Phytoextraction is a promising option for purifying hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))-laden wastewater,but the long remediation period incurred by poor growth rate of Cr hyperaccumulators remains a primary hindrance to its ...Phytoextraction is a promising option for purifying hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))-laden wastewater,but the long remediation period incurred by poor growth rate of Cr hyperaccumulators remains a primary hindrance to its large-scale application.In this study,we performed a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the feasibility of promoting the growth and phytoextraction efficiency of Cr hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz(L.hexandra)by inoculating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)Bacillus cereus(B.cereus).In batch tests,the Cr(Ⅵ)removal rates of L.hexandra and B.cereus co-culture were greater than the sum of their respective monocultures.This was likely due to the microbial reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ),which is amiable to plant uptake.Besides,the PGPR factors of B.cereus,including indoleacetic acid(IAA)production,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deamination(ACCd)activity,phosphate solubilization capacity,and siderophore production,were quantified.These PGPR factors helped explain the biomass augmentation,root elongation and enhanced Cr enrichment of the inoculated L.hexandra in pot experiments.Despite the increased Cr uptake,no aggravated oxidative damage to the cell membrane was observed in the inoculated L.hexandra.This was attributed to its capacity to confront the increased intracellular Cr stress by upregulating both the activities of antioxidative enzymes and expression of metal-binding proteins/peptides.Moreover,L.hexandra could always conserve the majority of Cr in the residual and oxalic integrated forms with low mobility and phytotoxicity,irrespective of the B.cereus inoculation.These results highlight the constructed Cr hyperaccumulatorrhizobacteria consortia as an effective candidate for decontaminating Cr(Ⅵ)-laden wastewater.展开更多
Background:This study aims to examine interocular differences in the choroidal thickness and vascular density of the choriocapillaris in anisometropic myopes and to further explore the relationship between choroidal b...Background:This study aims to examine interocular differences in the choroidal thickness and vascular density of the choriocapillaris in anisometropic myopes and to further explore the relationship between choroidal blood flow and myopia.Methods:The sample comprised 44 participants with anisometropic myopia,aged 9 to 18 years,with normal bestcorrected visual acuity.All participants underwent a series of examinations,including spherical equivalent refraction(SER)and axial length(AL),measured by a Lenstar optical biometer and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)scanner.OCT measured the choroidal thickness,vascular density,and flow voids of the choriocapillaris,and a customized algorithm was implemented in MATLAB R2017a with the post-correction of AL.The choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea and 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,and 3.0 mm nasally,temporally,inferiorly,and superiorly to the fovea.The vascular density and the flow voids of the choriocapillaris were measured at a 0.6-mm-diameter central circle,and the 0.6-2.5 mm diameter circle in the nasal,temporal,inferior,and superior regions.Repeated-measured ANOVAs were used to analyze the interocular differences.Partial correlations with the K value and age adjustments were used to study the relationships between the choroidal thickness,the choriocapillaris vascular density and flow voids,the SER and AL.Results:The choroidal thickness of the more myopic eyes was significantly thinner than less myopic eyes(P≤0.001),and the flow voids in the more myopic eyes were more than less myopic eyes(P=0.002).There was no significant difference in the vascular density of the choriocapillaris between the more and less myopic eyes(P=0.525).However,when anisometropia was more than 1.50 D,the vascular density of choriocapillaris in the more myopic eyes was significantly less than the less myopic eyes(P=0.026).The interocular difference of the choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with the interocular difference in SER and AL in the center,superior,and inferior regions but not in the nasal or temporal regions.The interocular differences of the vascular density and the flow voids of the choriocapillaris were not correlated with the interocular difference of SER and AL.Conclusions:The choroidal thickness is thinner in the more myopic eyes.The flow void is increased,and the vascular density of the choriocapillaris is reduced in the more myopic eyes of children with anisometropia exceeding 1.50 D.展开更多
