Spatial transcriptomics reveals that metabolic characteristics define the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment via iCAF transformation in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Tumor progression is closely related to tumor tissue metabolism and reshaping of the microenvironment. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a representative hypoxic tumor, has a heterogeneous internal metabolic environment. To clarify the relationship between different metabolic regions and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in OSCC, Single cell (SC) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) sequencing of OSCC tissues were performed. The proportion of TME in the ST data was obtained through SPOTlight deconvolution using SC and GSE103322 data. The metabolic activity of each spot was calculated using scMetabolism,and k-means clustering was used to classify all spots into hyper-, normal-, or hypometabolic regions. CD4T cell infiltration and TGF-βexpression is higher in the hypermetabolic regions than in the others. Through CellPhoneDB and NicheNet cell-cell communication analysis, it was found that in the hypermetabolic region, fibroblasts can utilize the lactate produced by glycolysis of epithelial cells to transform into inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs), and the increased expression of HIF1A in iCAFs promotes the transcriptional expression of CXCL12. The secretion of CXCL12 recruits regulatory T cells (Tregs), leading to Treg infiltration and increased TGF-β secretion in the microenvironment and promotes the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. This study delineates the coordinate work axis of epithelial cells-iCAFs-Tregs in OSCC using SC, ST and TCGA bulk data, and highlights potential targets for therapy.

Ignition processes and characteristics of charring conductive polymers with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber for applications in micro/nano satellite hybrid rocket motors

The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of micro/nano satellite.However,charring polymers alone need a relatively high input voltage to achieve pyrolysis and ignition,which increases the burden and cost of the power system of micro/nano satellite in practical application.Adding conductive substance into charring polymers can effectively decrease the conducting voltage which can realize low voltage and low power consumption repeated ignition of arc ignition system.In this paper,a charring conductive polymer ignition grain with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber,which is composed of PLA and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)was proposed.The detailed ignition processes were analyzed and two different ignition mechanisms in the cavity of charring conductive polymers were revealed.The ignition characteristics of charring conductive polymers were also investigated at different input voltages,ignition grain structures,ignition locations and injection schemes in a visual ignition combustor.The results demonstrated that the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition were inversely correlated with the voltages applied to ignition grain.Moreover,the incremental depth of cavity shortened the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition while accelerated the propagation of flame.As the depth of cavity increased from 2 to 6 mm(at 50 V),the time of flame propagating out of ignition grain changed from 235.6 to 108 ms,and values of mean ignition delay time and mean external energy required for ignition decreased from 462.8 to 320 ms and 16.2 to 10.75 J,respectively.The rear side of the cavity was the ideal ignition position which had a shorter ignition delay and a faster flame propagation speed in comparison to other ignition positions.Compared to direct injection scheme,swirling injection provided a more favorable flow field environment in the cavity,which was beneficial to ignition and initial flame propagation,but the ignition position needed to be away from the outlet of swirling injector.At last,the repeated ignition characteristic of charring conductive polymers was also investigated.The ignition delay time and external energy required for ignition decreased with repeated ignition times but the variation was decreasing gradually.

