差速非对称双螺杆挤出制备高性能HDPE/h-BN导热复合材料

电子元器件的飞速发展对电子设备的散热要求也越来越高。通过使用基于混沌混合原理的差速非对称双螺杆挤出机制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/六方氮化硼(h-BN)高导热复合材料,通过微观形貌、导热性能、力学性能等测试分析,研究了螺杆转速对h-BN的剥离与分散混合及其对HDPE/h-BN复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,转速的提升能够改善挤出机对h-BN的剥离分散效果,从而提高导热复合材料的综合性能。当转速为300 r/min时,平面内和平面外方向上的热导率分别达到了7.91和0.38 W/(m·K),与100 r/min时相比,分别提高了7.62%和15.15%,而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提升了2.68%和81.63%。此方法工艺简单、生产效率高,且无需使用有害试剂,为高效规模化制备综合性能优异的高导热复合材料提供了新思路。

舰船动力系统排烟对甲板上方空间温度场影响的数值分析

[目的]现代舰船动力系统排出的高温烟气对甲板上方高精度电子设备可靠工作和舰载机等作业单元的安全起降等具有重要影响,因此开展这些方面的研究工作非常重要。[方法]利用Fluent软件对某型舰船甲板上方空间温度场进行数值计算。选取舰船航行的典型风向,针对4种不同工况分析高温排气走向、舰船上层建筑壁面温度分布及关键停机坪上方温度场分布。[结果]结果显示,在30°风向下,位于舰船上层建筑背风侧的1,2号停机坪总会受到高温烟气的影响,使得安全起降受到威胁;同时,在低风速情况下,上层建筑表面受到高温烟气影响的区域面积更大,最大可达73 m^2。[结论]研究建议舰载直升机应尽量避免在30°风向下在1,2号停机坪处起降,电子仪器设备的布置应尽量避开受高温烟气影响较大的区域。

叶尖小翼对跨声速压气机级稳定工作裕度的影响

为了揭示叶尖小翼对跨声速压气机级气动性能的影响机制,利用数值方法研究了压气机级转子叶片上加装不同宽度压力面/吸力面叶尖小翼的作用效果和扩稳机制。同时,提出一种更加系统的叶尖小翼结构设计方法以优化叶尖小翼技术在压气机上的应用,使压气机级压比和绝热效率基本保持不变的前提下提升其稳定工作裕度。研究结果表明:随着压力面小翼宽度的增加,压气机级的稳定工作裕度分别增加了6.01%、9.90%、10.76%、11.43%,压力面叶尖小翼改变了转子叶顶气流偏转角,抑制了叶顶泄漏流的产生和泄漏涡破碎,提升了压气机级的流通能力,同时减弱了静子叶片吸力侧的分离损失。

Effect of tip geometry and tip clearance on aerodynamic performance of a linear compressor cascade

The tip leakage flow between a blade and a casing wall has a strong impact on compressor pressure rise capability, efficiency, and stability. Consequently, there is a strong motivation to look for means to minimize its impact on performance. This paper presents the potential of passive tip leakage flow control to increase the aerodynamic performance of highly loaded compressor blades. Experimental investigations on a linear compressor cascade equipped with blade winglets mounted to the blade tips have been carried out. Results for a variation of the tip clearance and the winglet geometry are presented. Current results indicate that the use of proper tip winglets in a compressor cascade can positively affect the local aerodynamic field by weakening the tip leakage vortex. Results also show that the suction-side winglets are aerodynamically superior to the pressure-side or combined winglets. The suction-side winglets are capable of reducing the exit total pressure loss associated with the tip leakage flow and the passage secondary flow to a significant degree.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Submarine's Cold Wake Temperature Character

The temperature difference of the submarine's wake on the sea surface is the base for the IR detection. In this paper, the temperature difference on the sea surface caused by the submarine's propellers and the submarine's hull is studied by solving the three dimensional N-S equations. The results show that under the condition of sea temperature surroundings of minus gradient, such as in summer the upper water's temperature is higher than the lower water, it is cold wake on the sea surface and hot wake on the submarine's plane. The temperature difference between the wake and the water around in the wake's initial part becomes more and more obvious as the wake's distance gets longer. Through the IR camera, the submarine's propeller wake is studied under the same temperature status. Obvious IR temperature difference signals can be observed and it is consistent with the numerical simulation for the submarine.

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com- pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip wing]et on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over- all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed, It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet （SW） is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet （PW）. An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.