Background:It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses(MFSCLs)affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes.The aim of this study was,therefore,to investigate the effect of MF...Background:It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses(MFSCLs)affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes.The aim of this study was,therefore,to investigate the effect of MFSCLs on visual quality among juvenile myopia subjects.Methods:In a prospective,intervention study,thirty-three juvenile myopes were enrolled.Visual perception was assessed by a quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire with spectacles at baseline and after 1 month of MFSCL wear.At the one-month visit,the high(96%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance HCVA)and low(10%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance LCVA)were measured with single vision spectacle lenses,single vision soft contact lenses(SVSCLs)and MFSCLs in a random order.Wavefront aberrations were measured with SVSCLs,with MFSCLs,and without any correction.Results:Neither distance HCVA(p>0.05)nor distance LCVA(p>0.05)revealed any significant difference between MFSCLs,SVSCLs and single vision spectacle lenses.The overall score(the sum of ten symptoms)of the QoV questionnaire did not show a statistically significant difference between spectacles at baseline and after 1 month of MFSCL wear(p=0.357).The results showed that the frequency(p<0.001),severity(p=0.001)and bothersome degree(p=0.016)of halos were significantly worse when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single vision spectacle lenses.In contrast,the bothersome degree caused by focusing difficulty(p=0.046)and the frequency of difficulty in judging distance or depth perception(p=0.046)were better when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single vision spectacle lenses.Compared with the naked eye,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(p<0.001),higher-order aberrations(p<0.001),trefoil(p=0.023),coma aberrations(p<0.001)and spherical aberrations(SA)(p<0.001).Compared with the SVSCLs,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(p<0.001),higher-order aberrations(p<0.001),coma aberrations(p<0.001)and SA(p<0.001).The direction of SA was more positive(p<0.001)with the MFSCLs and more negative(p=0.001)with the SVSCLs compared with the naked eye.Conclusions:Wearing MFSCLs can provide satisfactory corrected visual acuity(both distance HCVA and distance LCVA).Although the lenses increased the aberrations,such as total aberrations and higher-order aberrations,there were few adverse effects on the distance HCVA,distance LCVA and visual perception after 1 month of MFSCL use.展开更多
Background:It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses(MFSCLs)affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes.The aim of this study was,therefore,to investigate the effect of MF...Background:It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses(MFSCLs)affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes.The aim of this study was,therefore,to investigate the effect of MFSCLs on visual quality among juvenile myopia subjects.Methods:In a prospective,intervention study,33 juvenile myopes were enrolled.Visual perception was assessed by a quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire with spectacles at baseline and after one month of MFSCL wear.At the one month visit,the high(96%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance HCVA)and low(10%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance LCVA)were measured with single-vision spectacle lenses,single-vision soft contact lenses(SVSCLs)and MFSCLs in a random order.Wavefront aberrations Were measured with SVSCLs,MFSCLs and,without anycorrection.Results:Neither distance HCVA(P>0.05)nor distance LCVA(P>0.05)revealed any significant difference between MFSCLs,SVSCLs and single-vision spectacle lenses.The overall score(the sum of ten symptoms)of the QoV questionnaire did not show a statistically significant difference between spectacles at baseline and after one month of MFSCL wear(P=0.357).The results showed that the frequency(P<0.001),severity(P=0.001)and bothersome degree(P=0.016)of halos were significantly worse when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single-vision spectacle lenses.In contrast,the bothersome degree caused by focusing difficulty(P=0.046)and the frequency of difficulty in judging distance or depth perception(P=0.046)were better when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single-vision spectacle lenses.Compared with the naked eye,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(P<0.001),higher-order aberrations(P<0.001),trefoil(P=0.023),coma aberrations(P<0.001)and spherical aberrations(SA)(P<0.001).Compared with the SVSCLs,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(P<0.001),higher-order aberrations(P<0.001),coma aberrations(P<0.001)and SA(P<0.001).The direction of SA was more positive(P<0.001)with the MFSCLs and more negative(P=0.001)with the SVSCLs compared with the naked eye.Conclusions:Wearing MFSCLs can provide satisfactory corrected visual acuity(both distance HCVA and distance LCVA).Although the lenses increased the aberrations,such as total aberrations and higher-order aberrations,there were few adverse effects on the distance HCVA,distance LCVA and visual perception after one month of MFSCL Wear.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52000046,52100034,52170154,and 52070051)the Special Project of Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent(Nos.GuiKe AD20297009 and GuiKe AD20297007)the Middle-aged and Young Teachers’Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi(Nos.2020KY05039 and 2021KY0221).