大电流密度过渡金属硫族化合物析氢催化剂界面工程展望

氢能是未来可持续社会中理想的能量载体,利用可再生能源电解水制取绿氢的技术受到研究人员的广泛关注.电解水制绿氢技术由实验室向工业应用跨越的前提是发展大电流密度下性能优异且稳定的电催化剂.析氢反应(HER)是一种非均相反应,涉及催化剂-基底、催化剂-电解液、催化剂-气体三个界面.界面性质会影响电化学传质行为、电荷传输行为和催化剂的力学性质,从而影响大电流密度下制氢性能.因此,优化界面结构和性质是提升大电流密度下电解水催化剂性能并解决电解水技术工业应用挑战的关键.二维过渡金属硫族化合物(TMDCs)具有电子结构可调、活性位点丰富、合成方法多样等优势,自1976年首次应用于光电催化水分解反应、加氢脱硫反应以来,已有大量工作报道了TMDCs催化剂应用于HER.本文以TMDCs催化剂为例研究界面工程对大电流密度下HER的提升作用及机制.探讨了电化学反应中上述三个界面上发生的物理化学过程,系统分析了大电流密度下质量传输、电荷传输速率受限和力学强度不足三方面挑战,并总结了适用于大电流密度的催化剂性能描述符.分别归纳了针对以上三个界面的界面工程策略及相应作用,简要概括为:(1)催化剂-基底界面结合力增强、界面电阻降低、界面电子结构调控等策略;(2)催化剂-电解液界面形貌调控、表面化学、电解液环境调控等策略;(3)催化剂-气体界面疏气性调控、外场作用等策略.从反应机理研究、膜电极界面设计及电解槽界面性质调控三个角度对电解水反应界面工程未来的发展与应用提出了建议及展望.在反应机理方面,大电流条件下的界面性质如界面电阻、传质行为等仍需更深入的认识.在膜电极中,催化剂、离子交换膜、离子型聚合物、气体扩散层所形成的多元界面,尤其是催化剂-膜界面、催化剂-气体扩散层界面的结构仍需进一步优化以提升膜电极的活性及稳定性.在电解槽界面性质调控方面,催化剂-基底界面结合力等参数与催化剂寿命间的关系,电解过程中界面处的温度场及流场分布,适配于实际生产系统的电流密度等仍需深入研究.综上,本文从基本物理化学过程、策略及作用、挑战与展望等多个方面介绍了界面工程.本文有助于研究人员理解非均相电化学反应过程中界面的重要作用,提出催化剂、膜电极、电解槽界面设计新策略,并开发新型表征方法以深入对界面性质的认识,推动高效电解水技术的开发及应用.

甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯改性乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物封装胶膜

以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、苯乙烯(St)和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)为接枝单体,熔融接枝乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物(POE)制备POE-g-P(HEMA-co-St)(以下简称POE-g-PHS)和POE-g-P(HEMA-co-St-co-KH570)(以下简称POE-g-PHSK)。以过氧化-2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯(TBEC)为交联剂、POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK为改性剂,分别加入POE基材中,经熔融共混和层压交联制备POE/POE-g-PHS胶膜和POE/POE-g-PHSK胶膜,研究了POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK对胶膜的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK含量的增加,POE预制膜的防交联剂迁移能力明显提升;同时,POE胶膜交联度的提升和结晶度的变化也影响其综合性能。当POE-g-PHS和POE-g-PHSK质量分数分别为9%和6%时,综合性能最优。预制膜表面摩擦系数变化率从17.13%分别降低到0.53%和0.49%,胶膜交联度从86.28%分别提高至89.87%和90.91%,剥离强度从12.86 N/cm分别提升至20.86 N/cm和32.14N/cm,同时,抗紫外老化性能、力学性能和体积电阻率等性能均有提升。

FUT8-mediated aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression

SEMA7A belongs to the Semaphorin family and is involved in the oncogenesis and tumor progression.Aberrant glycosylation has been intricately linked with immune escape and tumor growth.SEMA7A is a highly glycosylated protein with five glycosylated sites.The underlying mechanisms of SEMA7A glycosylation and its contribution to immunosuppression and tumorigenesis are unclear.Here,we identify overexpression and aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,and elucidate fucosyltransferase FUT8 catalyzes aberrant core fucosylation in SEMA7A at N-linked oligosaccharides(Asn 105,157,258,330,and 602)via a direct protein‒protein interaction.A glycosylated statue of SEMA7A is necessary for its intra-cellular trafficking from the cytoplasm to the cytomembrane.Cytokine EGF triggers SEMA7A N-glycosylation through increasing the binding affinity of SEMA7A toward FUT8,whereas TGF-β1 promotes abnormal glycosylation of SEMA7A via induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition.Aberrant N-glycosylation of SEMA7A leads to the differentiation of CD8^(+)T cells along a trajectory toward an exhausted state,thus shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and being resistant immunogenic cell death.Deglycosylation of SEMA7A significantly improves the clinical outcome of EGFR-targeted and anti-PD-L1-based immunotherapy.Finally,we also define RBM4,a splice regulator,as a downstream effector of glycosylated SEMA7A and a pivotal mediator of PD-L1 alternative splicing.These findings suggest that targeting FUT8-SEMA7A axis might be a promising strategy for improving antitumor responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Promising outcomes 5 weeks after a surgical cervical shunting procedure to unclog cerebral lymphatic systems in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease

Recently,the glymphatic system has been recognised as an important‘waste solutes transport channel’within the brain.1 Studies have shown that blockage of the glymphatic system leads to increased beta-amyloid deposits,accelerating the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).12 Given that cervical lymph nodes receive cerebrospinal fluid from the brain’s glymphatic system,34 we speculated that decompression of the lymphatic trunk and cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis(LVA)could facilitate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial glymphatic system,potentially accelerating the clearance of harmful beta-amyloid and tau proteins.We collaborated with surgeons who specialise in LVA supermicrosurgery for maxillofacial tumours and lymphoedema to develop a procedure to relieve the blockage of the glymphatic system.This surgery employs supermicrosurgery techniques to create LVA connecting the bilateral cervical,deep lymphatic vessels to the veins,resulting in lymphatic trunk decompression,which allows the lymph fluid in the high-pressure lymphatic vessels to flow into the low-pressure venous system.The goal of the minimally invasive surgery is to enhance the removal of proteins,such as beta-amyloid and tau,from the brain’s lymphatic systems to the maxillofacial lymphatic vessels,unclogging protein blockages within the brain.This extracranial procedure is safer than intracranial approaches.

含硅氧烷超滑表面的制备及其性能

文中利用端氨基聚硅氧烷(APT-PDMS)和顺丁烯二酸酐酯化β-环糊精(β-CD-MAH)进行反应,再通过金属配位反应引入铁离子,制备了聚硅氧烷-顺丁烯二酸酐酯化β-环糊精(APT-PDMS-co-β-CD-MAH)。分别通过红外光谱、核磁共振、紫外分光光度计检验了聚合物的组成与结构。采用操作简单、低成本的呼吸图法创新性地制备了特殊多层次孔结构膜,通过静态接触角测试仪测试了多孔结构膜的疏水性能,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜观察了多孔结构膜的表面形貌。结果表明,当APT-PDMS相对分子质量为3504、APT-PDMS与β-CDMAH的摩尔比为3∶1、聚合物浓度为25 mg/mL时制备的多孔基底及SLIPS性能最佳,该多孔基材结构中的大孔包含2~3个小孔,且小孔内还包含多个纳米级孔洞,静态接触角大于150°。灌入硅油后,滑动角小于10°,且该超滑表面(SLIPS)具有良好的稳定性、自清洁性、防冰抗冻及抗细菌黏附性。

ZIF-8-based micro-arc oxidation composite coatings enhanced the corrosion resistance and superhydrophobicity of a Mg alloy

Mg alloys are considered the most promising engineering materials because of their unique properties.However,the uncontrolled corrosion rate of these alloys limits their applications.Therefore,in this study,a micro-arc oxidation layer was used as a transition layer to“directly”grow a zinc-based metal-organic framework(MOF)composite coating on the surface of a Mg alloy(AZ91D).Herein,the two zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-8)coatings with different morphologies were separately prepared by homologous metal oxide induction and a one-step in-situ growth method.The superhydrophobic composite coating showed strong hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties,which could prevent the penetration of water and corrosive ions(Cl^(−))into the surface of AZ91D.Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the super-hydrophobic composite coatings greatly enhanced the corrosion resistance of AZ91D,and the corrosion current density decreased from 10^(−5)to 10^(−9)A/cm^(2).These results indicate that the ZIF-8 coatings are beneficial for improving the hydrophobicity and enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys.Therefore,MOF composite coatings provide a new strategy that can be used to prepare multifunctional anticorrosion coatings on metal substrates.

Achieving highly selective electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4) on Cu nanosheets

The conversion of CO_(2)into value-added chemicals coupled with the storage of intermittent renewable electricity is attractive.CuO nanosheets with an average size and thickness of~30 and~20 nm have been developed,which are in situ reduced into Cu nanosheets during electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(ECO_(2)RR).The derived Cu nanosheets demonstrate much higher selectivity for C2H4production than commercial CuO derived Cu powder,with an optimum Faradaic efficiency of 56.2%and a partial current density of C_(2)H_(4)as large as 171.0 mA cm^(-2)in a gas diffusion flow cell.The operando attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements and density functional theory simulations illustrate that the high activity and selectivity of Cu nanosheets originate from the edge sites on Cu nanosheets with a coordinate number around 5(4–6),which facilitates the formation of^(*)CHO rather than^(*)COH intermediate,meanwhile boosting the C-C coupling reaction of^(*)CO and^(*)CHO intermediates,which are the critical steps for C_(2)H_(4)formation.