Effects of End-Bend and Curved Blades on the Flow Field and Loss of a Compressor Linear Cascade in the Design Condition

Curved blade and end-bend blade are considered as effective passive control methods for improving the aerodynamic performance of a compressor cascade,and their applicability also needs to be further studied.A highly-loaded compressor linear cascade in the design condition was taken as the research objective in this paper.Numerical simulation was used to study the positive and negative effects of these methods on the flow loss of the cascade by redistributing the vortex structures.Results show that:the curved blade could reduce the flow loss to 2.55%,while the end-bend blade and the end-bend+curved blade increase it to 10.58%and 2.19%,respectively.The positive effect of the curved blade weakens the strength and scale of Concentrated Shedding Vortex(CSV),which accounts for 59.2%of the total flow loss.The negative effect of the end-bend blade exacerbates the low-energy fluid clusters from the end wall and wake into CSV.Finally,the end-bend+curved blade can take their own strengths,but it enhances the twisting motion of Passage Vortex(PV)and CSV,which makes it fail to reduce the flow loss.Therefore,the positive and negative effects of these methods on the flow loss of a compressor cascade are much clearer.In addition,we also predict the potential danger of the end-bend blade in the negative incidence conditions and provides some suggestion for future study.

Research Progress of Tip Winglet Technology in Compressor

In the present study,the research progress of tip winglets that control tip clearance leakage flow in compressors is reviewed.Firstly,the effects of tip leakage flow on the aerodynamic performance of the compressor are presented.Subsequently,the development of tip winglet technology is reviewed.Next,a series of studies on compressor tip winglet technology are conducted.Besides,the effects of tip winglets on the aerodynamic performance of rectangular cascades of low-speed and high-subsonic compressors,subsonic compressor rotor and transonic compressor rotor are discussed,respectively,and the control effect of tip winglet technology combined with tip groove design on tip leakage is investigated.Lastly,the subsequent development direction and research prospect of compressor tip winglet technology are presented.

Reconstruction Method for Running Shape of Rotor Blade Considering Nonlinear Stiffness and Loads

The aerodynamic and centrifugal loads acting on the rotating blade make the blade configuration deformed comparing to its shape at rest. Accurate prediction of the running blade configuration plays a significant role in examining and analyzing turbomachinery performance. Considering nonlinear stiffness and loads, a reconstruction method is presented to address transformation of a rotating blade from cold to hot state. When calculating blade deformations, the blade stiffness and load conditions are updated simultaneously as blade shape varies. The reconstruction procedure is iterated till a converged hot blade shape is obtained. This method has been employed to determine the operating blade shapes of a test rotor blade and the Stage 37 rotor blade. The calculated results are compared with the experiments. The results show that the proposed method used for blade operating shape prediction is effective. The studies also show that this method can improve precision of finite element analysis and aerodynamic performance analysis.

Variable Clearance Characteristics of High Subsonic Compressor Cascades with Blade Tip Winglets

The gas turbine is the main power equipment for naval ship and special civil ship,while the compressor is one of the core structures of the gas turbine.The existing tip clearance could prevent the compressor blade and casing collision.Therefore,the flow loss in the tip region caused by the tip clearance will degrade the performance of the compressor.To improve the variable clearance characteristics of the high subsonic compressor cascades,the cascades with tip clearances of 1%,2%and 3%chord length are studied through experimental measurements and numerical calculations.The research results prove that the pressure surface tip winglet can cause a significant improvement effect under most working conditions.If the blade tip clearance size is gradually increasing within a reasonable range,the improvement effect becomes more remarkable,and the optimal tip winglet case changes.When tip clearance is 1%chord length,the PTW1.0 case(the width of the pressure surface tip winglet is 1.0 time of the original tip)reduces the flow loss by 3.09%compared with the NTW case(No Tip Winglet).When tip clearance is 2%chord length,the flow loss of PTW1.5 case(the width of the pressure surface tip winglet is 1.5 times of the original tip)is reduced by 3.46%.When tip clearance is 3%chord length,all alternative tip winglets reduce the total pressure loss,and PTW2.0 case(the width of the pressure surface tip winglet is 2.0 times of the original tip)is the best choice,which has a 6.53%degree of improvement.