文摘Phytoextraction is a promising option for purifying hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ))-laden wastewater,but the long remediation period incurred by poor growth rate of Cr hyperaccumulators remains a primary hindrance to its large-scale application.In this study,we performed a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the feasibility of promoting the growth and phytoextraction efficiency of Cr hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz(L.hexandra)by inoculating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)Bacillus cereus(B.cereus).In batch tests,the Cr(Ⅵ)removal rates of L.hexandra and B.cereus co-culture were greater than the sum of their respective monocultures.This was likely due to the microbial reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ),which is amiable to plant uptake.Besides,the PGPR factors of B.cereus,including indoleacetic acid(IAA)production,1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deamination(ACCd)activity,phosphate solubilization capacity,and siderophore production,were quantified.These PGPR factors helped explain the biomass augmentation,root elongation and enhanced Cr enrichment of the inoculated L.hexandra in pot experiments.Despite the increased Cr uptake,no aggravated oxidative damage to the cell membrane was observed in the inoculated L.hexandra.This was attributed to its capacity to confront the increased intracellular Cr stress by upregulating both the activities of antioxidative enzymes and expression of metal-binding proteins/peptides.Moreover,L.hexandra could always conserve the majority of Cr in the residual and oxalic integrated forms with low mobility and phytotoxicity,irrespective of the B.cereus inoculation.These results highlight the constructed Cr hyperaccumulatorrhizobacteria consortia as an effective candidate for decontaminating Cr(Ⅵ)-laden wastewater.
基金supported by the Health Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province(2018KY542 and 2021KY808)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C03102).
文摘Background:This study aims to examine interocular differences in the choroidal thickness and vascular density of the choriocapillaris in anisometropic myopes and to further explore the relationship between choroidal blood flow and myopia.Methods:The sample comprised 44 participants with anisometropic myopia,aged 9 to 18 years,with normal bestcorrected visual acuity.All participants underwent a series of examinations,including spherical equivalent refraction(SER)and axial length(AL),measured by a Lenstar optical biometer and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)scanner.OCT measured the choroidal thickness,vascular density,and flow voids of the choriocapillaris,and a customized algorithm was implemented in MATLAB R2017a with the post-correction of AL.The choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea and 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,and 3.0 mm nasally,temporally,inferiorly,and superiorly to the fovea.The vascular density and the flow voids of the choriocapillaris were measured at a 0.6-mm-diameter central circle,and the 0.6-2.5 mm diameter circle in the nasal,temporal,inferior,and superior regions.Repeated-measured ANOVAs were used to analyze the interocular differences.Partial correlations with the K value and age adjustments were used to study the relationships between the choroidal thickness,the choriocapillaris vascular density and flow voids,the SER and AL.Results:The choroidal thickness of the more myopic eyes was significantly thinner than less myopic eyes(P≤0.001),and the flow voids in the more myopic eyes were more than less myopic eyes(P=0.002).There was no significant difference in the vascular density of the choriocapillaris between the more and less myopic eyes(P=0.525).However,when anisometropia was more than 1.50 D,the vascular density of choriocapillaris in the more myopic eyes was significantly less than the less myopic eyes(P=0.026).The interocular difference of the choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with the interocular difference in SER and AL in the center,superior,and inferior regions but not in the nasal or temporal regions.The interocular differences of the vascular density and the flow voids of the choriocapillaris were not correlated with the interocular difference of SER and AL.Conclusions:The choroidal thickness is thinner in the more myopic eyes.The flow void is increased,and the vascular density of the choriocapillaris is reduced in the more myopic eyes of children with anisometropia exceeding 1.50 D.
基金This study was supported by the Health Department of Zhejiang Province(Medical and health projects of Zhejiang 2018KY542).