A biomimetic nanoplatform for customized photothermal therapy of HNSCC evaluated on patient-derived xenograft models

Cancer cell membrane(CCM)derived nanotechnology functionalizes nanoparticles(NPs)to recognize homologous cells,exhibiting translational potential in accurate tumor therapy.However,these nanoplatforms are majorly generated from fixed cell lines and are typically evaluated in cell line-derived subcutaneous-xenografts(CDX),ignoring the tumor heterogeneity and differentiation from inter-and intra-individuals and microenvironments between heterotopic-and orthotopic-tumors,limiting the therapeutic efficiency of such nanoplatforms.Herein,various biomimetic nanoplatforms(CCM-modified gold@Carbon,i.e.,Au@C-CCM)were fabricated by coating CCMs of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)cell lines and patient-derived cells on the surface of Au@C NP.The generated Au@C-CCMs were evaluated on corresponding CDX,tongue orthotopic xenograft(TOX),immunecompetent primary and distant tumor models,and patient-derived xenograft(PDX)models.The Au@C-CCM generates a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 44.2% for primary HNSCC therapy and induced immunotherapy to inhibit metastasis via photothermal therapy-induced immunogenic cell death.The homologous CCM endowed the nanoplatforms with optimal targeting properties for the highest therapeutic efficiency,far above those with mismatched CCMs,resulting in distinct tumor ablation and tumor growth inhibition in all four models.This work reinforces the feasibility of biomimetic NPs combining modular designed CMs and functional cores for customized treatment of HNSCC,can be further extended to other malignant tumors therapy.

含硅有机-无机杂化光学增透膜的制备与性能

以溶胶凝胶法制备了γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)、甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)改性的纳米二氧化硅(SiO_(2));通过开环反应制备了乙烯基封端的聚硅氧烷(V-PDMS),再将两者单独及共同与丙烯酸酯类MMA和HEMA共聚,制备了3种聚合物,通过提拉浸渍法将聚合物涂覆在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜上。红外光谱表明成功制备了V-PDMS和功能化纳米SiO_(2)。研究了功能化纳米SiO_(2)的粒径与含量、V-PDMS含量对PET膜表面性能的影响。紫外分光光度计和透光率/雾度测定仪测试表明,薄膜透光率随着SiO_(2)和V-PDMS含量的增加而增加;接触角测试仪表明,水接触角随着两者含量的增加而增加。当共聚物中V-PDMS的含量为40%、SiO_(2)含量为1%时,透光率最高达到94.5%。

Development of a fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting model for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas

A 72-h fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting system was developed for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas. The forecasting model domain covers from from 15°S to 45°N in latitude and 99°E to135°E in longitude including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Indonesian seas. To get precise initial conditions for the coupled forecasting model, the forecasting system conducts a 24-h hindcast simulation with data assimilation before forecasting. The Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter(EAKF) data assimilation method was adopted for the wave model MASNUM with assimilating Jason-2 significant wave height(SWH) data. The EAKF data assimilation method was also introduced to the ROMS model with assimilating sea surface temperature(SST), mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT) and Argo profiles data. To improve simulation of the structure of temperature and salinity, the vertical mixing scheme of the ocean model was improved by considering the surface wave induced vertical mixing and internal wave induced vertical mixing. The wave and current models were integrated from January 2014 to October 2015 driven by the ECMWF reanalysis 6 hourly mean dataset with data assimilation. Then the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean forecasting system was carried out 14 months operational running since November 2015. The forecasting outputs include atmospheric forecast products, wave forecast products and ocean forecast products. A series of observation data are used to evaluate the coupled forecasting results, including the wind, SHW, ocean temperature and velocity.The forecasting results are in good agreement with observation data. The prediction practice for more than one year indicates that the coupled forecasting system performs stably and predict relatively accurate, which can support the shipping safety, the fisheries and the oil exploitation.

