Genetic diversity and differentiation of masu salmon(Oncorhynchus masou masou) between and within cultured populations inferred from microsatellite DNA analysis

Masu salmon,Oncorhynchus masou masou,is one of the most valuable fishery species that has been introduced to China,though to date no studies on the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among hatchery populations has been performed with molecular markers.We undertook such a study and sampled 120 individuals from three hatchery stocks and analyzed 20 microsatellite loci.All loci were polymorphic and a total of 91 alleles were detected.A relatively low level of genetic diversity was revealed with effective number of allele of 3.1094,3.3299 and 3.1894 and expected heterozygosity of 0.6600,0.6648 and 0.6638 in the three stocks,respectively.Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found due to heterozygote deficit.Accordingly,evidence of genetic bottlenecks were found in the three stocks.An individual assignment test demonstrated that 85% of individuals were correctly assigned into their original stocks.Pairwise Fst revealed that significant differentiation occurred between these three stocks.The results of the study indicated that disequilibrium of genetic structure and differentiation has occurred in all three stocks.This information collectively provides a basis for measures to avoid of loss of genetic diversity and introgression in Chinese aquaculture.

Environmental Impact of Capital Expansion Under Economic Imbalance: Evidence from China

At present, along with China's booming economic development, environmental pollution is increasing. This paper first uses the entropy weight method to calculate the comprehensive indicators of environmental pollution, takes 30 provinces in China (except Tibet) as the research object and uses the provincial panel data covering the years 2000-2015, to explores the impact of capital expansion on environmental pollution under the condition of unbalanced economic development in China. The results show that the more serious the unbalanced growth of sectoral economy is, the more distorted China's capital expansion will be, and distorted capital expansion will further aggravate environmental pollution. Finally, based on the empirical research results of this paper, the policy recommendations for improving the environment are proposed from the perspective of capital expansion.

The Impact of Industrial Agglomeration on Carbon Emission Intensity:Evidence from China

The paper measures the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of different Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2012,then analyses the spatial features and dynamic evolution of carbon emission intensity through exploratory spatial data analysis,to explore its clustering characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic evolution.The effect of industrial agglomeration on the carbon emission intensity in China is estimated by using spatial econometric model.According to the research,three new findings are revealed as follows:firstly,inter-provincial carbon emission intensity in middle-west and northeast areas is much higher than southeast areas in China.Secondly,the spatial domain dependence and difference of China's inter-provincial carbon intensity exist simultaneously.Thirdly,the elastic coefficient of carbon intensity for industrial agglomeration change is between-0.228%and-0.37%.On the basis of these conclusions,the paper will put forward several policy recommendations according to empirical study.