Effect of Vane Opening on Aerodynamic Performance of the Ram-rotor Test System

In order to research the influence of adjustable vane on the aerodynamic performance of the ram-rotor test system,FLUENT software has been adopted to simulate the flow passage of the ram-rotor test system numerically.The vane opening is controlled by changing the stagger angle of the vane blades.Results show that flow uniformity of vane outlet is influenced by the vane openings,which has an impact on the aerodynamic loss to some extent.Total pressure ratio,adiabatic efficiency and mass flow rate can be regulated by different openings of the vane.Compared with-8° vane opening,top efBciency of the ram-rotor increases by about 13.8%at +6° opening.And total pressure ratio drops by 5.87%.The rising opening increases the relative Mach number at inlet of the ram-rotor and weakens the intensity of the tip clearance leakage,which comes to a decreasing aerodynamic loss.

Aerodynamic Characteristic Research on Final Stage Stator of a Highly Loaded Fan

Due to corner separation and other complex three-dimensional flows existing in the highly loaded stator, which influences the fan performance significantly, highly loaded stator blades of a transonic fan with a maximum camber angle of 57° were studied in this paper and sector cascade experiment was adopted. In order to get the stator aerodynamic parameters as realistic as possible and conduct the experiment without the existence of rotor, an adjustable guide vane was designed to simulate the velocity magnitude and direction of the stator inlet flow. Results show that the adjustable guide vane can simulate the rotor outlet velocity direction and magnitude in most span range. The deviation angle is positive and the maximum value is nearly 21° because the severe separation is at 27% span. Corner separation exists on both pressure side and suction side and the location of separation initiation is determined. Finally, the stator blades were redesigned with some suction slots on the suction side. Experiment results show that the suction slots change the flow field structure, increase the capability of flow turning, and decrease the flow loss.

Effect of Meridional Characteristic Angle on Aerodynamic Performance of Ram-Rotor

A kind of meridional concept which has a shape of contraction-expansion(Con-Exp)was applied to the ram-rotor in the paper,and detailed numerical simulation to understand the impact of meridional shape and geometric characteristic angle on the aerodynamic behavior of ram-rotors has been undertaken.Compared to baseline,there was a positive effect in intensifying shock train and suppressing low momentum fluid in Con-Exp scheme,and the pressure ratio and efficiency of Con-Exp scheme increased by 2.075%and 3.160%,respectively.When the contracting angle was increasing,supersonic flow at and after throat region accelerated remarkably,and the static pressure rise was decreased gradually.The terminating shock train was transformed to terminating shock,and the efficiency of ram-rotor was unfavorable to improve due to low throttle extent.As expanding angle rose,the terminating shock moved forward and turned to shock train gradually.The pressure rise capacity and throttling ability of ram-rotor were raised.More low momentum fluid was accumulated near the middle and upper flow-path,yielding greater flow loss at large expanding angle.

Effect of Winglet Geometry Arrangement and Incidence on Tip Clearance Control in a Compressor Cascade

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the influences of blade tip winglet on the flow field of a compressor cascade. The tests are performed in a low speed linear cascade with stationary endwall, with three blade tip configurations, including the baseline tip, the suction-side winglet tip and the pressure-side winglet tip. The flowfield downstream of the cascade is measured using five-hole probe, from which the three-dimensional velocity field, vorticity field and pressure field are obtained. Static pressure measurements are made on the endwall above the blade row using pressure taps embedded in the plywood endwall. All measurements are made at both design and off-design conditions for tip clearance level of about 2 percent of the blade chord. The results revealed the incidence variation significantly affects the secondary flow and the associated loss field downstream of the cascade, where the tip leakage vortex and passage vortex exist as the major contributors on the field. The winglet geometry arrangements can change the trajectory of the tip leakage vortex. The suction-side winglet tip blade provides a lower overall total pressure loss coefficient when compared to the baseline tip blade and pressure-side winglet tip blade at all incidence angles.

Research on Calculation Method of Aerodynamic Parameters of Supersonic Probe Based on Gas Compressibility Factor

The supersonic multi-hole probe is an essential test tool for wind tunnel experiments, which is necessary to develop the basic research of improving the measurement accuracy and expanding the application of the probes.

Flow Visualization and Topological Analysis of a Turbine Rotor Cascade with Tip Clearance

By means of ink trace visualization and topological allalysis, this paper investigates the topological structure of the flow pattern surrounding both endwalls and blade surfaces for a low aspect ratio linear rotor cascade with tip cIearance. The structure of the flow pattern shows that most of the singular points and separation lines are located in the upper half span region of the tested cascade where the aerodynamic behaviors are deteriorated.