Production, structure, and bioactivity of polysaccharide isolated from Tremella fuciformis

Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide(TFP) is an important bioactive substance in T. fuciformis, which contributes to its application as medicine and food. In the present work, TFP was extracted with enzymatic combined with wet beating and its physicochemical as well as biological activities were investigated in the study. The result showed that the purity of TFP1 reached 92.14%(m/m). The TFP1, purified by DEAE column, had a molecular weight(Mw) of 5.8 × 10^(3) k Da and consisted mainly of mannose, xylose, fucose, glucose and glucuronic acid at a molar ratio of 1.91 : 0.1 : 2.49 : 6.23 : 0.95. The structure of TFP1 was preliminarily investigated by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic force microscope(AFM) analysis. Moreover, the antioxidant assays showed that TFP1 could scavenge DPPH, ABTS+ and hydroxyl radicals. The excellent water holding capacity of TFP1 implied its application in the food, pharmaceutical andcosmetic industries.

Computer-aided identification of protein targets of four polyphenols in Alzheimer's disease(AD)and validation in a mouse AD model

Natural polyphenols are a large class of phytochemicals with neuroprotective effects. Four polyphenolic compounds: hesperidin, icariin, dihydromyricetin and baicalin were selected to evaluate their effects on Alzheimer's disease(AD). We analyzed by an inverse docking procedure(INVDOCK) the potential protein targets of these polyphenols within the KEGG AD pathway. Consequently, their therapeutic effects were evaluated and compared in a transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. These polyphenols were docked to several targets, including APP, BACE,PSEN, IDE, CASP, calpain and TNF-a, suggesting potential in vivo activities. Five month old transgenic mice were treated with these polyphenols. Icariin and hesperidin restored behavioral deficits and ameliorated Aβ deposits in both the cortex and hippocampus while baicalin and dihydromyricetin showed no substantial effects. Our findings suggest that hesperidin and icariin could be considered potential therapeutic candidates of human AD.

Differences in the Content of Protein and Essential Amino Acids between Different Rice Varieties

Evaluation of the protein content is a major indicator of the nutritional quality of rice,and the protein quality of rice is the best among cereal crops. Essential amino acids play an irreplaceable role in human growth,development and health care. Essential amino acid is a key ingredient to measure the nutritional value of rice. Using the experimental rice processed from the rice variety " Yuzhenxiang" sprayed with plant nutrients( patent number: ZL201110103910. 9),namely high essential amino acid nutritional rice,combined with five kinds of high quality rice imported by COFCO and homegrown " Wuchang rice",we send the samples of the seven kinds of rice to Hunan Food Testing Center,and adopt HPLC method to test the content of protein and eight kinds of essential amino acids. Three bags of rice are randomly selected for each kind of rice,and each bag is a replication. The test results show that there are highly significant differences in the content of essential amino acids between different kinds of rice( F = 246. 29**,P =5 ×10- 71),and there are also highly significant differences in the content between different kinds of essential amino acids( F = 3937. 09**,P = 4 × 10- 146). The test results of protein content indicate that there are highly significant differences in the content of protein between different kinds of rice( F = 3937. 0973. 29**,P =5. 81 ×10- 11),and the test results of lysine content show that there are highly significant differences in the content of lysine between different kinds of rice( F =3937. 0973. 29**,P =5. 81 ×10- 11).

Phenolics and Antioxidant Activities of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

[Objectives] To evaluate the phenolic components of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. and their antioxidant activities from different sources. [Methods] Samples of 35 different sources of H. cordata were collected from Guizhou,and polyphenols,total flavonoids,total chlorogenic acid and 7 kinds of flavonoids( xanthol-3-O-glucoside,hyperoside,quercitrin,rutin,quercetin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin),and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the extracts were determined. Relationship between the contents of phenolics and the DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the extracts were analyzed by SPSS software. [Results] There were some significant differences in polyphenols,total flavonoids,total chlorogenic acid and the seven flavonoids between samples of different habitats,and the contents of polyphenols,total flavonoids and total chlorogenic acid increased linearly with altitude. There was a significant positive correlation between polyphenols,total flavonoids and total chlorogenic acid content and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of extracts. The contents of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside,hyperoside,quercitrin,rutin,quercetin kaempferol and isorhamnetin were positively correlated with the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of the extracts,except for the significant correlation with quercitrin. [Conclusions]The experimental results suggest that the antioxidant capacity of H. cordata is derived from the total contribution of the phenolic components,indicating that these components have overall equivalence of antioxidant capacities. This provides a new research idea for solving the key problems of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Early Screening of Rice Varieties with High Essential Amino Acids by Aseptic Seedling Method

