fatty acids by catalyzing the synthesis of fatty acyl-CoAs.The dysregulation of ACSL5...Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5(ACSL5),is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetases(ACSs)family that activates long chain fatty acids by catalyzing the synthesis of fatty acyl-CoAs.The dysregulation of ACSL5 has been reported in some cancers,such as glioma and colon cancers.However,little is known about the role of ACSL5 in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).We found that the expression of ACSL5 was higher in bone marrow cells from AML patients compared with that from healthy donors.ACSL5 level could serve as an independent prognostic predictor of the overall survival of AML patients.In AML cells,the ACSL5 knockdown inhibited cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,the knockdown of ACSL5 suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by suppressing the palmitoylation modification of Wnt3a.Additionally,triacsin c,a pan-ACS family inhibitor,inhibited cell growth and robustly induced cell apoptosis when combined with ABT-199,the FDA approved BCL-2 inhibitor for AML therapy.Our results indicate that ACSL5 is a potential prognosis marker for AML and a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of molecularly stratified AML.展开更多
在规定的培养条件下,细菌的细胞尺寸大小能稳定在一定的范围内,即便遭受环境波动或自身内部噪声影响,细菌细胞仍能够维持自身尺寸稳态.这种尺寸调控遵循怎样的规律,以及规律背后的生物学意义如何,一直以来都吸引着人们关注,相关研究也...在规定的培养条件下,细菌的细胞尺寸大小能稳定在一定的范围内,即便遭受环境波动或自身内部噪声影响,细菌细胞仍能够维持自身尺寸稳态.这种尺寸调控遵循怎样的规律,以及规律背后的生物学意义如何,一直以来都吸引着人们关注,相关研究也在进行.近年来,由于群体水平的研究并不能很好地解释一些现象,在单细胞水平探究细菌生长过程所遵循的各种规律成为一种新的趋势.得益于多种单细菌捕获技术的发展,研究者们能够更加方便、合理地在单细胞水平对细菌开展相关研究.对细菌的尺寸调控研究,单细胞数据所呈现的结果与群体研究所得到的信息存在出入,前者能更精准、全面地反映被群体所覆盖的信息,使我们从群体培养所得到的“筛选器(sizer)”与“计时器(timer)”模型转向“加法器(adder)”与“噪声线性谱(noisy linear map)”模型.本文将结合单细菌捕获技术的介绍,简述细菌的各种尺寸调控机制理论与模型,希望有助于研究者快速了解本领域目前的研究进展与相关的基础理论体系.展开更多
Background: Traditionally,scientists studied microbiology through the manner of batch cultures,to conclude the dynamics or outputs by averaging all individuals.However,as the researches go further,the heterogeneities ...Background: Traditionally,scientists studied microbiology through the manner of batch cultures,to conclude the dynamics or outputs by averaging all individuals.However,as the researches go further,the heterogeneities among the individuals have been proven to be crucial for the population dynamics and fates.Results:Due to the limit of technology,single-cell analysis methods were not widely used to decipher the inherent connections between individual cells and populations.Since the early decades of this century,the rapid development of microfluidics,fluorescent labelling,next-generation sequencing,and high-resolution microscopy have speeded up the development of single-cell technologies and further facilitated the applications of these technologies on bacterial analysis.Conclusions:In this review,we summarized the recent processes of single-cell technologies applied in bacterial analysis in terms of intracellular characteristics,cell physiology dynamics,and group behaviors,and discussed how single-cell technologies could be more applicable for future bacterial researches.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders.Bile acids(BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation.BA change in GDM is still unclear,which e...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders.Bile acids(BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation.BA change in GDM is still unclear,which exerts great significance to illustrate the change of BAs in GDM.GDM patients and normal pregnant women were enrolled during the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) screening period.Fasting serums were sampled for the measurement of BAs.BA metabolism profiles were analyzed in both pregnant women with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance(NGT).Delivery characteristics,delivery gestational age,and infant birthweight were extracted from medical records.GDM patients presented distinctive features compared with NGT patients,including higher body mass index(BMI),elevated serum glucose concentration,raised insulin(both fasting and OGTT),and increased hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1c) levels.Higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and decreased β-cell compensation(i.e.,oral disposition index(DIo)) were also prevalent in this group.Total BAs(TBAs) remained stable,but glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA) levels declined significantly in GDM.GDCA was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with DIo.No obvious differences in clinical outcome between the GDM and NGT groups were observed.However,GDM patients with high HOMA-IR and low DIo tended to have a higher cesarean delivery rate and younger delivery gestational age.In conclusion,GDCA provides a valuable biomarker to evaluate HOMA-IR and DIo, and decreased GDCA levels predict poorer clinical outcomes for GDM.展开更多
基金financially supported by the China Geological Survey (Nos. DD20230219, DD20221635-004, DD20190054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42272030, 41502013, 41772022, 41661134047)the Project of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (No. PID2020-117373GA-I00) to Carlos Martínez-Pérez.
