Purpose:We investigated the effects of retinal ischemia,neurodegeneration,and subclinical edema on best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:Ischemia was evaluated by th...Purpose:We investigated the effects of retinal ischemia,neurodegeneration,and subclinical edema on best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:Ischemia was evaluated by the microvascular parameters measured by optical coherence tomography angiography.Neurodegeneration and subclinical edema were identified by the intraretinal layer thickness obtained by optical coherence tomography.Eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(n=132)from 89 patients were analyzed.Eyes were classified as having normal BCVA(n=88[66.7%],Snellen equivalent≥20/20)or decreased BCVA(n=44[33.3%],Snellen equivalent<20/20).The prevalence of ischemia,neurodegeneration,and subclinical edema was explored in patients with and without decreased BCVA,and correlations between BCVA and these pathological pathways were determined.Results:Vessel density in the deep retinal capillary plexus(DRCP)and thickness of ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer(GCL-IPL)were significantly lower in eyes with decreased BCVA compared with eyes with normal BCVA(both P<0.05).In the final multiple regression predictive model,age,DRCP vessel density,and GCL-IPL thickness(all P≤0.044)were predictors of BCVA.DRCP vessel density and GCL-IPL thickness have an interactive effect on visual acuity.The proportions of ischemia and neurodegeneration were significantly higher in eyes with decreased BCVA than in eyes with normal BCVA(P=0.001 and P=0.004,respectively).Conclusion:During the natural course of the early stages of DR,ischemia and neurodegeneration were the main disease pathways associated with visual acuity,and the mechanisms varied among patients.展开更多
This study uses a sample of 236 employees in 71 departments, and analyzes the data with a structural equation modeling （SEM）. Results support the theoretical framework of Van Dyne et al. （1995）, which proposed fou...This study uses a sample of 236 employees in 71 departments, and analyzes the data with a structural equation modeling （SEM）. Results support the theoretical framework of Van Dyne et al. （1995）, which proposed four specific extra-role behaviors categorized by two dimensions. The findings also support the assumption that organizational structure affects fairness perceptions and extra-role behaviors of employees. The mediation effect of fairness perceptions on the relationship between organizational structure and extra-role behaviors is supported partially.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Project of Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2019C03045)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171016)Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(2018ZY016)。
文摘Purpose:We investigated the effects of retinal ischemia,neurodegeneration,and subclinical edema on best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:Ischemia was evaluated by the microvascular parameters measured by optical coherence tomography angiography.Neurodegeneration and subclinical edema were identified by the intraretinal layer thickness obtained by optical coherence tomography.Eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(n=132)from 89 patients were analyzed.Eyes were classified as having normal BCVA(n=88[66.7%],Snellen equivalent≥20/20)or decreased BCVA(n=44[33.3%],Snellen equivalent<20/20).The prevalence of ischemia,neurodegeneration,and subclinical edema was explored in patients with and without decreased BCVA,and correlations between BCVA and these pathological pathways were determined.Results:Vessel density in the deep retinal capillary plexus(DRCP)and thickness of ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer(GCL-IPL)were significantly lower in eyes with decreased BCVA compared with eyes with normal BCVA(both P<0.05).In the final multiple regression predictive model,age,DRCP vessel density,and GCL-IPL thickness(all P≤0.044)were predictors of BCVA.DRCP vessel density and GCL-IPL thickness have an interactive effect on visual acuity.The proportions of ischemia and neurodegeneration were significantly higher in eyes with decreased BCVA than in eyes with normal BCVA(P=0.001 and P=0.004,respectively).Conclusion:During the natural course of the early stages of DR,ischemia and neurodegeneration were the main disease pathways associated with visual acuity,and the mechanisms varied among patients.
文摘This study uses a sample of 236 employees in 71 departments, and analyzes the data with a structural equation modeling （SEM）. Results support the theoretical framework of Van Dyne et al. （1995）, which proposed four specific extra-role behaviors categorized by two dimensions. The findings also support the assumption that organizational structure affects fairness perceptions and extra-role behaviors of employees. The mediation effect of fairness perceptions on the relationship between organizational structure and extra-role behaviors is supported partially.