文摘Background:It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses(MFSCLs)affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes.The aim of this study was,therefore,to investigate the effect of MFSCLs on visual quality among juvenile myopia subjects.Methods:In a prospective,intervention study,thirty-three juvenile myopes were enrolled.Visual perception was assessed by a quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire with spectacles at baseline and after 1 month of MFSCL wear.At the one-month visit,the high(96%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance HCVA)and low(10%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance LCVA)were measured with single vision spectacle lenses,single vision soft contact lenses(SVSCLs)and MFSCLs in a random order.Wavefront aberrations were measured with SVSCLs,with MFSCLs,and without any correction.Results:Neither distance HCVA(p>0.05)nor distance LCVA(p>0.05)revealed any significant difference between MFSCLs,SVSCLs and single vision spectacle lenses.The overall score(the sum of ten symptoms)of the QoV questionnaire did not show a statistically significant difference between spectacles at baseline and after 1 month of MFSCL wear(p=0.357).The results showed that the frequency(p<0.001),severity(p=0.001)and bothersome degree(p=0.016)of halos were significantly worse when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single vision spectacle lenses.In contrast,the bothersome degree caused by focusing difficulty(p=0.046)and the frequency of difficulty in judging distance or depth perception(p=0.046)were better when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single vision spectacle lenses.Compared with the naked eye,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(p<0.001),higher-order aberrations(p<0.001),trefoil(p=0.023),coma aberrations(p<0.001)and spherical aberrations(SA)(p<0.001).Compared with the SVSCLs,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(p<0.001),higher-order aberrations(p<0.001),coma aberrations(p<0.001)and SA(p<0.001).The direction of SA was more positive(p<0.001)with the MFSCLs and more negative(p=0.001)with the SVSCLs compared with the naked eye.Conclusions:Wearing MFSCLs can provide satisfactory corrected visual acuity(both distance HCVA and distance LCVA).Although the lenses increased the aberrations,such as total aberrations and higher-order aberrations,there were few adverse effects on the distance HCVA,distance LCVA and visual perception after 1 month of MFSCL use.
基金This study was supported by the Health Department of Zhejiang Province(Medical and health projects of Zhejiang 2018KY542).
文摘Background:It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses(MFSCLs)affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes.The aim of this study was,therefore,to investigate the effect of MFSCLs on visual quality among juvenile myopia subjects.Methods:In a prospective,intervention study,33 juvenile myopes were enrolled.Visual perception was assessed by a quality of vision(QoV)questionnaire with spectacles at baseline and after one month of MFSCL wear.At the one month visit,the high(96%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance HCVA)and low(10%)contrast distance visual acuity(distance LCVA)were measured with single-vision spectacle lenses,single-vision soft contact lenses(SVSCLs)and MFSCLs in a random order.Wavefront aberrations Were measured with SVSCLs,MFSCLs and,without anycorrection.Results:Neither distance HCVA(P>0.05)nor distance LCVA(P>0.05)revealed any significant difference between MFSCLs,SVSCLs and single-vision spectacle lenses.The overall score(the sum of ten symptoms)of the QoV questionnaire did not show a statistically significant difference between spectacles at baseline and after one month of MFSCL wear(P=0.357).The results showed that the frequency(P<0.001),severity(P=0.001)and bothersome degree(P=0.016)of halos were significantly worse when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single-vision spectacle lenses.In contrast,the bothersome degree caused by focusing difficulty(P=0.046)and the frequency of difficulty in judging distance or depth perception(P=0.046)were better when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single-vision spectacle lenses.Compared with the naked eye,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(P<0.001),higher-order aberrations(P<0.001),trefoil(P=0.023),coma aberrations(P<0.001)and spherical aberrations(SA)(P<0.001).Compared with the SVSCLs,MFSCLs increased the total aberrations(P<0.001),higher-order aberrations(P<0.001),coma aberrations(P<0.001)and SA(P<0.001).The direction of SA was more positive(P<0.001)with the MFSCLs and more negative(P=0.001)with the SVSCLs compared with the naked eye.Conclusions:Wearing MFSCLs can provide satisfactory corrected visual acuity(both distance HCVA and distance LCVA).Although the lenses increased the aberrations,such as total aberrations and higher-order aberrations,there were few adverse effects on the distance HCVA,distance LCVA and visual perception after one month of MFSCL Wear.