文摘Articulated natural assemblages contain direct evidence of the element numbers,morphologies,positions and structures for reconstructing the feeding apparatuses of conodont animals,but these kind of materials are very rare in fossil records.Here we report ten new conodont natural assemblages from Member II of the Guanling Formation in Luoping County,eastern Yunnan Province,southwestern China.These assemblages were obtained from the fossil-bearing layers of the Luoping Biota,dated to the early Middle Triassic Anisian stage(Pelsonian substage).These fossiliferous laminated limestones mainly consist of calcites and dolomites,with platy clay minerals and pyrites as subordinate components,indicating that the conodont assemblages were preserved in a lower energy and anoxic sedimentary environment.The new natural assemblages preserve the primary collapse orientations of the Nicoraella feeding apparatus from the Luoping Biota,showing the relative original positions of the S,M and P elements,that could be further used to refine the architecture of this apparatus in space variable M elements and the position unclear P1 elements.Integrating previously reported three-dimensional and bilaterally symmetrical fused clusters,we statistically analyze the size of the positional homogenous elements within different sized materials,in particular S4,S3,or S2 elements,indicates that elements ontogenic changes do not affect the apparatus architecture.Architecture of Nicoraella apparatus remains stable in the process of ontogeny,so our reconstructed model is credible.It is the first time that ample types of materials have been used to restore a conodont apparatus within one genus,namely natural assemblages(articulated and disarticulated),fused clusters(articulated,disarticulated,compressed,and relatively three-dimensional),and abundant discrete elements,respectively.These materials together record the most complete information on architecture in the gondolelloid apparatuses,thus enabling us to reconstruct a reliable fifteen-element apparatus and propose it as a standard template for gondolelloid apparatus reconstruction.
基金supported by the key international cooperation projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81820108004)the major projects of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2021C03123)the Pediatric Leukemia Diagnosis and Therapeutic Technology Research Center of Zhejiang Province(No.JBZX-201904).
文摘Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5(ACSL5),is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetases(ACSs)family that activates long chain fatty acids by catalyzing the synthesis of fatty acyl-CoAs.The dysregulation of ACSL5 has been reported in some cancers,such as glioma and colon cancers.However,little is known about the role of ACSL5 in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).We found that the expression of ACSL5 was higher in bone marrow cells from AML patients compared with that from healthy donors.ACSL5 level could serve as an independent prognostic predictor of the overall survival of AML patients.In AML cells,the ACSL5 knockdown inhibited cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,the knockdown of ACSL5 suppressed the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by suppressing the palmitoylation modification of Wnt3a.Additionally,triacsin c,a pan-ACS family inhibitor,inhibited cell growth and robustly induced cell apoptosis when combined with ABT-199,the FDA approved BCL-2 inhibitor for AML therapy.Our results indicate that ACSL5 is a potential prognosis marker for AML and a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of molecularly stratified AML.
文摘在规定的培养条件下,细菌的细胞尺寸大小能稳定在一定的范围内,即便遭受环境波动或自身内部噪声影响,细菌细胞仍能够维持自身尺寸稳态.这种尺寸调控遵循怎样的规律,以及规律背后的生物学意义如何,一直以来都吸引着人们关注,相关研究也在进行.近年来,由于群体水平的研究并不能很好地解释一些现象,在单细胞水平探究细菌生长过程所遵循的各种规律成为一种新的趋势.得益于多种单细菌捕获技术的发展,研究者们能够更加方便、合理地在单细胞水平对细菌开展相关研究.对细菌的尺寸调控研究,单细胞数据所呈现的结果与群体研究所得到的信息存在出入,前者能更精准、全面地反映被群体所覆盖的信息,使我们从群体培养所得到的“筛选器(sizer)”与“计时器(timer)”模型转向“加法器(adder)”与“噪声线性谱(noisy linear map)”模型.本文将结合单细菌捕获技术的介绍,简述细菌的各种尺寸调控机制理论与模型,希望有助于研究者快速了解本领域目前的研究进展与相关的基础理论体系.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31770111,31800083 and 31570095)Shenzhen Science Technology and Innovation Commission(Nos.KQTD2016112915000294,JCYJ20170413153329565,JCYJ20170818160418654 and JCYJ2018030-2145817753)+1 种基金Instrumental project from Chinese Academy of Science(No.YJKYYQ20170063)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(Nos.2017M622832 and 2018M631002).
文摘Background: Traditionally,scientists studied microbiology through the manner of batch cultures,to conclude the dynamics or outputs by averaging all individuals.However,as the researches go further,the heterogeneities among the individuals have been proven to be crucial for the population dynamics and fates.Results:Due to the limit of technology,single-cell analysis methods were not widely used to decipher the inherent connections between individual cells and populations.Since the early decades of this century,the rapid development of microfluidics,fluorescent labelling,next-generation sequencing,and high-resolution microscopy have speeded up the development of single-cell technologies and further facilitated the applications of these technologies on bacterial analysis.Conclusions:In this review,we summarized the recent processes of single-cell technologies applied in bacterial analysis in terms of intracellular characteristics,cell physiology dynamics,and group behaviors,and discussed how single-cell technologies could be more applicable for future bacterial researches.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2018YFC1002700 and 2018YFC1002702)。
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders.Bile acids(BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation.BA change in GDM is still unclear,which exerts great significance to illustrate the change of BAs in GDM.GDM patients and normal pregnant women were enrolled during the oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) screening period.Fasting serums were sampled for the measurement of BAs.BA metabolism profiles were analyzed in both pregnant women with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance(NGT).Delivery characteristics,delivery gestational age,and infant birthweight were extracted from medical records.GDM patients presented distinctive features compared with NGT patients,including higher body mass index(BMI),elevated serum glucose concentration,raised insulin(both fasting and OGTT),and increased hemoglobin A1 c(HbA1c) levels.Higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and decreased β-cell compensation(i.e.,oral disposition index(DIo)) were also prevalent in this group.Total BAs(TBAs) remained stable,but glycodeoxycholic acid(GDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA) levels declined significantly in GDM.GDCA was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with DIo.No obvious differences in clinical outcome between the GDM and NGT groups were observed.However,GDM patients with high HOMA-IR and low DIo tended to have a higher cesarean delivery rate and younger delivery gestational age.In conclusion,GDCA provides a valuable biomarker to evaluate HOMA-IR and DIo, and decreased GDCA levels predict poorer clinical outcomes for GDM.