目的:评估针对膝骨性关节炎治疗中安慰针刺的随机对照试验(RCT)文献的质量,探讨安慰针刺临床试验设计的思路。方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文期刊全文数据数据库(VIP)、万方数据知识服务平台(WF)、中国生物医学文...目的:评估针对膝骨性关节炎治疗中安慰针刺的随机对照试验(RCT)文献的质量,探讨安慰针刺临床试验设计的思路。方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文期刊全文数据数据库(VIP)、万方数据知识服务平台(WF)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science(WOS)及Embase数据库,收集使用单纯针刺与安慰针刺进行对比的针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎RCT研究,检索时限从建库至2022年12月31日。使用CONSORT与TIDieR-Placebo标准评估文献报告质量,并对结果进行分析讨论。结果:共纳入20篇文献。CONSORT评价结果显示报告率不高于10%的条目为条目3b、6b、11b、12b、14b、17b、18。TIDieR-Placebo评价结果显示报告率不高于10%的条目为条目6、9、10、11、13。安慰针刺的方式主要为“假穴假刺”“假穴真刺”“假穴浅刺”“非治疗穴真刺”“治疗穴假刺”5种。结论:有关安慰针刺的临床试验尚不严谨,质量有待提高。为推动针灸领域临床研究的标准化,建议未来的研究应更加重视依据这些标准来规范化研究报告。展开更多
Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,t...Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,the failure mode and the earth pressure acting on the rigid retaining wall with EPS geofoam inclusions and granular backfills(henceforth referred to as EPS-wall),under limited surcharge loading are investigated through two-and three-dimensional model tests.The testing results show that different from the sliding of almost all the backfill in the EPS-wall under semi-infinite surcharge loading,only an approximately triangular backfill slides in the wall under limited surcharge loading.The distribution of the lateral earth pressure on the EPS-wall under limited surcharge loading is non-linear,and the distribution changes from the increase of the wall depth to the decrease with the increase of the limited surcharge loading.An approach based on the force equilibrium of a differential element is developed to predict the lateral earth pressure behind the EPS-wall subjected to limited surcharge loading,and its performance was fully validated by the three-dimensional model tests.展开更多
This paper presents experimental studies on a compacted expansive soil,from Nanyang,China for investigating the at-rest lateral earth pressureσL of expansive soils.The key studies include(i)relationships between the...This paper presents experimental studies on a compacted expansive soil,from Nanyang,China for investigating the at-rest lateral earth pressureσL of expansive soils.The key studies include(i)relationships between theσL and the vertical stressσV during soaking and consolidation,(ii)the influences of initial dry densityρd0 and moisture content w 0 on the vertical and lateral swelling pressures at no swelling strain(i.e.σV0 andσL0),and(iii)evolution of theσL during five long-term wetting-drying cycles.Experimental results demonstrated that the post-soakingσL-σV relationships are piecewise linear and their slopes in the passive state(σL>σV)and active state(σL<σV)are similar to that of the consolidationσL-σV relationships in the normal-and over-consolidated states,respectively.The soakingσL-σV relationships converge to the consolidationσL-σV relationships at a thresholdσV where the interparticle swelling is restrained.TheσL0 andσV0 increase monotonically withρd0;however,they show increasing-then-decreasing trends with the w 0.The extent of compaction-induced swelling anisotropy,which is evaluated byσL0/σV0,reduces with an increase in the compaction energy and molding water content.TheσL reduces over moisture cycles and the stress relaxation in theσL during soaking is observed.An approach was developed to predict the at-rest soakingσL-σV relationships,which requires conventional consolidation and shear strength properties and one measurement of theσL-σV relationships during soaking.The proposed approach was validated using the results of three different expansive soils available in the literature.展开更多
文摘目的:评估针对膝骨性关节炎治疗中安慰针刺的随机对照试验(RCT)文献的质量,探讨安慰针刺临床试验设计的思路。方法:计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文期刊全文数据数据库(VIP)、万方数据知识服务平台(WF)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、PubMed、Web of Science(WOS)及Embase数据库,收集使用单纯针刺与安慰针刺进行对比的针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎RCT研究,检索时限从建库至2022年12月31日。使用CONSORT与TIDieR-Placebo标准评估文献报告质量,并对结果进行分析讨论。结果:共纳入20篇文献。CONSORT评价结果显示报告率不高于10%的条目为条目3b、6b、11b、12b、14b、17b、18。TIDieR-Placebo评价结果显示报告率不高于10%的条目为条目6、9、10、11、13。安慰针刺的方式主要为“假穴假刺”“假穴真刺”“假穴浅刺”“非治疗穴真刺”“治疗穴假刺”5种。结论:有关安慰针刺的临床试验尚不严谨,质量有待提高。为推动针灸领域临床研究的标准化,建议未来的研究应更加重视依据这些标准来规范化研究报告。
基金funding support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52179109)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20230967)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University(Grant No.KF2022-02).
文摘Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,the failure mode and the earth pressure acting on the rigid retaining wall with EPS geofoam inclusions and granular backfills(henceforth referred to as EPS-wall),under limited surcharge loading are investigated through two-and three-dimensional model tests.The testing results show that different from the sliding of almost all the backfill in the EPS-wall under semi-infinite surcharge loading,only an approximately triangular backfill slides in the wall under limited surcharge loading.The distribution of the lateral earth pressure on the EPS-wall under limited surcharge loading is non-linear,and the distribution changes from the increase of the wall depth to the decrease with the increase of the limited surcharge loading.An approach based on the force equilibrium of a differential element is developed to predict the lateral earth pressure behind the EPS-wall subjected to limited surcharge loading,and its performance was fully validated by the three-dimensional model tests.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378365 and 52179109)Jiangsu Province Excellent Postdoctoral Program(Grant No.2023)China Scholarship Council-University of Ottawa Joint Scholarship.
文摘This paper presents experimental studies on a compacted expansive soil,from Nanyang,China for investigating the at-rest lateral earth pressureσL of expansive soils.The key studies include(i)relationships between theσL and the vertical stressσV during soaking and consolidation,(ii)the influences of initial dry densityρd0 and moisture content w 0 on the vertical and lateral swelling pressures at no swelling strain(i.e.σV0 andσL0),and(iii)evolution of theσL during five long-term wetting-drying cycles.Experimental results demonstrated that the post-soakingσL-σV relationships are piecewise linear and their slopes in the passive state(σL>σV)and active state(σL<σV)are similar to that of the consolidationσL-σV relationships in the normal-and over-consolidated states,respectively.The soakingσL-σV relationships converge to the consolidationσL-σV relationships at a thresholdσV where the interparticle swelling is restrained.TheσL0 andσV0 increase monotonically withρd0;however,they show increasing-then-decreasing trends with the w 0.The extent of compaction-induced swelling anisotropy,which is evaluated byσL0/σV0,reduces with an increase in the compaction energy and molding water content.TheσL reduces over moisture cycles and the stress relaxation in theσL during soaking is observed.An approach was developed to predict the at-rest soakingσL-σV relationships,which requires conventional consolidation and shear strength properties and one measurement of theσL-σV relationships during soaking.The proposed approach was validated using the results of three different expansive soils available in the literature.