With 5 rice varieties( Yifeng 3321,Yifeng 3315,Yifeng 3317,Yifeng 45,Yifeng 14-24) as the experimental objects,the aseptic seedling method was used to culture the rice seeds,and the HPLC was used to determine the content of amino acids in aseptic rice seedlings as well as the total content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids and the content of protein. And the content of protein and amino acids in the polished rice of 5 varieties was detected,and the analysis of variance was performed for screening of the varieties containing high essential amino acids. The rice with high essential amino acids could be produced to meet people's rice quality requirements. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences( F = 39. 262,p = 0. 01) in the content of essential amino acids among 5 kinds of rice varieties. By the Duncan's multiple comparison,the differences among rice varieties were calculated to obtain screening results. The aseptic seedlings:Yifeng 3321(7. 268),Yifeng 3315(6. 395),Yifeng 3317(5. 698),Yifeng 45(5. 567),Yifeng 14-24(5. 190). Rice: Yifeng 3321(2.998),Yifeng 14-24(2. 627),Yifeng 3317(2. 611),Yifeng 3315(2. 503),Yifeng 45(2. 281). Based on the estimated human daily requirement of essential amino acids and amino acids requirement pattern,it was found that the polished rice of 5 varieties was up to standard.The variety with the highest content of essential amino acids was Yifeng 3317(3830 mg/100g),followed by Yifeng 3321(3770 mg/100 g).The results showed that the high quality rice variety in this experiment was Yifeng 3321.

Deep learning based point cloud registration:an overview

Point cloud registration aims to find a rigid transformation for aligning one point cloud to another.Such registration is a fundamental problem in computer vision and robotics,and has been widely used in various applications,including 3D reconstruction,simultaneous localization and mapping,and autonomous driving.Over the last decades,numerous researchers have devoted themselves to tackling this challenging problem.The success of deep learning in high-level vision tasks has recently been extended to different geometric vision tasks.Various types of deep learning based point cloud registration methods have been proposed to exploit different aspects of the problem.However,a comprehensive overview of these approaches remains missing.To this end,in this paper,we summarize the recent progress in this area and present a comprehensive overview regarding deep learning based point cloud registration.We classify the popular approaches into different categories such as correspondences-based and correspondences-free approaches,with effective modules,i.e.,feature extractor,matching,outlier rejection,and motion estimation modules.Furthermore,we discuss the merits and demerits of such approaches in detail.Finally,we provide a systematic and compact framework for currently proposed methods and discuss directions of future research.

Uncooperative Effect of Hydrogen Bond on Water Dimer

The water dimer demonstrates a completely different protype in water systems,it prefers not forming larger clusters instead existing in vapor phase stably,which contracts the viewpoint of the cooperative effect of hydrogen bond(O-H…O).It is well accepted that the cooperative effect is beneficial to forming more hydrogen bonds(O-H…O),leading to stronger H-bond(H…O) and increase in the O-H bond length with contraction of intermolecular distance.Herein,the high-precision ab initio methods of calculations applied on water dimer shows that the O-H bond length decreases and H-bond(H…O) becomes weaker with decreasing H-bond length and O…O distance,which can be considered as the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond(O-H…O).It is ascribed to the exchange repulsion of electrons,which results in decrease of the O-H bond length and prevents the decrease in the O…O distance connected with the increasing scale of water clusters.Our findings highlight the uncooperative effect of hydrogen bond attributed to exchange repulsion of electrons as the mechanism for stabilizing water dimer in vapor phase,and open a new perspective for studies of hydrogen-bonded systems.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery in China: Past, present and future

China is the most highly populated developing country. As with other scientific disciplines, dentistry (stomatology) is progressively growing since 1949 when the new China was founded. Due to the closing of the country to international discourse for several decades, international counterparts know very little about dentistry or stomatology, including the sub-discipline oral and maxillofacial surgery. This paper is aimed to introduce the scope, give a brief history, update clinical and basic research, and discuss the future of oral and maxillofacial surgery in China. It will hopefully help international colleagues to have an insight into the developmental history, education system, clinical and basic research achievements, as well as the prospective future of oral and maxillofacial surgery in